The role of protein–protein interactions in Toll-like receptor function
As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for lig...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Berglund, Nils A. [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2015transfer abstract |
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Umfang: |
12 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: A multi-zone spatial flow impact factor model for evaluating and layout optimization of infection risk in a Fangcang shelter hospital - Ma, Luping ELSEVIER, 2022, an international review journal, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:119 ; year:2015 ; number:1 ; pages:72-83 ; extent:12 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 |
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Katalog-ID: |
ELV019023375 |
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520 | |a As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. | ||
520 | |a As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. | ||
650 | 7 | |a Signaling complex formation |2 Elsevier | |
650 | 7 | |a Toll-like receptors |2 Elsevier | |
650 | 7 | |a Innate immunity |2 Elsevier | |
650 | 7 | |a Leucine-rich repeats |2 Elsevier | |
650 | 7 | |a Transmembrane domain assembly |2 Elsevier | |
650 | 7 | |a Pathogen associated molecular patterns |2 Elsevier | |
700 | 1 | |a Kargas, Vasileios |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Ortiz-Suarez, Maite L. |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Bond, Peter J. |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 doi GBVA2015023000030.pica (DE-627)ELV019023375 (ELSEVIER)S0079-6107(15)00096-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 690 VZ 56.00 bkl Berglund, Nils A. verfasserin aut The role of protein–protein interactions in Toll-like receptor function 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. Signaling complex formation Elsevier Toll-like receptors Elsevier Innate immunity Elsevier Leucine-rich repeats Elsevier Transmembrane domain assembly Elsevier Pathogen associated molecular patterns Elsevier Kargas, Vasileios oth Ortiz-Suarez, Maite L. oth Bond, Peter J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Ma, Luping ELSEVIER A multi-zone spatial flow impact factor model for evaluating and layout optimization of infection risk in a Fangcang shelter hospital 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV007634501 volume:119 year:2015 number:1 pages:72-83 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 56.00 Bauwesen: Allgemeines VZ AR 119 2015 1 72-83 12 045F 570 |
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10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 doi GBVA2015023000030.pica (DE-627)ELV019023375 (ELSEVIER)S0079-6107(15)00096-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 690 VZ 56.00 bkl Berglund, Nils A. verfasserin aut The role of protein–protein interactions in Toll-like receptor function 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. Signaling complex formation Elsevier Toll-like receptors Elsevier Innate immunity Elsevier Leucine-rich repeats Elsevier Transmembrane domain assembly Elsevier Pathogen associated molecular patterns Elsevier Kargas, Vasileios oth Ortiz-Suarez, Maite L. oth Bond, Peter J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Ma, Luping ELSEVIER A multi-zone spatial flow impact factor model for evaluating and layout optimization of infection risk in a Fangcang shelter hospital 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV007634501 volume:119 year:2015 number:1 pages:72-83 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 56.00 Bauwesen: Allgemeines VZ AR 119 2015 1 72-83 12 045F 570 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 doi GBVA2015023000030.pica (DE-627)ELV019023375 (ELSEVIER)S0079-6107(15)00096-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 690 VZ 56.00 bkl Berglund, Nils A. verfasserin aut The role of protein–protein interactions in Toll-like receptor function 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. Signaling complex formation Elsevier Toll-like receptors Elsevier Innate immunity Elsevier Leucine-rich repeats Elsevier Transmembrane domain assembly Elsevier Pathogen associated molecular patterns Elsevier Kargas, Vasileios oth Ortiz-Suarez, Maite L. oth Bond, Peter J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Ma, Luping ELSEVIER A multi-zone spatial flow impact factor model for evaluating and layout optimization of infection risk in a Fangcang shelter hospital 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV007634501 volume:119 year:2015 number:1 pages:72-83 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 56.00 Bauwesen: Allgemeines VZ AR 119 2015 1 72-83 12 045F 570 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 doi GBVA2015023000030.pica (DE-627)ELV019023375 (ELSEVIER)S0079-6107(15)00096-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 690 VZ 56.00 bkl Berglund, Nils A. verfasserin aut The role of protein–protein interactions in Toll-like receptor function 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. Signaling complex formation Elsevier Toll-like receptors Elsevier Innate immunity Elsevier Leucine-rich repeats Elsevier Transmembrane domain assembly Elsevier Pathogen associated molecular patterns Elsevier Kargas, Vasileios oth Ortiz-Suarez, Maite L. oth Bond, Peter J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Ma, Luping ELSEVIER A multi-zone spatial flow impact factor model for evaluating and layout optimization of infection risk in a Fangcang shelter hospital 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV007634501 volume:119 year:2015 number:1 pages:72-83 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 56.00 Bauwesen: Allgemeines VZ AR 119 2015 1 72-83 12 045F 570 |
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10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 doi GBVA2015023000030.pica (DE-627)ELV019023375 (ELSEVIER)S0079-6107(15)00096-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 690 VZ 56.00 bkl Berglund, Nils A. verfasserin aut The role of protein–protein interactions in Toll-like receptor function 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. Signaling complex formation Elsevier Toll-like receptors Elsevier Innate immunity Elsevier Leucine-rich repeats Elsevier Transmembrane domain assembly Elsevier Pathogen associated molecular patterns Elsevier Kargas, Vasileios oth Ortiz-Suarez, Maite L. oth Bond, Peter J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Ma, Luping ELSEVIER A multi-zone spatial flow impact factor model for evaluating and layout optimization of infection risk in a Fangcang shelter hospital 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV007634501 volume:119 year:2015 number:1 pages:72-83 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.06.021 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 56.00 Bauwesen: Allgemeines VZ AR 119 2015 1 72-83 12 045F 570 |
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As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. |
abstractGer |
As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. |
abstract_unstemmed |
As part of the innate immune system, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent key players in the first line of defense against invading foreign pathogens, and are also major targets for therapeutic immunomodulation. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins composed of an ectodomain responsible for ligand binding, a single-pass transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) signaling domain. The ectodomains of TLRs are specialized for recognizing a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ranging from lipids and lipopeptides to proteins and nucleic acid fragments. The members of the TLR family are highly conserved and their ectodomains are composed of characteristic, solenoidal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Upon ligand binding, these rigid LRR scaffolds dimerize (or re-organize in the case of pre-formed dimers) to bring together their carboxy-terminal transmembrane and TIR domains. The latter are proposed to act as a platform for recruitment of adaptor proteins and formation of higher-order complexes, resulting in propagation of downstream signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the protein–protein interactions critical for formation and stability of productive, ligand-bound TLR complexes. In particular, we focus on the large body of high-resolution crystallographic data now available for the ectodomains of homo- and heterodimeric TLR complexes, as well as inhibitory TLR-like receptors, and also consider computational approaches that can facilitate our understanding of the ligand-induced conformational changes associated with TLR function. We also briefly consider what is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in both TLR transmembrane domain assembly and TIR-mediated signaling complex formation in light of recent structural and biochemical data. |
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