Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media
Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effe...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Grace, Maebh A. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2016transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
9 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality - Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER, 2022, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:180 ; year:2016 ; day:15 ; month:09 ; pages:102-110 ; extent:9 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 |
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ELV019315899 |
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| 520 | |a Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. | ||
| 520 | |a Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Clogging mechanism |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Fly ash |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Water purification |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Bayer residue |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Healy, Mark G. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Clifford, Eoghan |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier |a Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER |t Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality |d 2022 |g Amsterdam [u.a.] |w (DE-627)ELV008002754 |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 doi GBVA2016010000002.pica (DE-627)ELV019315899 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(16)30267-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 690 333.7 DNB 690 DNB 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Grace, Maebh A. verfasserin aut Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media 2016transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Clogging mechanism Elsevier Fly ash Elsevier Water purification Elsevier Bayer residue Elsevier Healy, Mark G. oth Clifford, Eoghan oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:180 year:2016 day:15 month:09 pages:102-110 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 180 2016 15 0915 102-110 9 045F 333.7 |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 doi GBVA2016010000002.pica (DE-627)ELV019315899 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(16)30267-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 690 333.7 DNB 690 DNB 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Grace, Maebh A. verfasserin aut Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media 2016transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Clogging mechanism Elsevier Fly ash Elsevier Water purification Elsevier Bayer residue Elsevier Healy, Mark G. oth Clifford, Eoghan oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:180 year:2016 day:15 month:09 pages:102-110 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 180 2016 15 0915 102-110 9 045F 333.7 |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 doi GBVA2016010000002.pica (DE-627)ELV019315899 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(16)30267-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 690 333.7 DNB 690 DNB 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Grace, Maebh A. verfasserin aut Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media 2016transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Clogging mechanism Elsevier Fly ash Elsevier Water purification Elsevier Bayer residue Elsevier Healy, Mark G. oth Clifford, Eoghan oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:180 year:2016 day:15 month:09 pages:102-110 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 180 2016 15 0915 102-110 9 045F 333.7 |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 doi GBVA2016010000002.pica (DE-627)ELV019315899 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(16)30267-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 690 333.7 DNB 690 DNB 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Grace, Maebh A. verfasserin aut Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media 2016transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Clogging mechanism Elsevier Fly ash Elsevier Water purification Elsevier Bayer residue Elsevier Healy, Mark G. oth Clifford, Eoghan oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:180 year:2016 day:15 month:09 pages:102-110 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 180 2016 15 0915 102-110 9 045F 333.7 |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 doi GBVA2016010000002.pica (DE-627)ELV019315899 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(16)30267-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 690 333.7 DNB 690 DNB 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Grace, Maebh A. verfasserin aut Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media 2016transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. Clogging mechanism Elsevier Fly ash Elsevier Water purification Elsevier Bayer residue Elsevier Healy, Mark G. oth Clifford, Eoghan oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:180 year:2016 day:15 month:09 pages:102-110 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.018 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 180 2016 15 0915 102-110 9 045F 333.7 |
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Enthalten in Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality Amsterdam [u.a.] volume:180 year:2016 day:15 month:09 pages:102-110 extent:9 |
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performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media |
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Performance and surface clogging in intermittently loaded and slow sand filters containing novel media |
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Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. |
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Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. |
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Slow sand filers are commonly used in water purification processes. However, with the emergence of new contaminants and concern over removing precursors to disinfection by-products, as well as traditional contaminants, there has recently been a focus on technology improvements to result in more effective and targeted filtration systems. The use of new media has attracted attention in terms of contaminant removal, but there have been limited investigations on the key issue of clogging. The filters constructed for this study contained stratified layers comprising combinations of Bayer residue, zeolite, fly ash, granular activated carbon, or sand, dosed with a variety of contaminants (total organic carbon (TOC), aluminium (Al), ammonium (NH4 +-N), nitrate (NO3 −-N) and turbidity). Their performance and clogging mechanisms were compared to sand filters, which were also operated under two different loading regimes (continuous and intermittently loaded). The study showed that the novel filter configurations achieved up to 97% Al removal, 71% TOC removal, and 88% NH4 +-N removal in the best-performing configuration, although they were not as effective as sand in terms of permeability. Deconstruction of the filters revealed that the main clogging mechanism was organic matter build-up at the uppermost layer of the filters. The clogging layer formed more quickly on the surface of the novel media when compared to the sand filters, but extended further into the sand filters, the extent dependent on the loading regime. The study shows the potential for an alternative filtration configuration, harnessing the adsorption potential of industrial waste products and natural media. |
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