Morphological alteration, lysosomal membrane fragility and apoptosis of the cells of Indian freshwater sponge exposed to washing soda (sodium carbonate)
Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carter...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Mukherjee, Soumalya [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
12 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Erysipelas, the “Other” Cellulitis: A Practical Guide for Nurse Practitioners - Fetters, Lisa ELSEVIER, 2021, EES : official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Amsterdam |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:122 ; year:2015 ; pages:331-342 ; extent:12 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 |
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ELV023300957 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Morphological alteration, lysosomal membrane fragility and apoptosis of the cells of Indian freshwater sponge exposed to washing soda (sodium carbonate) |
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| 520 | |a Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. | ||
| 520 | |a Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Washing soda |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Immunotoxicity |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Eunapius carteri |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Phosphatase |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Lysosomal membrane fragility |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Apoptosis |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ray, Mitali |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dutta, Manab Kumar |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Acharya, Avanti |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mukhopadhyay, Sandip Kumar |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ray, Sajal |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier |a Fetters, Lisa ELSEVIER |t Erysipelas, the “Other” Cellulitis: A Practical Guide for Nurse Practitioners |d 2021 |d EES : official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety |g Amsterdam |w (DE-627)ELV006765629 |
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10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 doi GBVA2015004000006.pica (DE-627)ELV023300957 (ELSEVIER)S0147-6513(15)30057-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 610 DE-600 610 VZ 44.63 bkl Mukherjee, Soumalya verfasserin aut Morphological alteration, lysosomal membrane fragility and apoptosis of the cells of Indian freshwater sponge exposed to washing soda (sodium carbonate) 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda Elsevier Immunotoxicity Elsevier Eunapius carteri Elsevier Phosphatase Elsevier Lysosomal membrane fragility Elsevier Apoptosis Elsevier Ray, Mitali oth Dutta, Manab Kumar oth Acharya, Avanti oth Mukhopadhyay, Sandip Kumar oth Ray, Sajal oth Enthalten in Elsevier Fetters, Lisa ELSEVIER Erysipelas, the “Other” Cellulitis: A Practical Guide for Nurse Practitioners 2021 EES : official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety Amsterdam (DE-627)ELV006765629 volume:122 year:2015 pages:331-342 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.63 Krankenpflege VZ AR 122 2015 331-342 12 045F 610 |
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10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 doi GBVA2015004000006.pica (DE-627)ELV023300957 (ELSEVIER)S0147-6513(15)30057-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 610 DE-600 610 VZ 44.63 bkl Mukherjee, Soumalya verfasserin aut Morphological alteration, lysosomal membrane fragility and apoptosis of the cells of Indian freshwater sponge exposed to washing soda (sodium carbonate) 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda Elsevier Immunotoxicity Elsevier Eunapius carteri Elsevier Phosphatase Elsevier Lysosomal membrane fragility Elsevier Apoptosis Elsevier Ray, Mitali oth Dutta, Manab Kumar oth Acharya, Avanti oth Mukhopadhyay, Sandip Kumar oth Ray, Sajal oth Enthalten in Elsevier Fetters, Lisa ELSEVIER Erysipelas, the “Other” Cellulitis: A Practical Guide for Nurse Practitioners 2021 EES : official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety Amsterdam (DE-627)ELV006765629 volume:122 year:2015 pages:331-342 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.63 Krankenpflege VZ AR 122 2015 331-342 12 045F 610 |
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10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 doi GBVA2015004000006.pica (DE-627)ELV023300957 (ELSEVIER)S0147-6513(15)30057-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 610 DE-600 610 VZ 44.63 bkl Mukherjee, Soumalya verfasserin aut Morphological alteration, lysosomal membrane fragility and apoptosis of the cells of Indian freshwater sponge exposed to washing soda (sodium carbonate) 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda Elsevier Immunotoxicity Elsevier Eunapius carteri Elsevier Phosphatase Elsevier Lysosomal membrane fragility Elsevier Apoptosis Elsevier Ray, Mitali oth Dutta, Manab Kumar oth Acharya, Avanti oth Mukhopadhyay, Sandip Kumar oth Ray, Sajal oth Enthalten in Elsevier Fetters, Lisa ELSEVIER Erysipelas, the “Other” Cellulitis: A Practical Guide for Nurse Practitioners 2021 EES : official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety Amsterdam (DE-627)ELV006765629 volume:122 year:2015 pages:331-342 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.63 Krankenpflege VZ AR 122 2015 331-342 12 045F 610 |
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10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 doi GBVA2015004000006.pica (DE-627)ELV023300957 (ELSEVIER)S0147-6513(15)30057-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 610 DE-600 610 VZ 44.63 bkl Mukherjee, Soumalya verfasserin aut Morphological alteration, lysosomal membrane fragility and apoptosis of the cells of Indian freshwater sponge exposed to washing soda (sodium carbonate) 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda Elsevier Immunotoxicity Elsevier Eunapius carteri Elsevier Phosphatase Elsevier Lysosomal membrane fragility Elsevier Apoptosis Elsevier Ray, Mitali oth Dutta, Manab Kumar oth Acharya, Avanti oth Mukhopadhyay, Sandip Kumar oth Ray, Sajal oth Enthalten in Elsevier Fetters, Lisa ELSEVIER Erysipelas, the “Other” Cellulitis: A Practical Guide for Nurse Practitioners 2021 EES : official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety Amsterdam (DE-627)ELV006765629 volume:122 year:2015 pages:331-342 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.63 Krankenpflege VZ AR 122 2015 331-342 12 045F 610 |
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10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 doi GBVA2015004000006.pica (DE-627)ELV023300957 (ELSEVIER)S0147-6513(15)30057-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 610 DE-600 610 VZ 44.63 bkl Mukherjee, Soumalya verfasserin aut Morphological alteration, lysosomal membrane fragility and apoptosis of the cells of Indian freshwater sponge exposed to washing soda (sodium carbonate) 2015transfer abstract 12 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. Washing soda Elsevier Immunotoxicity Elsevier Eunapius carteri Elsevier Phosphatase Elsevier Lysosomal membrane fragility Elsevier Apoptosis Elsevier Ray, Mitali oth Dutta, Manab Kumar oth Acharya, Avanti oth Mukhopadhyay, Sandip Kumar oth Ray, Sajal oth Enthalten in Elsevier Fetters, Lisa ELSEVIER Erysipelas, the “Other” Cellulitis: A Practical Guide for Nurse Practitioners 2021 EES : official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety Amsterdam (DE-627)ELV006765629 volume:122 year:2015 pages:331-342 extent:12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.011 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 44.63 Krankenpflege VZ AR 122 2015 331-342 12 045F 610 |
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Morphological alteration, lysosomal membrane fragility and apoptosis of the cells of Indian freshwater sponge exposed to washing soda (sodium carbonate) |
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Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. |
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Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. |
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Washing soda is chemically known as sodium carbonate and is a component of laundry detergent. Domestic effluent, drain water and various anthropogenic activities have been identified as major routes of sodium carbonate contamination of the freshwater ecosystem. The freshwater sponge, Eunapius carteri, bears ecological and evolutionary significance and is considered as a bioresource in aquatic ecosystems. The present study involves estimation of morphological damage, lysosomal membrane integrity, activity of phosphatases and apoptosis in the cells of E. carteri under the environmentally realistic concentrations of washing soda. Exposure to washing soda resulted in severe morphological alterations and damages in cells of E. carteri. Fragility and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of E. carteri under the sublethal exposure was indicative to toxin induced physiological stress in sponge. Prolonged exposure to sodium carbonate resulted a reduction in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cells of E. carteri. Experimental concentration of 8mg/l of washing soda for 192h yielded an increase in the physiological level of cellular apoptosis among the semigranulocytes and granulocytes of E. carteri, which was suggestive to possible shift in apoptosis mediated immunoprotection. The results were indicative of an undesirable shift in the immune status of sponge. Contamination of the freshwater aquifers by washing soda thus poses an alarming ecotoxicological threat to sponges. |
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