Synthesis, characterization of a novel lignin-based polymer and its behavior as a coagulant aid in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process
A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used a...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Li, Ruihua [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2016transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
8 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Editorial board - 2015, official journal of the Biodeterioration Society and groups affiliated to the International Biodeterioration Association, Barking |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:113 ; year:2016 ; pages:334-341 ; extent:8 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 |
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ELV029926866 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Synthesis, characterization of a novel lignin-based polymer and its behavior as a coagulant aid in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process |
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| 520 | |a A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. | ||
| 520 | |a A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Flocculation mechanism |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Lignin-based flocculant |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Papermaking sludge |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Membrane fouling |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Floc properties |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gao, Baoyu |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sun, Jianzhang |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yue, Qinyan |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Yan |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xu, Xing |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 doi GBV00000000000014.pica (DE-627)ELV029926866 (ELSEVIER)S0964-8305(16)30036-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 550 VZ 690 VZ 610 VZ 44.65 bkl Li, Ruihua verfasserin aut Synthesis, characterization of a novel lignin-based polymer and its behavior as a coagulant aid in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process 2016transfer abstract 8 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Flocculation mechanism Elsevier Lignin-based flocculant Elsevier Papermaking sludge Elsevier Membrane fouling Elsevier Floc properties Elsevier Gao, Baoyu oth Sun, Jianzhang oth Yue, Qinyan oth Wang, Yan oth Xu, Xing oth Enthalten in Elsevier Editorial board 2015 official journal of the Biodeterioration Society and groups affiliated to the International Biodeterioration Association Barking (DE-627)ELV018796621 volume:113 year:2016 pages:334-341 extent:8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_40 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 113 2016 334-341 8 045F 570 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 doi GBV00000000000014.pica (DE-627)ELV029926866 (ELSEVIER)S0964-8305(16)30036-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 550 VZ 690 VZ 610 VZ 44.65 bkl Li, Ruihua verfasserin aut Synthesis, characterization of a novel lignin-based polymer and its behavior as a coagulant aid in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process 2016transfer abstract 8 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Flocculation mechanism Elsevier Lignin-based flocculant Elsevier Papermaking sludge Elsevier Membrane fouling Elsevier Floc properties Elsevier Gao, Baoyu oth Sun, Jianzhang oth Yue, Qinyan oth Wang, Yan oth Xu, Xing oth Enthalten in Elsevier Editorial board 2015 official journal of the Biodeterioration Society and groups affiliated to the International Biodeterioration Association Barking (DE-627)ELV018796621 volume:113 year:2016 pages:334-341 extent:8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_40 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 113 2016 334-341 8 045F 570 |
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10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 doi GBV00000000000014.pica (DE-627)ELV029926866 (ELSEVIER)S0964-8305(16)30036-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 550 VZ 690 VZ 610 VZ 44.65 bkl Li, Ruihua verfasserin aut Synthesis, characterization of a novel lignin-based polymer and its behavior as a coagulant aid in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process 2016transfer abstract 8 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Flocculation mechanism Elsevier Lignin-based flocculant Elsevier Papermaking sludge Elsevier Membrane fouling Elsevier Floc properties Elsevier Gao, Baoyu oth Sun, Jianzhang oth Yue, Qinyan oth Wang, Yan oth Xu, Xing oth Enthalten in Elsevier Editorial board 2015 official journal of the Biodeterioration Society and groups affiliated to the International Biodeterioration Association Barking (DE-627)ELV018796621 volume:113 year:2016 pages:334-341 extent:8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_40 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 113 2016 334-341 8 045F 570 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 doi GBV00000000000014.pica (DE-627)ELV029926866 (ELSEVIER)S0964-8305(16)30036-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 550 VZ 690 VZ 610 VZ 44.65 bkl Li, Ruihua verfasserin aut Synthesis, characterization of a novel lignin-based polymer and its behavior as a coagulant aid in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process 2016transfer abstract 8 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Flocculation mechanism Elsevier Lignin-based flocculant Elsevier Papermaking sludge Elsevier Membrane fouling Elsevier Floc properties Elsevier Gao, Baoyu oth Sun, Jianzhang oth Yue, Qinyan oth Wang, Yan oth Xu, Xing oth Enthalten in Elsevier Editorial board 2015 official journal of the Biodeterioration Society and groups affiliated to the International Biodeterioration Association Barking (DE-627)ELV018796621 volume:113 year:2016 pages:334-341 extent:8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_40 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 113 2016 334-341 8 045F 570 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 doi GBV00000000000014.pica (DE-627)ELV029926866 (ELSEVIER)S0964-8305(16)30036-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 570 DE-600 550 VZ 690 VZ 610 VZ 44.65 bkl Li, Ruihua verfasserin aut Synthesis, characterization of a novel lignin-based polymer and its behavior as a coagulant aid in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process 2016transfer abstract 8 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Flocculation mechanism Elsevier Lignin-based flocculant Elsevier Papermaking sludge Elsevier Membrane fouling Elsevier Floc properties Elsevier Gao, Baoyu oth Sun, Jianzhang oth Yue, Qinyan oth Wang, Yan oth Xu, Xing oth Enthalten in Elsevier Editorial board 2015 official journal of the Biodeterioration Society and groups affiliated to the International Biodeterioration Association Barking (DE-627)ELV018796621 volume:113 year:2016 pages:334-341 extent:8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.002 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_40 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 113 2016 334-341 8 045F 570 |
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Synthesis, characterization of a novel lignin-based polymer and its behavior as a coagulant aid in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process |
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A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. |
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A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. |
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A novel lignin-based flocculant was introduced in recycling of the biomass existing in papermaking sludge. The product, lignin-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide (LDA) was characterized as a cationic macromolecule polymer with broad structure. To demonstrate its efficiency, LDA was used as coagulant aid with polyferric chloride (PFC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) to remove humic acid by coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. Results showed that coagulation aid effect of LDA was not affected by the type of metal salts and removal ratios of dissolved organic carbon were maximum 15.1% and 11.9% larger than single PFC and PAC coagulation, respectively. More concentrated flocs with larger size and open structure as well as low fractal dimension were formed by dual-coagulants. In PFC coagulation system, LDA could absorb negative charge on the surface of Fe(III) coagulated flocs efficiently and achieve the maximum floc strength accordingly. In the ultrafiltration experiment, cake layer fouling was demonstrated to be the foremost fouling mechanism. PAC combined used with LDA resulted in the minimum membrane fouling due to the formation of looser flocs as well as more concentrated floc size distribution. Overall, LDA brought in charge neutralization and absorption bridging effect and played a positive role in coagulation–ultrafiltration processes. |
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