Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology
Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on t...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Nagai, Shin [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
E-Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2013transfer abstract |
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| Umfang: |
10 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: GLOMERULAR FEATURES OF CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME, A CASE CONTROLLED STUDY - 2014, an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecology, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:18 ; year:2013 ; pages:10-19 ; extent:10 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 |
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ELV032943210 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2013transfer abstract | |
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| 520 | |a Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. | ||
| 520 | |a Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Saitoh, Taku M. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Noh, Nam Jin |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yoon, Tae Kyung |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kobayashi, Hideki |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Suzuki, Rikie |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Son, Yowhan |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Muraoka, Hiroyuki |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier |t GLOMERULAR FEATURES OF CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME, A CASE CONTROLLED STUDY |d 2014 |d an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecology |g Amsterdam [u.a.] |w (DE-627)ELV022626204 |
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10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 doi GBVA2013007000008.pica (DE-627)ELV032943210 (ELSEVIER)S1574-9541(13)00047-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 333.7 610 DE-600 333.7 DE-600 610 VZ 610 VZ 530 VZ 52.56 bkl Nagai, Shin verfasserin aut Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology 2013transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Saitoh, Taku M. oth Noh, Nam Jin oth Yoon, Tae Kyung oth Kobayashi, Hideki oth Suzuki, Rikie oth Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida oth Son, Yowhan oth Muraoka, Hiroyuki oth Enthalten in Elsevier GLOMERULAR FEATURES OF CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME, A CASE CONTROLLED STUDY 2014 an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecology Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV022626204 volume:18 year:2013 pages:10-19 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 18 2013 10-19 10 045F 610 |
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10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 doi GBVA2013007000008.pica (DE-627)ELV032943210 (ELSEVIER)S1574-9541(13)00047-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 333.7 610 DE-600 333.7 DE-600 610 VZ 610 VZ 530 VZ 52.56 bkl Nagai, Shin verfasserin aut Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology 2013transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Saitoh, Taku M. oth Noh, Nam Jin oth Yoon, Tae Kyung oth Kobayashi, Hideki oth Suzuki, Rikie oth Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida oth Son, Yowhan oth Muraoka, Hiroyuki oth Enthalten in Elsevier GLOMERULAR FEATURES OF CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME, A CASE CONTROLLED STUDY 2014 an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecology Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV022626204 volume:18 year:2013 pages:10-19 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 18 2013 10-19 10 045F 610 |
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10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 doi GBVA2013007000008.pica (DE-627)ELV032943210 (ELSEVIER)S1574-9541(13)00047-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 333.7 610 DE-600 333.7 DE-600 610 VZ 610 VZ 530 VZ 52.56 bkl Nagai, Shin verfasserin aut Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology 2013transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Saitoh, Taku M. oth Noh, Nam Jin oth Yoon, Tae Kyung oth Kobayashi, Hideki oth Suzuki, Rikie oth Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida oth Son, Yowhan oth Muraoka, Hiroyuki oth Enthalten in Elsevier GLOMERULAR FEATURES OF CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME, A CASE CONTROLLED STUDY 2014 an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecology Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV022626204 volume:18 year:2013 pages:10-19 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 18 2013 10-19 10 045F 610 |
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10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 doi GBVA2013007000008.pica (DE-627)ELV032943210 (ELSEVIER)S1574-9541(13)00047-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 333.7 610 DE-600 333.7 DE-600 610 VZ 610 VZ 530 VZ 52.56 bkl Nagai, Shin verfasserin aut Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology 2013transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Saitoh, Taku M. oth Noh, Nam Jin oth Yoon, Tae Kyung oth Kobayashi, Hideki oth Suzuki, Rikie oth Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida oth Son, Yowhan oth Muraoka, Hiroyuki oth Enthalten in Elsevier GLOMERULAR FEATURES OF CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME, A CASE CONTROLLED STUDY 2014 an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecology Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV022626204 volume:18 year:2013 pages:10-19 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 18 2013 10-19 10 045F 610 |
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10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 doi GBVA2013007000008.pica (DE-627)ELV032943210 (ELSEVIER)S1574-9541(13)00047-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 333.7 610 DE-600 333.7 DE-600 610 VZ 610 VZ 530 VZ 52.56 bkl Nagai, Shin verfasserin aut Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology 2013transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. Saitoh, Taku M. oth Noh, Nam Jin oth Yoon, Tae Kyung oth Kobayashi, Hideki oth Suzuki, Rikie oth Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida oth Son, Yowhan oth Muraoka, Hiroyuki oth Enthalten in Elsevier GLOMERULAR FEATURES OF CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME, A CASE CONTROLLED STUDY 2014 an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecology Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV022626204 volume:18 year:2013 pages:10-19 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 18 2013 10-19 10 045F 610 |
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Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology |
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Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology |
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GLOMERULAR FEATURES OF CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME, A CASE CONTROLLED STUDY |
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utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology |
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Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology |
| abstract |
Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. |
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Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Hemispherical photographs taken on forest floors are used to monitor seasonal changes in canopy openness or leaf area index in ecological studies. Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy. |
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Utility of information in photographs taken upwards from the floor of closed-canopy deciduous broadleaved and closed-canopy evergreen coniferous forests for continuous observation of canopy phenology |
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Saitoh, Taku M. Noh, Nam Jin Yoon, Tae Kyung Kobayashi, Hideki Suzuki, Rikie Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida Son, Yowhan Muraoka, Hiroyuki |
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Those analyses usually use black and white images converted from the original colour images. Photographs taken by downwards-facing cameras installed on towers are used to provide detailed information on leaf expansion, maturation and senescence of various tree species through the analysis of red, green and blue ‘digital numbers’ (DNRGB) extracted from those images. To examine the usefulness of colour information encoded in upwards hemispherical photographs in monitoring canopy phenological characteristics, we examined the consistency of DNRGB values between downwards and upwards images in deciduous broadleaved and evergreen coniferous forests in Japan. In the deciduous broadleaved forest, the DNRGB values in the upwards images were able to detect canopy phenology almost as well as those in the downwards images. However, we found the effects on DNRGB of (1) the spatial heterogeneity among observed points, (2) low-vegetation (before the beginning of leaf-expansion and after the end of leaf-fall period) and (3) white balance settings. In the evergreen coniferous forest, in contrast, the DNRGB values in the upwards images did not capture canopy phenology. These different results may be attributable to the light attenuation characteristics in the canopies due to the geometries of leaves and branches. Thus, the DNRGB values obtained from upwards images are almost as good as those of downwards images for monitoring detailed canopy phenology in deciduous broadleaved forests with a closed canopy.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Saitoh, Taku M.</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Noh, Nam Jin</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yoon, Tae Kyung</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kobayashi, Hideki</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Suzuki, Rikie</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Son, Yowhan</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Muraoka, Hiroyuki</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="n">Elsevier</subfield><subfield code="t">GLOMERULAR FEATURES OF CARDIO-RENAL SYNDROME, A CASE CONTROLLED STUDY</subfield><subfield code="d">2014</subfield><subfield code="d">an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecology</subfield><subfield code="g">Amsterdam [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)ELV022626204</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:18</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2013</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:10-19</subfield><subfield code="g">extent:10</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.05.005</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ELV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">52.56</subfield><subfield code="j">Regenerative Energieformen</subfield><subfield code="j">alternative Energieformen</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">18</subfield><subfield code="j">2013</subfield><subfield code="h">10-19</subfield><subfield code="g">10</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="953" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="2">045F</subfield><subfield code="a">610</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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