Oxidation of graphite by different modified Hummers methods
Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fouri...
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Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Muzyka, Roksana [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2017transfer abstract |
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| Umfang: |
6 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols - Salam, Noor ELSEVIER, 2014, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:32 ; year:2017 ; number:1 ; pages:15-20 ; extent:6 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 |
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| 520 | |a Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. | ||
| 520 | |a Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Graphite oxide |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Graphite |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Modified Hummers methods |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Structure |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kwoka, Monika |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Smędowski, Łukasz |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Díez, Noel |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gryglewicz, Grażyna |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier |a Salam, Noor ELSEVIER |t Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols |d 2014 |g Amsterdam [u.a.] |w (DE-627)ELV017695317 |
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10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 doi GBVA2017009000020.pica (DE-627)ELV03584812X (ELSEVIER)S1872-5805(17)60102-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 620 DE-600 660 DE-600 540 VZ 570 VZ 58.11 bkl Muzyka, Roksana verfasserin aut Oxidation of graphite by different modified Hummers methods 2017transfer abstract 6 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxide Elsevier Graphite Elsevier Modified Hummers methods Elsevier Structure Elsevier Kwoka, Monika oth Smędowski, Łukasz oth Díez, Noel oth Gryglewicz, Grażyna oth Enthalten in Elsevier Salam, Noor ELSEVIER Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols 2014 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV017695317 volume:32 year:2017 number:1 pages:15-20 extent:6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_70 58.11 Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik VZ AR 32 2017 1 15-20 6 045F 620 |
| spelling |
10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 doi GBVA2017009000020.pica (DE-627)ELV03584812X (ELSEVIER)S1872-5805(17)60102-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 620 DE-600 660 DE-600 540 VZ 570 VZ 58.11 bkl Muzyka, Roksana verfasserin aut Oxidation of graphite by different modified Hummers methods 2017transfer abstract 6 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxide Elsevier Graphite Elsevier Modified Hummers methods Elsevier Structure Elsevier Kwoka, Monika oth Smędowski, Łukasz oth Díez, Noel oth Gryglewicz, Grażyna oth Enthalten in Elsevier Salam, Noor ELSEVIER Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols 2014 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV017695317 volume:32 year:2017 number:1 pages:15-20 extent:6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_70 58.11 Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik VZ AR 32 2017 1 15-20 6 045F 620 |
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10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 doi GBVA2017009000020.pica (DE-627)ELV03584812X (ELSEVIER)S1872-5805(17)60102-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 620 DE-600 660 DE-600 540 VZ 570 VZ 58.11 bkl Muzyka, Roksana verfasserin aut Oxidation of graphite by different modified Hummers methods 2017transfer abstract 6 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxide Elsevier Graphite Elsevier Modified Hummers methods Elsevier Structure Elsevier Kwoka, Monika oth Smędowski, Łukasz oth Díez, Noel oth Gryglewicz, Grażyna oth Enthalten in Elsevier Salam, Noor ELSEVIER Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols 2014 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV017695317 volume:32 year:2017 number:1 pages:15-20 extent:6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_70 58.11 Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik VZ AR 32 2017 1 15-20 6 045F 620 |
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10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 doi GBVA2017009000020.pica (DE-627)ELV03584812X (ELSEVIER)S1872-5805(17)60102-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 620 DE-600 660 DE-600 540 VZ 570 VZ 58.11 bkl Muzyka, Roksana verfasserin aut Oxidation of graphite by different modified Hummers methods 2017transfer abstract 6 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxide Elsevier Graphite Elsevier Modified Hummers methods Elsevier Structure Elsevier Kwoka, Monika oth Smędowski, Łukasz oth Díez, Noel oth Gryglewicz, Grażyna oth Enthalten in Elsevier Salam, Noor ELSEVIER Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols 2014 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV017695317 volume:32 year:2017 number:1 pages:15-20 extent:6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_70 58.11 Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik VZ AR 32 2017 1 15-20 6 045F 620 |
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10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 doi GBVA2017009000020.pica (DE-627)ELV03584812X (ELSEVIER)S1872-5805(17)60102-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 660 620 DE-600 660 DE-600 540 VZ 570 VZ 58.11 bkl Muzyka, Roksana verfasserin aut Oxidation of graphite by different modified Hummers methods 2017transfer abstract 6 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. Graphite oxide Elsevier Graphite Elsevier Modified Hummers methods Elsevier Structure Elsevier Kwoka, Monika oth Smędowski, Łukasz oth Díez, Noel oth Gryglewicz, Grażyna oth Enthalten in Elsevier Salam, Noor ELSEVIER Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols 2014 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV017695317 volume:32 year:2017 number:1 pages:15-20 extent:6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(17)60102-1 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_70 58.11 Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik VZ AR 32 2017 1 15-20 6 045F 620 |
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English |
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Enthalten in Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols Amsterdam [u.a.] volume:32 year:2017 number:1 pages:15-20 extent:6 |
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Enthalten in Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols Amsterdam [u.a.] volume:32 year:2017 number:1 pages:15-20 extent:6 |
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Silver nanoparticles embedded over mesoporous organic polymer as highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes and aerobic oxidative esterification of alcohols |
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Oxidation of graphite by different modified Hummers methods |
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Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. |
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Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. |
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Graphite oxides with different oxygen contents and specifications were prepared from a commercial graphite by different versions of the Hummers method and by oxidation with sodium dichromate. The chemical and structural characteristics of the graphite oxides were studied by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dichromate oxidation provided a low oxygen fixation, mainly in the form of hydroxyl and epoxy groups. A much more efficient oxidation was achieved by using the Hummers method. The use of NaNO3 and a reaction time of 2 h led to the highest oxygen content in the graphite oxide, over 40 wt%, and oxygen was found to be single- and double-bonded to carbon. SEM and XRD observations showed a high spacing of the graphitic layers under these conditions. These results prove that, even using the same oxidizing method, the chemical structure of graphite oxides can be tailored by changing reaction conditions. |
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