Evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis
Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam an...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Cao, Changqing [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2018transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
10 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs - Dedhia, Kavita ELSEVIER, 2018, official journal of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy, New York, NY [u.a.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:43 ; year:2018 ; number:30 ; day:26 ; month:07 ; pages:13788-13797 ; extent:10 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis |
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| 520 | |a Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. | ||
| 520 | |a Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Black liquor |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a SCWG |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a System modelling |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Exergy efficiency |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Evaporation |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a He, Youyou |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Jia |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cao, Wen |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jin, Hui |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier |a Dedhia, Kavita ELSEVIER |t External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs |d 2018 |d official journal of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy |g New York, NY [u.a.] |w (DE-627)ELV000127019 |
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10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000886.pica (DE-627)ELV043733581 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(17)34574-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.94 bkl Cao, Changqing verfasserin aut Evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis 2018transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Black liquor Elsevier SCWG Elsevier System modelling Elsevier Exergy efficiency Elsevier Evaporation Elsevier He, Youyou oth Chen, Jia oth Cao, Wen oth Jin, Hui oth Enthalten in Elsevier Dedhia, Kavita ELSEVIER External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs 2018 official journal of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000127019 volume:43 year:2018 number:30 day:26 month:07 pages:13788-13797 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.94 Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde VZ AR 43 2018 30 26 0726 13788-13797 10 |
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10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000886.pica (DE-627)ELV043733581 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(17)34574-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.94 bkl Cao, Changqing verfasserin aut Evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis 2018transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Black liquor Elsevier SCWG Elsevier System modelling Elsevier Exergy efficiency Elsevier Evaporation Elsevier He, Youyou oth Chen, Jia oth Cao, Wen oth Jin, Hui oth Enthalten in Elsevier Dedhia, Kavita ELSEVIER External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs 2018 official journal of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000127019 volume:43 year:2018 number:30 day:26 month:07 pages:13788-13797 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.94 Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde VZ AR 43 2018 30 26 0726 13788-13797 10 |
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10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000886.pica (DE-627)ELV043733581 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(17)34574-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.94 bkl Cao, Changqing verfasserin aut Evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis 2018transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Black liquor Elsevier SCWG Elsevier System modelling Elsevier Exergy efficiency Elsevier Evaporation Elsevier He, Youyou oth Chen, Jia oth Cao, Wen oth Jin, Hui oth Enthalten in Elsevier Dedhia, Kavita ELSEVIER External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs 2018 official journal of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000127019 volume:43 year:2018 number:30 day:26 month:07 pages:13788-13797 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.94 Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde VZ AR 43 2018 30 26 0726 13788-13797 10 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000886.pica (DE-627)ELV043733581 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(17)34574-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.94 bkl Cao, Changqing verfasserin aut Evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis 2018transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Black liquor Elsevier SCWG Elsevier System modelling Elsevier Exergy efficiency Elsevier Evaporation Elsevier He, Youyou oth Chen, Jia oth Cao, Wen oth Jin, Hui oth Enthalten in Elsevier Dedhia, Kavita ELSEVIER External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs 2018 official journal of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000127019 volume:43 year:2018 number:30 day:26 month:07 pages:13788-13797 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.94 Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde VZ AR 43 2018 30 26 0726 13788-13797 10 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000886.pica (DE-627)ELV043733581 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(17)34574-3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.94 bkl Cao, Changqing verfasserin aut Evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis 2018transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. Black liquor Elsevier SCWG Elsevier System modelling Elsevier Exergy efficiency Elsevier Evaporation Elsevier He, Youyou oth Chen, Jia oth Cao, Wen oth Jin, Hui oth Enthalten in Elsevier Dedhia, Kavita ELSEVIER External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs 2018 official journal of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000127019 volume:43 year:2018 number:30 day:26 month:07 pages:13788-13797 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.158 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.94 Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde VZ AR 43 2018 30 26 0726 13788-13797 10 |
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Enthalten in External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs New York, NY [u.a.] volume:43 year:2018 number:30 day:26 month:07 pages:13788-13797 extent:10 |
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Enthalten in External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs New York, NY [u.a.] volume:43 year:2018 number:30 day:26 month:07 pages:13788-13797 extent:10 |
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External auditory canal: Inferior, posterior-inferior, and anterior canal wall overhangs |
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The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. 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evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis |
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Evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis |
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Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. |
| abstractGer |
Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. |
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Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration. |
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