Decreased efficacy of UV inactivation of <ce:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</ce:italic> after multiple exposure and growth cycles
UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as S...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Shoults, David C. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2019transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
6 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced by S-alkenylmercaptocysteine (CySSR) species derived from Allium tissues in combination with sodium selenite - Zhang, Wei ELSEVIER, 2014, official journal of the German Society of Hygiene, Environmental and Public Health Sciences (Gesellschaft für Hygiene, Umweltmedizin und Präventivmedizin, GHUP), München |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:222 ; year:2019 ; number:1 ; pages:111-116 ; extent:6 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 |
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ELV044638566 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Decreased efficacy of UV inactivation of <ce:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</ce:italic> after multiple exposure and growth cycles |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2019transfer abstract | |
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| 520 | |a UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. | ||
| 520 | |a UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a <ce:italic>S. epidermidis</ce:italic> |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a UV resistance |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Ultraviolet irradiation |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a <ce:italic>Staphylococcus</ce:italic> |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Greywater reuse |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a <ce:italic>S. aureus</ce:italic> |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Bacterial resistance |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a UV adaptation |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Public health |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a <ce:italic>S. warneri</ce:italic> |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ashbolt, Nicholas J. |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier |a Zhang, Wei ELSEVIER |t Apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced by S-alkenylmercaptocysteine (CySSR) species derived from Allium tissues in combination with sodium selenite |d 2014 |d official journal of the German Society of Hygiene, Environmental and Public Health Sciences (Gesellschaft für Hygiene, Umweltmedizin und Präventivmedizin, GHUP) |g München |w (DE-627)ELV017446082 |
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| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 |3 Volltext |
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2019transfer abstract |
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10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 doi GBV00000000000414.pica (DE-627)ELV044638566 (ELSEVIER)S1438-4639(18)30133-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 VZ 640 VZ 610 VZ 530 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Shoults, David C. verfasserin aut Decreased efficacy of UV inactivation of <ce:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</ce:italic> after multiple exposure and growth cycles 2019transfer abstract 6 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. <ce:italic>S. epidermidis</ce:italic> Elsevier UV resistance Elsevier Ultraviolet irradiation Elsevier <ce:italic>Staphylococcus</ce:italic> Elsevier Greywater reuse Elsevier <ce:italic>S. aureus</ce:italic> Elsevier Bacterial resistance Elsevier UV adaptation Elsevier Public health Elsevier <ce:italic>S. warneri</ce:italic> Elsevier Ashbolt, Nicholas J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Zhang, Wei ELSEVIER Apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced by S-alkenylmercaptocysteine (CySSR) species derived from Allium tissues in combination with sodium selenite 2014 official journal of the German Society of Hygiene, Environmental and Public Health Sciences (Gesellschaft für Hygiene, Umweltmedizin und Präventivmedizin, GHUP) München (DE-627)ELV017446082 volume:222 year:2019 number:1 pages:111-116 extent:6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U GBV_ILN_70 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 222 2019 1 111-116 6 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 doi GBV00000000000414.pica (DE-627)ELV044638566 (ELSEVIER)S1438-4639(18)30133-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 VZ 640 VZ 610 VZ 530 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Shoults, David C. verfasserin aut Decreased efficacy of UV inactivation of <ce:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</ce:italic> after multiple exposure and growth cycles 2019transfer abstract 6 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. <ce:italic>S. epidermidis</ce:italic> Elsevier UV resistance Elsevier Ultraviolet irradiation Elsevier <ce:italic>Staphylococcus</ce:italic> Elsevier Greywater reuse Elsevier <ce:italic>S. aureus</ce:italic> Elsevier Bacterial resistance Elsevier UV adaptation Elsevier Public health Elsevier <ce:italic>S. warneri</ce:italic> Elsevier Ashbolt, Nicholas J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Zhang, Wei ELSEVIER Apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced by S-alkenylmercaptocysteine (CySSR) species derived from Allium tissues in combination with sodium selenite 2014 official journal of the German Society of Hygiene, Environmental and Public Health Sciences (Gesellschaft für Hygiene, Umweltmedizin und Präventivmedizin, GHUP) München (DE-627)ELV017446082 volume:222 year:2019 number:1 pages:111-116 extent:6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U GBV_ILN_70 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 222 2019 1 111-116 6 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 doi GBV00000000000414.pica (DE-627)ELV044638566 (ELSEVIER)S1438-4639(18)30133-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 VZ 640 VZ 610 VZ 530 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Shoults, David C. verfasserin aut Decreased efficacy of UV inactivation of <ce:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</ce:italic> after multiple exposure and growth cycles 2019transfer abstract 6 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. <ce:italic>S. epidermidis</ce:italic> Elsevier UV resistance Elsevier Ultraviolet irradiation Elsevier <ce:italic>Staphylococcus</ce:italic> Elsevier Greywater reuse Elsevier <ce:italic>S. aureus</ce:italic> Elsevier Bacterial resistance Elsevier UV adaptation Elsevier Public health Elsevier <ce:italic>S. warneri</ce:italic> Elsevier Ashbolt, Nicholas J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Zhang, Wei ELSEVIER Apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced by S-alkenylmercaptocysteine (CySSR) species derived from Allium tissues in combination with sodium selenite 2014 official journal of the German Society of Hygiene, Environmental and Public Health Sciences (Gesellschaft für Hygiene, Umweltmedizin und Präventivmedizin, GHUP) München (DE-627)ELV017446082 volume:222 year:2019 number:1 pages:111-116 extent:6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U GBV_ILN_70 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 222 2019 1 111-116 6 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 doi GBV00000000000414.pica (DE-627)ELV044638566 (ELSEVIER)S1438-4639(18)30133-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 VZ 640 VZ 610 VZ 530 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Shoults, David C. verfasserin aut Decreased efficacy of UV inactivation of <ce:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</ce:italic> after multiple exposure and growth cycles 2019transfer abstract 6 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. <ce:italic>S. epidermidis</ce:italic> Elsevier UV resistance Elsevier Ultraviolet irradiation Elsevier <ce:italic>Staphylococcus</ce:italic> Elsevier Greywater reuse Elsevier <ce:italic>S. aureus</ce:italic> Elsevier Bacterial resistance Elsevier UV adaptation Elsevier Public health Elsevier <ce:italic>S. warneri</ce:italic> Elsevier Ashbolt, Nicholas J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Zhang, Wei ELSEVIER Apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced by S-alkenylmercaptocysteine (CySSR) species derived from Allium tissues in combination with sodium selenite 2014 official journal of the German Society of Hygiene, Environmental and Public Health Sciences (Gesellschaft für Hygiene, Umweltmedizin und Präventivmedizin, GHUP) München (DE-627)ELV017446082 volume:222 year:2019 number:1 pages:111-116 extent:6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U GBV_ILN_70 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 222 2019 1 111-116 6 |
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Enthalten in Apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced by S-alkenylmercaptocysteine (CySSR) species derived from Allium tissues in combination with sodium selenite München volume:222 year:2019 number:1 pages:111-116 extent:6 |
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Decreased efficacy of UV inactivation of <ce:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</ce:italic> after multiple exposure and growth cycles |
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UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. |
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UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log10 removal (P < 0.00000) by the 5th iteration. An eleven-point dose-response curve of the 7th iteration of S. aureus was estimated and compared to the dose-response curve of the original strain; due to a longer apparent shoulder period and a decay constant of lesser degree, the dose required for a 4-log reduction of the enriched S. aureus was estimated to be ∼1.9 times greater (22.0 mJ⋅cm−2 versus 11.8 mJ⋅cm−2). However, experimental results with S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) and two wild strains, S. aureus and S. warneri, exhibited no trend of increased resistance. UV doses exceeding 20 mJ⋅cm−2 are generally sufficient in achieving a 4-log reduction of bacteria in drinking water systems; however, the results exhibited in this study suggest that when recirculation is involved, there may be a need for UV doses exceeding what is necessary for a 4-log reduction to suppress the enrichment of strains which could pose a public health risk. |
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| title_short |
Decreased efficacy of UV inactivation of <ce:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</ce:italic> after multiple exposure and growth cycles |
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 |
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Ashbolt, Nicholas J. |
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10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007 |
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