Not all moissanites are created equal: New constraints on moissanite from metamorphic rocks of Bulgaria
Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Machev, P. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2018transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
10 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fossil fuel and renewable energy consumption - Kılıç Depren, Serpil ELSEVIER, 2022, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:498 ; year:2018 ; day:15 ; month:09 ; pages:387-396 ; extent:10 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 |
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ELV044763891 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Not all moissanites are created equal: New constraints on moissanite from metamorphic rocks of Bulgaria |
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| 520 | |a Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. | ||
| 520 | |a Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a 6H-SiC |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a moissanite (SiC) |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a polytypical zonation of SiC |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a 15R-SiC |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a metamorphic rocks |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a 3C-SiC polytypes |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a O'Bannon, E.F. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bozhilov, K.N. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Q. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Dobrzhinetskaya, L. |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000935.pica (DE-627)ELV044763891 (ELSEVIER)S0012-821X(18)30415-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 333.7 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.90 bkl 42.11 bkl Machev, P. verfasserin aut Not all moissanites are created equal: New constraints on moissanite from metamorphic rocks of Bulgaria 2018transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. 6H-SiC Elsevier moissanite (SiC) Elsevier polytypical zonation of SiC Elsevier 15R-SiC Elsevier metamorphic rocks Elsevier 3C-SiC polytypes Elsevier O'Bannon, E.F. oth Bozhilov, K.N. oth Wang, Q. oth Dobrzhinetskaya, L. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kılıç Depren, Serpil ELSEVIER Energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fossil fuel and renewable energy consumption 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008390509 volume:498 year:2018 day:15 month:09 pages:387-396 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA 42.90 Ökologie: Allgemeines VZ 42.11 Biomathematik Biokybernetik VZ AR 498 2018 15 0915 387-396 10 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000935.pica (DE-627)ELV044763891 (ELSEVIER)S0012-821X(18)30415-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 333.7 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.90 bkl 42.11 bkl Machev, P. verfasserin aut Not all moissanites are created equal: New constraints on moissanite from metamorphic rocks of Bulgaria 2018transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. 6H-SiC Elsevier moissanite (SiC) Elsevier polytypical zonation of SiC Elsevier 15R-SiC Elsevier metamorphic rocks Elsevier 3C-SiC polytypes Elsevier O'Bannon, E.F. oth Bozhilov, K.N. oth Wang, Q. oth Dobrzhinetskaya, L. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kılıç Depren, Serpil ELSEVIER Energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fossil fuel and renewable energy consumption 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008390509 volume:498 year:2018 day:15 month:09 pages:387-396 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA 42.90 Ökologie: Allgemeines VZ 42.11 Biomathematik Biokybernetik VZ AR 498 2018 15 0915 387-396 10 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000935.pica (DE-627)ELV044763891 (ELSEVIER)S0012-821X(18)30415-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 333.7 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.90 bkl 42.11 bkl Machev, P. verfasserin aut Not all moissanites are created equal: New constraints on moissanite from metamorphic rocks of Bulgaria 2018transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. 6H-SiC Elsevier moissanite (SiC) Elsevier polytypical zonation of SiC Elsevier 15R-SiC Elsevier metamorphic rocks Elsevier 3C-SiC polytypes Elsevier O'Bannon, E.F. oth Bozhilov, K.N. oth Wang, Q. oth Dobrzhinetskaya, L. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kılıç Depren, Serpil ELSEVIER Energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fossil fuel and renewable energy consumption 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008390509 volume:498 year:2018 day:15 month:09 pages:387-396 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA 42.90 Ökologie: Allgemeines VZ 42.11 Biomathematik Biokybernetik VZ AR 498 2018 15 0915 387-396 10 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000935.pica (DE-627)ELV044763891 (ELSEVIER)S0012-821X(18)30415-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 333.7 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 42.90 bkl 42.11 bkl Machev, P. verfasserin aut Not all moissanites are created equal: New constraints on moissanite from metamorphic rocks of Bulgaria 2018transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. 6H-SiC Elsevier moissanite (SiC) Elsevier polytypical zonation of SiC Elsevier 15R-SiC Elsevier metamorphic rocks Elsevier 3C-SiC polytypes Elsevier O'Bannon, E.F. oth Bozhilov, K.N. oth Wang, Q. oth Dobrzhinetskaya, L. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kılıç Depren, Serpil ELSEVIER Energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fossil fuel and renewable energy consumption 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008390509 volume:498 year:2018 day:15 month:09 pages:387-396 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA 42.90 Ökologie: Allgemeines VZ 42.11 Biomathematik Biokybernetik VZ AR 498 2018 15 0915 387-396 10 |
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The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. 6H-SiC Elsevier moissanite (SiC) Elsevier polytypical zonation of SiC Elsevier 15R-SiC Elsevier metamorphic rocks Elsevier 3C-SiC polytypes Elsevier O'Bannon, E.F. oth Bozhilov, K.N. oth Wang, Q. oth Dobrzhinetskaya, L. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kılıç Depren, Serpil ELSEVIER Energy consumption and environmental degradation nexus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fossil fuel and renewable energy consumption 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008390509 volume:498 year:2018 day:15 month:09 pages:387-396 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA 42.90 Ökologie: Allgemeines VZ 42.11 Biomathematik Biokybernetik VZ AR 498 2018 15 0915 387-396 10 |
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Not all moissanites are created equal: New constraints on moissanite from metamorphic rocks of Bulgaria |
| abstract |
Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. |
| abstractGer |
Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Terrestrial moissanite (SiC) is widely reported as an ultra-high pressure mineral occurring in kimberlites, diamonds and ultramafic/mafic rocks of mantle origin. However, the conditions of crystallization remain largely unknown. Moreover, dozens of SiC occurrences have been reported from continental crust sources such as granitoids, andesite–dacite volcanic rocks and their breccia, metasomatic and metamorphic rocks, and even limestones. The validity of many of these reports is still debated primarily due to possible contaminations from the widespread use of synthetic SiC abrasives in samples preparation. Indeed, reports of well-documented in-situ occurrences of moissanite in association with co-existing minerals are still scarce. The only condition of moissanite formation that is agreed upon is that extremely reducing media are required (e.g. 4.5–6 log units below the iron-wustite buffer). Here, we report the new occurrence of moissanite that was found in-situ within the garnet–staurolite–mica schists of Topolovgrad metamorphic group of Triassic age in Southern Bulgaria. The 10–300 μm moissanite crystals are situated within 0.1–1.2 mm isolated clusters, filled with amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline graphite. Most of moissanite crystals are 15R (rhombohedral) and 6H (hexagonal) polytypes, and one prismatic crystal, found within them, exhibits unusual concentric polytypical zoning with core (15R), intermediate zone (6H) and rim (3C-cubic). Experimental data show that this type of polytypical zonation is likely due to a decrease in temperature (or/and pressure?) and changes in Si/C ratio. Indeed, amphibolite facies metamorphism (500–580 °C – garnet–staurolite zone) followed by a subsequent cooling during the retrograde stage of green schist facies metamorphism (∼400–500 °C) could have provided a change in temperature. The SiC containing clusters exhibit evidence that they are pre-metamorphic, and we hypothesize that their protolith was a “black shale” material likely rich in carbon, hydrocarbon and terrigenous silica. The latter served as a source of isolated chemically-reduced media, which is required for SiC formation. Other concepts to explain moissanite occurrences in metasedimentary rocks are also discussed. Importantly, our findings show that the formation conditions of moissanite are likely more variable than previously recognized. |
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| title_short |
Not all moissanites are created equal: New constraints on moissanite from metamorphic rocks of Bulgaria |
| url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 |
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| author2 |
O'Bannon, E.F. Bozhilov, K.N. Wang, Q. Dobrzhinetskaya, L. |
| author2Str |
O'Bannon, E.F. Bozhilov, K.N. Wang, Q. Dobrzhinetskaya, L. |
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| doi_str |
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.009 |
| up_date |
2024-07-06T22:21:20.430Z |
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7.3996916 |