The influence of metallurgical state of substrate on the efficiency of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on magnesium alloy
A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The t...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Martin, J. [verfasserIn] |
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Englisch |
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2019transfer abstract |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Industrial Tourism: Opportunities for City and Enterprise - 2011, s.l. |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:178 ; year:2019 ; day:15 ; month:09 ; pages:0 |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 |
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520 | |a A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). | ||
520 | |a A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). | ||
700 | 1 | |a Nominé, A.V. |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Stef, J. |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Nominé, A. |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Zou, J.X. |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Henrion, G. |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Grosdidier, T. |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000661.pica (DE-627)ELV047183446 (ELSEVIER)S0264-1275(19)30297-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 380 VZ 610 VZ 530 510 000 VZ 33.06 bkl Martin, J. verfasserin aut The influence of metallurgical state of substrate on the efficiency of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on magnesium alloy 2019transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). Nominé, A.V. oth Stef, J. oth Nominé, A. oth Zou, J.X. oth Henrion, G. oth Grosdidier, T. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Industrial Tourism: Opportunities for City and Enterprise 2011 s.l. (DE-627)ELV036319309 volume:178 year:2019 day:15 month:09 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-MAT 33.06 Mathematische Methoden der Physik VZ AR 178 2019 15 0915 0 |
spelling |
10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000661.pica (DE-627)ELV047183446 (ELSEVIER)S0264-1275(19)30297-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 380 VZ 610 VZ 530 510 000 VZ 33.06 bkl Martin, J. verfasserin aut The influence of metallurgical state of substrate on the efficiency of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on magnesium alloy 2019transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). Nominé, A.V. oth Stef, J. oth Nominé, A. oth Zou, J.X. oth Henrion, G. oth Grosdidier, T. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Industrial Tourism: Opportunities for City and Enterprise 2011 s.l. (DE-627)ELV036319309 volume:178 year:2019 day:15 month:09 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-MAT 33.06 Mathematische Methoden der Physik VZ AR 178 2019 15 0915 0 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000661.pica (DE-627)ELV047183446 (ELSEVIER)S0264-1275(19)30297-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 380 VZ 610 VZ 530 510 000 VZ 33.06 bkl Martin, J. verfasserin aut The influence of metallurgical state of substrate on the efficiency of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on magnesium alloy 2019transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). Nominé, A.V. oth Stef, J. oth Nominé, A. oth Zou, J.X. oth Henrion, G. oth Grosdidier, T. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Industrial Tourism: Opportunities for City and Enterprise 2011 s.l. (DE-627)ELV036319309 volume:178 year:2019 day:15 month:09 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-MAT 33.06 Mathematische Methoden der Physik VZ AR 178 2019 15 0915 0 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000661.pica (DE-627)ELV047183446 (ELSEVIER)S0264-1275(19)30297-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 380 VZ 610 VZ 530 510 000 VZ 33.06 bkl Martin, J. verfasserin aut The influence of metallurgical state of substrate on the efficiency of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on magnesium alloy 2019transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). Nominé, A.V. oth Stef, J. oth Nominé, A. oth Zou, J.X. oth Henrion, G. oth Grosdidier, T. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Industrial Tourism: Opportunities for City and Enterprise 2011 s.l. (DE-627)ELV036319309 volume:178 year:2019 day:15 month:09 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-MAT 33.06 Mathematische Methoden der Physik VZ AR 178 2019 15 0915 0 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000661.pica (DE-627)ELV047183446 (ELSEVIER)S0264-1275(19)30297-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 380 VZ 610 VZ 530 510 000 VZ 33.06 bkl Martin, J. verfasserin aut The influence of metallurgical state of substrate on the efficiency of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on magnesium alloy 2019transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). Nominé, A.V. oth Stef, J. oth Nominé, A. oth Zou, J.X. oth Henrion, G. oth Grosdidier, T. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Industrial Tourism: Opportunities for City and Enterprise 2011 s.l. (DE-627)ELV036319309 volume:178 year:2019 day:15 month:09 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107859 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-MAT 33.06 Mathematische Methoden der Physik VZ AR 178 2019 15 0915 0 |
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influence of metallurgical state of substrate on the efficiency of plasma electrolytic oxidation (peo) process on magnesium alloy |
title_auth |
The influence of metallurgical state of substrate on the efficiency of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on magnesium alloy |
abstract |
A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). |
abstractGer |
A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). |
abstract_unstemmed |
A Gd,Y rare-earth containing magnesium alloy (content in weight %, 10 Gd, 3 Y, 0.4 Zr and Mg as balance) is PEO processed for three different metallurgical states: (i) as-extruded, (ii) T4 solution (2 h at 500 °C) and (iii) T6 peak-aged precipitation (2 h at 500 °C followed by 14 h at 225 °C). The thickest coating combined with the lowest porosity is achieved for the softest solid solution T4 treated substrate resulting in the development of a harder oxide coating. The presence of Mg(GdY)-like precipitates for the precipitating T6 condition is correlated with the appearance of cathodic micro-discharges that are known to damage the growing PEO oxide layer on magnesium. Particularly, results evidence that local segregated bands of precipitates are facing large discharge channels through the PEO coating suggesting the local ignition of strong cathodic micro-discharges. The proposed explanation consists in considering the relationship between the presence of precipitates and the isoelectric point IEP of the oxide surface with respect to the electrolyte pH. This study proves that the successful development of protective PEO coatings requires the right management of the process parameters (electrolyte chemistry, electrical conditions) together with an adequate attention to the substrate pre-treatment (mainly the metallurgical heat treatment). |
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The influence of metallurgical state of substrate on the efficiency of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process on magnesium alloy |
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