Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard
The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about t...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Rakib, M.I. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2020transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
9 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Technologies and practice of CO - HU, Yongle ELSEVIER, 2019, an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:146 ; year:2020 ; pages:1134-1142 ; extent:9 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
ELV048449059 |
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| 520 | |a The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. | ||
| 520 | |a The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. | ||
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10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000808.pica (DE-627)ELV048449059 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(19)31078-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rakib, M.I. verfasserin aut Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard 2020transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. Urban wind resource Elsevier IEC standard Elsevier Gusts Elsevier Extreme operating gust Elsevier Evans, S.P. oth Clausen, P.D. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:146 year:2020 pages:1134-1142 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 146 2020 1134-1142 9 |
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10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000808.pica (DE-627)ELV048449059 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(19)31078-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rakib, M.I. verfasserin aut Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard 2020transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. Urban wind resource Elsevier IEC standard Elsevier Gusts Elsevier Extreme operating gust Elsevier Evans, S.P. oth Clausen, P.D. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:146 year:2020 pages:1134-1142 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 146 2020 1134-1142 9 |
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10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000808.pica (DE-627)ELV048449059 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(19)31078-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rakib, M.I. verfasserin aut Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard 2020transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. Urban wind resource Elsevier IEC standard Elsevier Gusts Elsevier Extreme operating gust Elsevier Evans, S.P. oth Clausen, P.D. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:146 year:2020 pages:1134-1142 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 146 2020 1134-1142 9 |
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10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000808.pica (DE-627)ELV048449059 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(19)31078-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rakib, M.I. verfasserin aut Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard 2020transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. Urban wind resource Elsevier IEC standard Elsevier Gusts Elsevier Extreme operating gust Elsevier Evans, S.P. oth Clausen, P.D. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:146 year:2020 pages:1134-1142 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 146 2020 1134-1142 9 |
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10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000000808.pica (DE-627)ELV048449059 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(19)31078-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rakib, M.I. verfasserin aut Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard 2020transfer abstract 9 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. Urban wind resource Elsevier IEC standard Elsevier Gusts Elsevier Extreme operating gust Elsevier Evans, S.P. oth Clausen, P.D. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:146 year:2020 pages:1134-1142 extent:9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 146 2020 1134-1142 9 |
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| author |
Rakib, M.I. |
| spellingShingle |
Rakib, M.I. Elsevier Urban wind resource Elsevier IEC standard Elsevier Gusts Elsevier Extreme operating gust Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard |
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Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard Urban wind resource Elsevier IEC standard Elsevier Gusts Elsevier Extreme operating gust Elsevier |
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Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard |
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Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard |
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10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 |
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measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the iec standard |
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Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard |
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The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. |
| abstractGer |
The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
The installation of small wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) modules in the built environment requires a detailed understanding of wind resources to maximise turbine power output and minimise damage due to wind loading. While urban sites are known to be highly turbulent, less is known about the composition and frequency of gust events. To date a number of catastrophic wind turbine and solar PV structural failures have resulted from inadequate design for extreme gust events. In this study a 12 month wind resource measurement campaign was undertaken at an urban site. Gust events that satisfied the IEC 61400.2–2013 definition of an annual extreme operating gust were found to occur 100 times during the 12 months interval. These events had a 23% higher mean amplitude, and 21% shorter rise-and-fall time than that assumed by the standard. In addition, a site gust factor of 1.76 was determined, a value 26% higher than given in IEC 61400.2–2013. Consequently, IEC 61400.2–2013 appears not to predict the frequency and amplitude of extreme gust events at this given site suggesting there exists a risk that structural components may be under-designed for installation in urban sites. |
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Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard |
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058 |
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Evans, S.P. Clausen, P.D. |
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