Structure, martensitic transformations and mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing
The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microst...
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Resnina, N. [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
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2021transfer abstract |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of people: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners - Jacobs, Jacquelyn A. ELSEVIER, 2017, JAL : an interdisciplinary journal of materials science and solid-state chemistry and physics, Lausanne |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:851 ; year:2021 ; day:15 ; month:01 ; pages:0 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 |
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ELV051645920 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Structure, martensitic transformations and mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing |
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| 520 | |a The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. | ||
| 520 | |a The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Shape memory alloys |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a NiTi |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Martensitic transformation |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Additive manufacturing |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wire arc additive manufacturing |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Palani, I.A. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Belyaev, S. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Prabu, S.S. Mani |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liulchak, P. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Karaseva, U. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Manikandan, M. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jayachandran, S. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bryukhanova, V. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sahu, Anshu |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bikbaev, R. |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier |a Jacobs, Jacquelyn A. ELSEVIER |t Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of people: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners |d 2017 |d JAL : an interdisciplinary journal of materials science and solid-state chemistry and physics |g Lausanne |w (DE-627)ELV001115774 |
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10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001914.pica (DE-627)ELV051645920 (ELSEVIER)S0925-8388(20)33215-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 VZ Resnina, N. verfasserin aut Structure, martensitic transformations and mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. Shape memory alloys Elsevier NiTi Elsevier Martensitic transformation Elsevier Additive manufacturing Elsevier Wire arc additive manufacturing Elsevier Palani, I.A. oth Belyaev, S. oth Prabu, S.S. Mani oth Liulchak, P. oth Karaseva, U. oth Manikandan, M. oth Jayachandran, S. oth Bryukhanova, V. oth Sahu, Anshu oth Bikbaev, R. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Jacobs, Jacquelyn A. ELSEVIER Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of people: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners 2017 JAL : an interdisciplinary journal of materials science and solid-state chemistry and physics Lausanne (DE-627)ELV001115774 volume:851 year:2021 day:15 month:01 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 851 2021 15 0115 0 |
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10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001914.pica (DE-627)ELV051645920 (ELSEVIER)S0925-8388(20)33215-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 VZ Resnina, N. verfasserin aut Structure, martensitic transformations and mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. Shape memory alloys Elsevier NiTi Elsevier Martensitic transformation Elsevier Additive manufacturing Elsevier Wire arc additive manufacturing Elsevier Palani, I.A. oth Belyaev, S. oth Prabu, S.S. Mani oth Liulchak, P. oth Karaseva, U. oth Manikandan, M. oth Jayachandran, S. oth Bryukhanova, V. oth Sahu, Anshu oth Bikbaev, R. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Jacobs, Jacquelyn A. ELSEVIER Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of people: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners 2017 JAL : an interdisciplinary journal of materials science and solid-state chemistry and physics Lausanne (DE-627)ELV001115774 volume:851 year:2021 day:15 month:01 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 851 2021 15 0115 0 |
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10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001914.pica (DE-627)ELV051645920 (ELSEVIER)S0925-8388(20)33215-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 VZ Resnina, N. verfasserin aut Structure, martensitic transformations and mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. Shape memory alloys Elsevier NiTi Elsevier Martensitic transformation Elsevier Additive manufacturing Elsevier Wire arc additive manufacturing Elsevier Palani, I.A. oth Belyaev, S. oth Prabu, S.S. Mani oth Liulchak, P. oth Karaseva, U. oth Manikandan, M. oth Jayachandran, S. oth Bryukhanova, V. oth Sahu, Anshu oth Bikbaev, R. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Jacobs, Jacquelyn A. ELSEVIER Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of people: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners 2017 JAL : an interdisciplinary journal of materials science and solid-state chemistry and physics Lausanne (DE-627)ELV001115774 volume:851 year:2021 day:15 month:01 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 851 2021 15 0115 0 |
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10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001914.pica (DE-627)ELV051645920 (ELSEVIER)S0925-8388(20)33215-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 VZ Resnina, N. verfasserin aut Structure, martensitic transformations and mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. Shape memory alloys Elsevier NiTi Elsevier Martensitic transformation Elsevier Additive manufacturing Elsevier Wire arc additive manufacturing Elsevier Palani, I.A. oth Belyaev, S. oth Prabu, S.S. Mani oth Liulchak, P. oth Karaseva, U. oth Manikandan, M. oth Jayachandran, S. oth Bryukhanova, V. oth Sahu, Anshu oth Bikbaev, R. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Jacobs, Jacquelyn A. ELSEVIER Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of people: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners 2017 JAL : an interdisciplinary journal of materials science and solid-state chemistry and physics Lausanne (DE-627)ELV001115774 volume:851 year:2021 day:15 month:01 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 851 2021 15 0115 0 |
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10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001914.pica (DE-627)ELV051645920 (ELSEVIER)S0925-8388(20)33215-1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 VZ Resnina, N. verfasserin aut Structure, martensitic transformations and mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. Shape memory alloys Elsevier NiTi Elsevier Martensitic transformation Elsevier Additive manufacturing Elsevier Wire arc additive manufacturing Elsevier Palani, I.A. oth Belyaev, S. oth Prabu, S.S. Mani oth Liulchak, P. oth Karaseva, U. oth Manikandan, M. oth Jayachandran, S. oth Bryukhanova, V. oth Sahu, Anshu oth Bikbaev, R. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Jacobs, Jacquelyn A. ELSEVIER Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of people: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners 2017 JAL : an interdisciplinary journal of materials science and solid-state chemistry and physics Lausanne (DE-627)ELV001115774 volume:851 year:2021 day:15 month:01 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156851 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 851 2021 15 0115 0 |
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Factors associated with canine resource guarding behaviour in the presence of people: A cross-sectional survey of dog owners |
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Structure, martensitic transformations and mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing |
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The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. |
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The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. |
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The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process has been employed to deposit 5-layered NiTi alloy on the Titanium substrate using Ni50.9Ti49.1 wire as the feedstock. The heterogeneity of the piled up layers has been evaluated in terms of the variation in microstructure, composition and phases present. The melting of the Ti substrate under the first layer led to a substantial increase in Ti concentration in the melt during the deposition of the first layer and facilitated the formation of Ti-rich NiTi/Ti2Ni mixture during the solidification. In the 2nd – 5th layers columnar grains appeared in the inner space, whereas equiaxed grains formed on the top of the layers. The chemical composition of the 1st – 3rd layers differed from the nominal composition of the feedstock wire i.e. the layers in proximity of the substrate had lesser Ni concentration. As the result, the temperatures of the B2 ↔ B19’ martensitic transformation were different across the layers and the start temperature of the forward transformation changed from 73 °C (1st layer) to −16 °C (5th layer). Using the EDX and calorimetric data, the Ni distribution in each layer was determined and its influence on the martensitic transformation temperatures was discussed in detail. The difference in Ni concentration has made various layers to be present in different states (martensite or austenite) at room temperature. In this case, the layers (2–4) were deformed by different mechanisms during tension at room temperature. The deformation of the layers by reversible mechanisms was confirmed by the shape memory effect on heating of the pre-deformed NiTi sample produced by WAAM. |
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