Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions
Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of b...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Fang, Jun [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
10 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Technologies and practice of CO - HU, Yongle ELSEVIER, 2019, an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:167 ; year:2021 ; pages:32-41 ; extent:10 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 |
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ELV052737780 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2021transfer abstract | |
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| 520 | |a Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. | ||
| 520 | |a Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Ethanol |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Thermochemical liquefaction |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Bio-oil |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Cattle manure |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Zhuangzhuang |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Luan, Hui |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Liu, Fen |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yuan, Xingzhong |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Long, Shundong |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Andong |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ma, Yong |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xiao, Zhihua |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier Science |a HU, Yongle ELSEVIER |t Technologies and practice of CO |d 2019 |d an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network |g Amsterdam [u.a.] |w (DE-627)ELV002723662 |
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10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001275.pica (DE-627)ELV052737780 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(20)31774-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fang, Jun verfasserin aut Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions 2021transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Ethanol Elsevier Thermochemical liquefaction Elsevier Bio-oil Elsevier Cattle manure Elsevier Liu, Zhuangzhuang oth Luan, Hui oth Liu, Fen oth Yuan, Xingzhong oth Long, Shundong oth Wang, Andong oth Ma, Yong oth Xiao, Zhihua oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:167 year:2021 pages:32-41 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 167 2021 32-41 10 |
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10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001275.pica (DE-627)ELV052737780 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(20)31774-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fang, Jun verfasserin aut Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions 2021transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Ethanol Elsevier Thermochemical liquefaction Elsevier Bio-oil Elsevier Cattle manure Elsevier Liu, Zhuangzhuang oth Luan, Hui oth Liu, Fen oth Yuan, Xingzhong oth Long, Shundong oth Wang, Andong oth Ma, Yong oth Xiao, Zhihua oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:167 year:2021 pages:32-41 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 167 2021 32-41 10 |
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10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001275.pica (DE-627)ELV052737780 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(20)31774-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fang, Jun verfasserin aut Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions 2021transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Ethanol Elsevier Thermochemical liquefaction Elsevier Bio-oil Elsevier Cattle manure Elsevier Liu, Zhuangzhuang oth Luan, Hui oth Liu, Fen oth Yuan, Xingzhong oth Long, Shundong oth Wang, Andong oth Ma, Yong oth Xiao, Zhihua oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:167 year:2021 pages:32-41 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 167 2021 32-41 10 |
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10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001275.pica (DE-627)ELV052737780 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(20)31774-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fang, Jun verfasserin aut Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions 2021transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Ethanol Elsevier Thermochemical liquefaction Elsevier Bio-oil Elsevier Cattle manure Elsevier Liu, Zhuangzhuang oth Luan, Hui oth Liu, Fen oth Yuan, Xingzhong oth Long, Shundong oth Wang, Andong oth Ma, Yong oth Xiao, Zhihua oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:167 year:2021 pages:32-41 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 167 2021 32-41 10 |
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10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001275.pica (DE-627)ELV052737780 (ELSEVIER)S0960-1481(20)31774-2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Fang, Jun verfasserin aut Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions 2021transfer abstract 10 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. Ethanol Elsevier Thermochemical liquefaction Elsevier Bio-oil Elsevier Cattle manure Elsevier Liu, Zhuangzhuang oth Luan, Hui oth Liu, Fen oth Yuan, Xingzhong oth Long, Shundong oth Wang, Andong oth Ma, Yong oth Xiao, Zhihua oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science HU, Yongle ELSEVIER Technologies and practice of CO 2019 an international journal : the official journal of WREN, The World Renewable Energy Network Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV002723662 volume:167 year:2021 pages:32-41 extent:10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.033 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U AR 167 2021 32-41 10 |
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thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions |
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Thermochemical liquefaction of cattle manure using ethanol as solvent: Effects of temperature on bio-oil yields and chemical compositions |
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Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. |
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Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. |
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Cattle manure was converted into bio-oil via sub- and super-critical liquefaction with ethanol as the solvent. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature (T, 180–300 °C), solid-liquid ratio (S 1 , 5–15%), and solvent filling ratios (S 2 , 10–30%) on the yield of bio-oil (OCM) and residue (RCM) from liquefaction of cattle manure were studied. The yield of bio-oil was positively correlated to reaction temperature suggesting higher reaction temperature could promote the fragmentation of the polymers transformed into a liquid oil-rich phase and the maximum OCM relative yield (32.14 ± 0.19%) was obtained at 300 °C. OCM had HHV of 25.63–33.41 MJ/kg and LHV of 23.85–31.39 MJ/kg, respectively, suggesting their potential for use as a renewable energy to replace fossil energy. The GC-MS analyses demonstrated that the major compounds in OCM were esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenolic compounds, nitrogenous and bromine components, the compositions of OCM was similar to that of biodiesel. The presence of ester compounds in OCM which was attributed to the degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Carbon-normal paraffin gram (C-NP) analysis indicated that C18 and C20 species comprised the bulk of the hydrocarbon compounds from OCM. |
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