Insights into valuing the aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges,...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
SundarRajan, P. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the squares test for manual dexterity in people with Parkinson’s disease - Soke, Fatih ELSEVIER, 2019, an international journal, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:144 ; year:2021 ; pages:0 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 |
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ELV053914910 |
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| 520 | |a Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. | ||
| 520 | |a Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Thermochemical |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Hydrothermal liquefaction |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Recycle |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Valorise |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Biomass |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Aqueous phase |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Commercialization |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Gopinath, K.P. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Arun, J. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a GracePavithra, K. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Adithya Joseph, A. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Manasa, S. |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001560.pica (DE-627)ELV053914910 (ELSEVIER)S1364-0321(21)00309-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.90 bkl 44.65 bkl SundarRajan, P. verfasserin aut Insights into valuing the aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Thermochemical Elsevier Hydrothermal liquefaction Elsevier Recycle Elsevier Valorise Elsevier Biomass Elsevier Post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater Elsevier Aqueous phase Elsevier Commercialization Elsevier Gopinath, K.P. oth Arun, J. oth GracePavithra, K. oth Adithya Joseph, A. oth Manasa, S. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Soke, Fatih ELSEVIER Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the squares test for manual dexterity in people with Parkinson’s disease 2019 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003073483 volume:144 year:2021 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.90 Neurologie VZ 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 144 2021 0 |
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10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001560.pica (DE-627)ELV053914910 (ELSEVIER)S1364-0321(21)00309-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.90 bkl 44.65 bkl SundarRajan, P. verfasserin aut Insights into valuing the aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Thermochemical Elsevier Hydrothermal liquefaction Elsevier Recycle Elsevier Valorise Elsevier Biomass Elsevier Post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater Elsevier Aqueous phase Elsevier Commercialization Elsevier Gopinath, K.P. oth Arun, J. oth GracePavithra, K. oth Adithya Joseph, A. oth Manasa, S. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Soke, Fatih ELSEVIER Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the squares test for manual dexterity in people with Parkinson’s disease 2019 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003073483 volume:144 year:2021 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.90 Neurologie VZ 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 144 2021 0 |
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10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001560.pica (DE-627)ELV053914910 (ELSEVIER)S1364-0321(21)00309-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.90 bkl 44.65 bkl SundarRajan, P. verfasserin aut Insights into valuing the aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Thermochemical Elsevier Hydrothermal liquefaction Elsevier Recycle Elsevier Valorise Elsevier Biomass Elsevier Post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater Elsevier Aqueous phase Elsevier Commercialization Elsevier Gopinath, K.P. oth Arun, J. oth GracePavithra, K. oth Adithya Joseph, A. oth Manasa, S. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Soke, Fatih ELSEVIER Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the squares test for manual dexterity in people with Parkinson’s disease 2019 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003073483 volume:144 year:2021 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.90 Neurologie VZ 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 144 2021 0 |
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10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001560.pica (DE-627)ELV053914910 (ELSEVIER)S1364-0321(21)00309-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.90 bkl 44.65 bkl SundarRajan, P. verfasserin aut Insights into valuing the aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Thermochemical Elsevier Hydrothermal liquefaction Elsevier Recycle Elsevier Valorise Elsevier Biomass Elsevier Post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater Elsevier Aqueous phase Elsevier Commercialization Elsevier Gopinath, K.P. oth Arun, J. oth GracePavithra, K. oth Adithya Joseph, A. oth Manasa, S. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Soke, Fatih ELSEVIER Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the squares test for manual dexterity in people with Parkinson’s disease 2019 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003073483 volume:144 year:2021 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.90 Neurologie VZ 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 144 2021 0 |
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10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001560.pica (DE-627)ELV053914910 (ELSEVIER)S1364-0321(21)00309-9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 VZ 44.90 bkl 44.65 bkl SundarRajan, P. verfasserin aut Insights into valuing the aqueous phase derived from hydrothermal liquefaction 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. Thermochemical Elsevier Hydrothermal liquefaction Elsevier Recycle Elsevier Valorise Elsevier Biomass Elsevier Post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater Elsevier Aqueous phase Elsevier Commercialization Elsevier Gopinath, K.P. oth Arun, J. oth GracePavithra, K. oth Adithya Joseph, A. oth Manasa, S. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Soke, Fatih ELSEVIER Reliability, validity and responsiveness of the squares test for manual dexterity in people with Parkinson’s disease 2019 an international journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV003073483 volume:144 year:2021 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111019 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 44.90 Neurologie VZ 44.65 Chirurgie VZ AR 144 2021 0 |
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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. |
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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. |
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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a wet-thermochemical conversion technology that was used to convert biomass into bio-crude oil. Commercialization of the HTL technology faces drawbacks due to product stability, by-products generation and working area. In order to overcome these challenges, this review especially focuses on possible pathways to valorise and recover nutrients from post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (PHWW) that was obtained during the HTL process. Numerous studies were reported on bio-oil production from biomasses like algae, forest and agriculture residues, etc at a temperature range of 240–320 °C at time of 30–60 min. Apart from bio-oil, nearly 25 to 50 wt% of aqueous phase was generated, disposal of this aqueous phase is hectic since it comprised of low molecular weight acid compounds. In this study, the composition of PHWW and possible routes (biological and thermochemical pathways) to valorise it were discussed in detail. In addition, recycle and reutilization of PHWW were reviewed with recent findings. From the review, the use of anaerobic digestion as a detoxify step prior to microalgae cultivation resulted in decreasing the fresh water dilution from 20 × to 4 × and improved the energy output from 3.44 to 20.7 kJ g⁻1 COD. This review will provide new insights towards closed circular approach opportunities in thermochemical pathways during sustainable energy production. |
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