Response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes and related microorganisms to different heavy metals in activated sludge
With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistan...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Sun, Fulin [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
E-Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2021transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
Heavy metal resistant microorganisms |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality - Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER, 2022, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:300 ; year:2021 ; day:15 ; month:12 ; pages:0 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 |
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ELV055469612 |
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| 520 | |a With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. | ||
| 520 | |a With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Heavy metal resistant microorganisms |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Heavy metal resistance genes |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Antibiotic resistance genes |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Antibiotic resistant microorganisms |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Heavy metal |2 Elsevier | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Fan, Leilei |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001885.pica (DE-627)ELV055469612 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(21)01816-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Sun, Fulin verfasserin aut Response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes and related microorganisms to different heavy metals in activated sludge 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. Heavy metal resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal Elsevier Xu, Zhantang oth Fan, Leilei oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:300 year:2021 day:15 month:12 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 300 2021 15 1215 0 |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001885.pica (DE-627)ELV055469612 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(21)01816-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Sun, Fulin verfasserin aut Response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes and related microorganisms to different heavy metals in activated sludge 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. Heavy metal resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal Elsevier Xu, Zhantang oth Fan, Leilei oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:300 year:2021 day:15 month:12 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 300 2021 15 1215 0 |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001885.pica (DE-627)ELV055469612 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(21)01816-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Sun, Fulin verfasserin aut Response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes and related microorganisms to different heavy metals in activated sludge 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. Heavy metal resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal Elsevier Xu, Zhantang oth Fan, Leilei oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:300 year:2021 day:15 month:12 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 300 2021 15 1215 0 |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001885.pica (DE-627)ELV055469612 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(21)01816-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Sun, Fulin verfasserin aut Response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes and related microorganisms to different heavy metals in activated sludge 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. Heavy metal resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal Elsevier Xu, Zhantang oth Fan, Leilei oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:300 year:2021 day:15 month:12 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 300 2021 15 1215 0 |
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10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001885.pica (DE-627)ELV055469612 (ELSEVIER)S0301-4797(21)01816-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 300 VZ 70.00 bkl 71.00 bkl Sun, Fulin verfasserin aut Response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes and related microorganisms to different heavy metals in activated sludge 2021transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. Heavy metal resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistance genes Elsevier Antibiotic resistant microorganisms Elsevier Heavy metal Elsevier Xu, Zhantang oth Fan, Leilei oth Enthalten in Elsevier Ren, Chunhui ELSEVIER Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in black-white earnings inequality 2022 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008002754 volume:300 year:2021 day:15 month:12 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113754 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 70.00 Sozialwissenschaften allgemein: Allgemeines VZ 71.00 Soziologie: Allgemeines VZ AR 300 2021 15 1215 0 |
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response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes and related microorganisms to different heavy metals in activated sludge |
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Response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes and related microorganisms to different heavy metals in activated sludge |
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With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. |
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With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. |
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With the recent growing interest of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their co-selection with heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), their relationship to heavy metals needs further analysis. This study examined the response of heavy metal resistant microorganisms (HMRMs) and antibiotic resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and their resistance genes (HMRGs and ARGs) to Cu and Cr stresses using metagenome. Results showed that Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Nitrospirae are the dominant HMRMs and ARMs, with majority of HMRMs taxa presenting changes similar to ARMs under heavy metal stresses. Types of HMRGs and ARGs changed (increased or decreased) under Cu and Cr stresses, and a significant relationship was noted between HMRGs and ARGs and their related microbe (p < 0.05). Network analysis revealed synergistic relationships between majority of HMRGs and ARGs; however, negative correlations were also noted between them. Co-occurrence of HMRGs and ARGs was mainly observed in chromosomes, and plasmids were found to provide limited opportunities for heavy metals to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection. These findings imply that the response of HMRMs and ARMs is induced by heavy metals, and that the changes in these microbial communities are the main factor driving the diversity and abundance of HMRGs and ARGs. |
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