Sex-related differences in the pharmacological treatment of heart failure
Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those w...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Tamargo, Juan [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022transfer abstract |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Monitoring antioxidants by coulometry: Quantitative assessment of the strikingly high antioxidant capacity of bergamot ( - Siano, Francesco ELSEVIER, 2022, an international review journal, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:229 ; year:2022 ; pages:0 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 |
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| 520 | |a Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. | ||
| 520 | |a Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. | ||
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10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001638.pica (DE-627)ELV056447450 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(21)00093-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Tamargo, Juan verfasserin aut Sex-related differences in the pharmacological treatment of heart failure 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Caballero, Ricardo oth Delpón, Eva oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Siano, Francesco ELSEVIER Monitoring antioxidants by coulometry: Quantitative assessment of the strikingly high antioxidant capacity of bergamot ( 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008608350 volume:229 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 35.00 Chemie: Allgemeines VZ AR 229 2022 0 |
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10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001638.pica (DE-627)ELV056447450 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(21)00093-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Tamargo, Juan verfasserin aut Sex-related differences in the pharmacological treatment of heart failure 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Caballero, Ricardo oth Delpón, Eva oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Siano, Francesco ELSEVIER Monitoring antioxidants by coulometry: Quantitative assessment of the strikingly high antioxidant capacity of bergamot ( 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008608350 volume:229 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 35.00 Chemie: Allgemeines VZ AR 229 2022 0 |
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10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001638.pica (DE-627)ELV056447450 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(21)00093-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Tamargo, Juan verfasserin aut Sex-related differences in the pharmacological treatment of heart failure 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Caballero, Ricardo oth Delpón, Eva oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Siano, Francesco ELSEVIER Monitoring antioxidants by coulometry: Quantitative assessment of the strikingly high antioxidant capacity of bergamot ( 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008608350 volume:229 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 35.00 Chemie: Allgemeines VZ AR 229 2022 0 |
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10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001638.pica (DE-627)ELV056447450 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(21)00093-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Tamargo, Juan verfasserin aut Sex-related differences in the pharmacological treatment of heart failure 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Caballero, Ricardo oth Delpón, Eva oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Siano, Francesco ELSEVIER Monitoring antioxidants by coulometry: Quantitative assessment of the strikingly high antioxidant capacity of bergamot ( 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008608350 volume:229 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 35.00 Chemie: Allgemeines VZ AR 229 2022 0 |
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10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001638.pica (DE-627)ELV056447450 (ELSEVIER)S0163-7258(21)00093-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 VZ 35.00 bkl Tamargo, Juan verfasserin aut Sex-related differences in the pharmacological treatment of heart failure 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. Caballero, Ricardo oth Delpón, Eva oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Siano, Francesco ELSEVIER Monitoring antioxidants by coulometry: Quantitative assessment of the strikingly high antioxidant capacity of bergamot ( 2022 an international review journal Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV008608350 volume:229 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107891 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA 35.00 Chemie: Allgemeines VZ AR 229 2022 0 |
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However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. 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Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. |
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Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. |
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Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent approximately a quarter of people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while they account for over half of those with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). There are also sex-related differences (SRDs) in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of some guideline-recommended drugs for the treatment of HF. As compared with men, women with HFrEF are less often treated with guideline-recommended HF drugs, experience more frequent and severe adverse reactions when these drugs are prescribed at the same doses in both sexes, and recent evidence suggests that women might need lower doses than men, bringing into question which are the optimal doses of HF drugs in women and men separately. However, information on SRDs in drug efficacy and safety in patients with HFrEF is very limited due to the underrepresentation of women and the lack of sex-specific evaluations of drug efficacy and safety in HF clinical trials. As a consequence, current clinical guidelines do not provide sex-specific recommendations, even when significant differences exist, at least, in drug safety. The aim of this article is to review the SRDs in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended HF drugs and to identify emerging areas of research to improve our understanding of the SRDs, because a better understanding of these differences is the first step to achieve a personalized treatment of HF in women and men. |
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