Wind-driven rain exposure on building envelopes taking into account frequency distribution and correlation with different wall orientations
Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Kim, Sughwan [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Integration-free reprogramming of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells into induced pluripotent stem cells IHSTMi001-A - Li, Huilin ELSEVIER, 2018, the international journal of building science and its applications, New York, NY [u.a.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:209 ; year:2022 ; day:1 ; month:02 ; pages:0 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 |
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ELV056503083 |
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| 520 | |a Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. | ||
| 520 | |a Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Reference year |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wind-driven rain |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Moisture source |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Semi-empirical method |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Building envelope |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zirkelbach, Daniel |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Künzel, Hartwig M. |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier |a Li, Huilin ELSEVIER |t Integration-free reprogramming of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells into induced pluripotent stem cells IHSTMi001-A |d 2018 |d the international journal of building science and its applications |g New York, NY [u.a.] |w (DE-627)ELV000477206 |
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10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001694.pica (DE-627)ELV056503083 (ELSEVIER)S0360-1323(21)01055-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 VZ Kim, Sughwan verfasserin aut Wind-driven rain exposure on building envelopes taking into account frequency distribution and correlation with different wall orientations 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Reference year Elsevier Wind-driven rain Elsevier Moisture source Elsevier Semi-empirical method Elsevier Building envelope Elsevier Zirkelbach, Daniel oth Künzel, Hartwig M. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Li, Huilin ELSEVIER Integration-free reprogramming of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells into induced pluripotent stem cells IHSTMi001-A 2018 the international journal of building science and its applications New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000477206 volume:209 year:2022 day:1 month:02 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 209 2022 1 0201 0 |
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10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001694.pica (DE-627)ELV056503083 (ELSEVIER)S0360-1323(21)01055-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 VZ Kim, Sughwan verfasserin aut Wind-driven rain exposure on building envelopes taking into account frequency distribution and correlation with different wall orientations 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Reference year Elsevier Wind-driven rain Elsevier Moisture source Elsevier Semi-empirical method Elsevier Building envelope Elsevier Zirkelbach, Daniel oth Künzel, Hartwig M. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Li, Huilin ELSEVIER Integration-free reprogramming of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells into induced pluripotent stem cells IHSTMi001-A 2018 the international journal of building science and its applications New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000477206 volume:209 year:2022 day:1 month:02 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 209 2022 1 0201 0 |
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10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001694.pica (DE-627)ELV056503083 (ELSEVIER)S0360-1323(21)01055-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 VZ Kim, Sughwan verfasserin aut Wind-driven rain exposure on building envelopes taking into account frequency distribution and correlation with different wall orientations 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Reference year Elsevier Wind-driven rain Elsevier Moisture source Elsevier Semi-empirical method Elsevier Building envelope Elsevier Zirkelbach, Daniel oth Künzel, Hartwig M. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Li, Huilin ELSEVIER Integration-free reprogramming of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells into induced pluripotent stem cells IHSTMi001-A 2018 the international journal of building science and its applications New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000477206 volume:209 year:2022 day:1 month:02 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 209 2022 1 0201 0 |
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10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001694.pica (DE-627)ELV056503083 (ELSEVIER)S0360-1323(21)01055-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 VZ Kim, Sughwan verfasserin aut Wind-driven rain exposure on building envelopes taking into account frequency distribution and correlation with different wall orientations 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Reference year Elsevier Wind-driven rain Elsevier Moisture source Elsevier Semi-empirical method Elsevier Building envelope Elsevier Zirkelbach, Daniel oth Künzel, Hartwig M. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Li, Huilin ELSEVIER Integration-free reprogramming of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells into induced pluripotent stem cells IHSTMi001-A 2018 the international journal of building science and its applications New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000477206 volume:209 year:2022 day:1 month:02 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 209 2022 1 0201 0 |
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10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001694.pica (DE-627)ELV056503083 (ELSEVIER)S0360-1323(21)01055-6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 VZ Kim, Sughwan verfasserin aut Wind-driven rain exposure on building envelopes taking into account frequency distribution and correlation with different wall orientations 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. Reference year Elsevier Wind-driven rain Elsevier Moisture source Elsevier Semi-empirical method Elsevier Building envelope Elsevier Zirkelbach, Daniel oth Künzel, Hartwig M. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Li, Huilin ELSEVIER Integration-free reprogramming of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells into induced pluripotent stem cells IHSTMi001-A 2018 the international journal of building science and its applications New York, NY [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV000477206 volume:209 year:2022 day:1 month:02 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108665 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 209 2022 1 0201 0 |
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Enthalten in Integration-free reprogramming of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells into induced pluripotent stem cells IHSTMi001-A New York, NY [u.a.] volume:209 year:2022 day:1 month:02 pages:0 |
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wind-driven rain exposure on building envelopes taking into account frequency distribution and correlation with different wall orientations |
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Wind-driven rain exposure on building envelopes taking into account frequency distribution and correlation with different wall orientations |
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Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. |
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Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. |
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Excessive moisture inside building envelopes makes them vulnerable to moisture damages such as mould, algae growth, rot, corrosion, weathering, fading, etc. One of the main moisture sources for building envelopes is wind-driven rain (WDR). This paper characterizes the WDR for twenty-two locations in South Korea based on hourly measured weather data for 20 years and an artificial typical year from Meteonorm®. This study determines a wind-driven rain reference year using a semi-empirical method, taking into account the frequency of occurrence of the WDR and the correlation between the different wall orientations. The annual amount of the WDR shows a significant range from 125.4 kg/(m2∙a) to 904.4 kg/(m2∙a) with the individual prevailing orientations by location in South Korea. The deviations of the WDRs determined by the wind-driven rain reference year and the annual mean wind-driven rain can be characterized in two groups in terms of the amount and the distribution of the WDR. The first group has a characteristic that only the amount is changed while keeping the distribution across the wall orientations. The second group shows that the amount and the distribution are changing together. The wind-driven reference year can characterize the WDR by selecting and combining the most representative periods from the long-term measurements. By contrast, the artificial typical years from Meteonorm® hardly show any similar characteristics of the WDR determined with the long-term measured weather data. |
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Wind-driven rain exposure on building envelopes taking into account frequency distribution and correlation with different wall orientations |
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