Farming system diversity and its drivers in land reform farms of the Waterberg District, South Africa
South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, l...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Netshipale, A.J. [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2022transfer abstract |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Land use policy - Son, Yang-Ju ELSEVIER, 2021, the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:117 ; year:2022 ; pages:0 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 |
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Katalog-ID: |
ELV057400237 |
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520 | |a South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. | ||
520 | |a South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. | ||
650 | 7 | |a Farming systems |2 Elsevier | |
650 | 7 | |a Land reform |2 Elsevier | |
650 | 7 | |a Land use activities |2 Elsevier | |
650 | 7 | |a Typology |2 Elsevier | |
650 | 7 | |a Multivariate analysis |2 Elsevier | |
700 | 1 | |a Raidimi, E.N. |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Mashiloane, M.L. |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a de Boer, I.J.M. |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Oosting, S.J. |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001735.pica (DE-627)ELV057400237 (ELSEVIER)S0264-8377(22)00143-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 610 VZ Netshipale, A.J. verfasserin aut Farming system diversity and its drivers in land reform farms of the Waterberg District, South Africa 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. Farming systems Elsevier Land reform Elsevier Land use activities Elsevier Typology Elsevier Multivariate analysis Elsevier Raidimi, E.N. oth Mashiloane, M.L. oth de Boer, I.J.M. oth Oosting, S.J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Son, Yang-Ju ELSEVIER Land use policy 2021 the international journal covering all aspects of land use Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV006296785 volume:117 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 117 2022 0 |
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10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001735.pica (DE-627)ELV057400237 (ELSEVIER)S0264-8377(22)00143-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 610 VZ Netshipale, A.J. verfasserin aut Farming system diversity and its drivers in land reform farms of the Waterberg District, South Africa 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. Farming systems Elsevier Land reform Elsevier Land use activities Elsevier Typology Elsevier Multivariate analysis Elsevier Raidimi, E.N. oth Mashiloane, M.L. oth de Boer, I.J.M. oth Oosting, S.J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Son, Yang-Ju ELSEVIER Land use policy 2021 the international journal covering all aspects of land use Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV006296785 volume:117 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 117 2022 0 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001735.pica (DE-627)ELV057400237 (ELSEVIER)S0264-8377(22)00143-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 610 VZ Netshipale, A.J. verfasserin aut Farming system diversity and its drivers in land reform farms of the Waterberg District, South Africa 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. Farming systems Elsevier Land reform Elsevier Land use activities Elsevier Typology Elsevier Multivariate analysis Elsevier Raidimi, E.N. oth Mashiloane, M.L. oth de Boer, I.J.M. oth Oosting, S.J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Son, Yang-Ju ELSEVIER Land use policy 2021 the international journal covering all aspects of land use Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV006296785 volume:117 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 117 2022 0 |
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10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001735.pica (DE-627)ELV057400237 (ELSEVIER)S0264-8377(22)00143-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 610 VZ Netshipale, A.J. verfasserin aut Farming system diversity and its drivers in land reform farms of the Waterberg District, South Africa 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. Farming systems Elsevier Land reform Elsevier Land use activities Elsevier Typology Elsevier Multivariate analysis Elsevier Raidimi, E.N. oth Mashiloane, M.L. oth de Boer, I.J.M. oth Oosting, S.J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Son, Yang-Ju ELSEVIER Land use policy 2021 the international journal covering all aspects of land use Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV006296785 volume:117 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 117 2022 0 |
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10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001735.pica (DE-627)ELV057400237 (ELSEVIER)S0264-8377(22)00143-0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 630 640 610 VZ Netshipale, A.J. verfasserin aut Farming system diversity and its drivers in land reform farms of the Waterberg District, South Africa 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. Farming systems Elsevier Land reform Elsevier Land use activities Elsevier Typology Elsevier Multivariate analysis Elsevier Raidimi, E.N. oth Mashiloane, M.L. oth de Boer, I.J.M. oth Oosting, S.J. oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Son, Yang-Ju ELSEVIER Land use policy 2021 the international journal covering all aspects of land use Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV006296785 volume:117 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106116 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA AR 117 2022 0 |
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Farming system diversity and its drivers in land reform farms of the Waterberg District, South Africa |
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South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. |
abstractGer |
South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. |
abstract_unstemmed |
South Africa implemented land reform for the past two decades to contribute to addressing challenges posed by inequality, poverty and unemployment. Systematic classification of farming system types in land reform is lacking, and distinguishing the types with common characteristics (e.g. farm size, land use activities and livelihood strategies) is essential for implementing targeted agricultural development. In addition, understanding the drivers that lead to different farming system types might contribute to policy making and design of well-suited management options. We investigated 50 land reform farms in the Waterberg District, South Africa. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and two-step cluster analysis to assess the diversity of farming system types and factors driving such diversity. Indicators characterising the ruminant, monogastric, horticulture and crop farming, land use, and economic importance were collected to assess the target-farms and included in the PCA. Four farming system types were distinguished: crop plus ruminants- CR, horticulture- H, ruminants- R, and monogastric- M. The presence of type CR and R was driven by land reform policies which transferred farms of large sizes (± 1160 ha) for extensive resource use, in cognisance of the semi-arid conditions of the study area. Land reform policies drove the presence of the type H and M by targeting capital endowed farmers and areas with potential for horticulture, and by ensuring that farmers are physical capital endowed. Capital endowed farmers were in all four identified farming system types, be that as it may, limited external physical and financial capital support restricted capital poor farmers to type CR and M. |
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Farming system diversity and its drivers in land reform farms of the Waterberg District, South Africa |
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