Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy
Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polyte...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Liu, Lei [verfasserIn] Xing, Yijing [verfasserIn] Li, Yifan [verfasserIn] Fu, Zhiyong [verfasserIn] Li, Zhuoqun [verfasserIn] Li, Haibin [verfasserIn] |
---|
Format: |
E-Artikel |
---|---|
Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2022 |
---|
Schlagwörter: |
---|
Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: International journal of hydrogen energy - New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1976, 47 |
---|---|
Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:47 |
DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199 |
---|
Katalog-ID: |
ELV058686215 |
---|
LEADER | 01000caa a22002652 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | ELV058686215 | ||
003 | DE-627 | ||
005 | 20230927125013.0 | ||
007 | cr uuu---uuuuu | ||
008 | 221103s2022 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c | ||
024 | 7 | |a 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199 |2 doi | |
035 | |a (DE-627)ELV058686215 | ||
035 | |a (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(22)02834-8 | ||
040 | |a DE-627 |b ger |c DE-627 |e rda | ||
041 | |a eng | ||
082 | 0 | 4 | |a 660 |a 620 |q VZ |
084 | |a 52.56 |2 bkl | ||
100 | 1 | |a Liu, Lei |e verfasserin |0 (orcid)0000-0003-0425-8159 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy |
264 | 1 | |c 2022 | |
336 | |a nicht spezifiziert |b zzz |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
520 | |a Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs. | ||
650 | 4 | |a Proton-exchange membranes | |
650 | 4 | |a Reinforced membranes | |
650 | 4 | |a Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells | |
650 | 4 | |a Mechanical durability | |
650 | 4 | |a Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene | |
700 | 1 | |a Xing, Yijing |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Li, Yifan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Fu, Zhiyong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Li, Zhuoqun |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Li, Haibin |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t International journal of hydrogen energy |d New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1976 |g 47 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)301511357 |w (DE-600)1484487-4 |w (DE-576)096806397 |x 1879-3487 |7 nnns |
773 | 1 | 8 | |g volume:47 |
912 | |a GBV_USEFLAG_U | ||
912 | |a GBV_ELV | ||
912 | |a SYSFLAG_U | ||
912 | |a SSG-OLC-PHA | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_20 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_22 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_23 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_24 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_31 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_32 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_40 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_60 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_62 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_63 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_65 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_69 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_70 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_73 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_74 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_90 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_95 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_100 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_105 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_110 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_150 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_151 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_224 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_370 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_602 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_702 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2003 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2004 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2005 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2006 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2008 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2010 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2011 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2014 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2015 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2020 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2021 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2025 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2027 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2034 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2038 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2044 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2048 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2049 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2050 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2056 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2059 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2061 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2064 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2065 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2068 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2088 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2111 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2112 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2113 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2118 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2122 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2129 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2143 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2147 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2148 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2152 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2153 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2190 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2336 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2470 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2507 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_2522 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4035 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4037 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4112 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4125 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4126 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4242 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4251 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4305 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4313 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4322 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4323 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4324 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4325 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4326 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4333 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4334 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4335 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4338 | ||
912 | |a GBV_ILN_4393 | ||
936 | b | k | |a 52.56 |j Regenerative Energieformen |j alternative Energieformen |q VZ |
951 | |a AR | ||
952 | |d 47 |
author_variant |
l l ll y x yx y l yl z f zf z l zl h l hl |
---|---|
matchkey_str |
article:18793487:2022----::nacdehncluaiiyfefursloiaipooecagmmrnbsdndul |
hierarchy_sort_str |
2022 |
bklnumber |
52.56 |
publishDate |
2022 |
allfields |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199 doi (DE-627)ELV058686215 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(22)02834-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Liu, Lei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0425-8159 aut Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs. Proton-exchange membranes Reinforced membranes Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells Mechanical durability Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Xing, Yijing verfasserin aut Li, Yifan verfasserin aut Fu, Zhiyong verfasserin aut Li, Zhuoqun verfasserin aut Li, Haibin verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of hydrogen energy New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1976 47 Online-Ressource (DE-627)301511357 (DE-600)1484487-4 (DE-576)096806397 1879-3487 nnns volume:47 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 47 |
spelling |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199 doi (DE-627)ELV058686215 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(22)02834-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Liu, Lei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0425-8159 aut Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs. Proton-exchange membranes Reinforced membranes Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells Mechanical durability Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Xing, Yijing verfasserin aut Li, Yifan verfasserin aut Fu, Zhiyong verfasserin aut Li, Zhuoqun verfasserin aut Li, Haibin verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of hydrogen energy New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1976 47 Online-Ressource (DE-627)301511357 (DE-600)1484487-4 (DE-576)096806397 1879-3487 nnns volume:47 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 47 |
allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199 doi (DE-627)ELV058686215 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(22)02834-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Liu, Lei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0425-8159 aut Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs. Proton-exchange membranes Reinforced membranes Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells Mechanical durability Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Xing, Yijing verfasserin aut Li, Yifan verfasserin aut Fu, Zhiyong verfasserin aut Li, Zhuoqun verfasserin aut Li, Haibin verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of hydrogen energy New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1976 47 Online-Ressource (DE-627)301511357 (DE-600)1484487-4 (DE-576)096806397 1879-3487 nnns volume:47 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 47 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199 doi (DE-627)ELV058686215 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(22)02834-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Liu, Lei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0425-8159 aut Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs. Proton-exchange membranes Reinforced membranes Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells Mechanical durability Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Xing, Yijing verfasserin aut Li, Yifan verfasserin aut Fu, Zhiyong verfasserin aut Li, Zhuoqun verfasserin aut Li, Haibin verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of hydrogen energy New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1976 47 Online-Ressource (DE-627)301511357 (DE-600)1484487-4 (DE-576)096806397 1879-3487 nnns volume:47 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 47 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199 doi (DE-627)ELV058686215 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(22)02834-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 660 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Liu, Lei verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0425-8159 aut Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy 2022 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs. Proton-exchange membranes Reinforced membranes Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells Mechanical durability Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Xing, Yijing verfasserin aut Li, Yifan verfasserin aut Fu, Zhiyong verfasserin aut Li, Zhuoqun verfasserin aut Li, Haibin verfasserin aut Enthalten in International journal of hydrogen energy New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1976 47 Online-Ressource (DE-627)301511357 (DE-600)1484487-4 (DE-576)096806397 1879-3487 nnns volume:47 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 52.56 Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen VZ AR 47 |
language |
English |
source |
Enthalten in International journal of hydrogen energy 47 volume:47 |
sourceStr |
Enthalten in International journal of hydrogen energy 47 volume:47 |
format_phy_str_mv |
Article |
bklname |
Regenerative Energieformen alternative Energieformen |
institution |
findex.gbv.de |
topic_facet |
Proton-exchange membranes Reinforced membranes Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells Mechanical durability Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene |
dewey-raw |
660 |
isfreeaccess_bool |
false |
container_title |
International journal of hydrogen energy |
authorswithroles_txt_mv |
Liu, Lei @@aut@@ Xing, Yijing @@aut@@ Li, Yifan @@aut@@ Fu, Zhiyong @@aut@@ Li, Zhuoqun @@aut@@ Li, Haibin @@aut@@ |
publishDateDaySort_date |
2022-01-01T00:00:00Z |
hierarchy_top_id |
301511357 |
dewey-sort |
3660 |
id |
ELV058686215 |
language_de |
englisch |
fullrecord |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV058686215</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230927125013.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">221103s2022 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV058686215</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(22)02834-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">660</subfield><subfield code="a">620</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">52.56</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liu, Lei</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0003-0425-8159</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Proton-exchange membranes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Reinforced membranes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Mechanical durability</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Xing, Yijing</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Li, Yifan</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Fu, Zhiyong</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Li, Zhuoqun</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Li, Haibin</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">International journal of hydrogen energy</subfield><subfield code="d">New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1976</subfield><subfield code="g">47</subfield><subfield code="h">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)301511357</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)1484487-4</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)096806397</subfield><subfield code="x">1879-3487</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:47</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ELV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-PHA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_32</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_100</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_150</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_702</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2025</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2038</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2044</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2048</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2049</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2056</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2061</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2064</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2065</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2068</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2088</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2111</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2113</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2118</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2122</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2129</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2143</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2147</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2148</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2190</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2470</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2507</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2522</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4035</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4242</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4251</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4333</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4334</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4393</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">52.56</subfield><subfield code="j">Regenerative Energieformen</subfield><subfield code="j">alternative Energieformen</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">47</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
author |
Liu, Lei |
spellingShingle |
Liu, Lei ddc 660 bkl 52.56 misc Proton-exchange membranes misc Reinforced membranes misc Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells misc Mechanical durability misc Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy |
authorStr |
Liu, Lei |
ppnlink_with_tag_str_mv |
@@773@@(DE-627)301511357 |
format |
electronic Article |
dewey-ones |
660 - Chemical engineering 620 - Engineering & allied operations |
delete_txt_mv |
keep |
author_role |
aut aut aut aut aut aut |
collection |
elsevier |
remote_str |
true |
illustrated |
Not Illustrated |
issn |
1879-3487 |
topic_title |
660 620 VZ 52.56 bkl Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy Proton-exchange membranes Reinforced membranes Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells Mechanical durability Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene |
topic |
ddc 660 bkl 52.56 misc Proton-exchange membranes misc Reinforced membranes misc Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells misc Mechanical durability misc Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene |
topic_unstemmed |
ddc 660 bkl 52.56 misc Proton-exchange membranes misc Reinforced membranes misc Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells misc Mechanical durability misc Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene |
topic_browse |
ddc 660 bkl 52.56 misc Proton-exchange membranes misc Reinforced membranes misc Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells misc Mechanical durability misc Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene |
format_facet |
Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource |
format_main_str_mv |
Text Zeitschrift/Artikel |
carriertype_str_mv |
cr |
hierarchy_parent_title |
International journal of hydrogen energy |
hierarchy_parent_id |
301511357 |
dewey-tens |
660 - Chemical engineering 620 - Engineering |
hierarchy_top_title |
International journal of hydrogen energy |
isfreeaccess_txt |
false |
familylinks_str_mv |
(DE-627)301511357 (DE-600)1484487-4 (DE-576)096806397 |
title |
Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy |
ctrlnum |
(DE-627)ELV058686215 (ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(22)02834-8 |
title_full |
Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy |
author_sort |
Liu, Lei |
journal |
International journal of hydrogen energy |
journalStr |
International journal of hydrogen energy |
lang_code |
eng |
isOA_bool |
false |
dewey-hundreds |
600 - Technology |
recordtype |
marc |
publishDateSort |
2022 |
contenttype_str_mv |
zzz |
author_browse |
Liu, Lei Xing, Yijing Li, Yifan Fu, Zhiyong Li, Zhuoqun Li, Haibin |
container_volume |
47 |
class |
660 620 VZ 52.56 bkl |
format_se |
Elektronische Aufsätze |
author-letter |
Liu, Lei |
doi_str_mv |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199 |
normlink |
(ORCID)0000-0003-0425-8159 |
normlink_prefix_str_mv |
(orcid)0000-0003-0425-8159 |
dewey-full |
660 620 |
author2-role |
verfasserin |
title_sort |
enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer eptfe reinforcement strategy |
title_auth |
Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy |
abstract |
Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs. |
abstractGer |
Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs. |
collection_details |
GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2065 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 |
title_short |
Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy |
remote_bool |
true |
author2 |
Xing, Yijing Li, Yifan Fu, Zhiyong Li, Zhuoqun Li, Haibin |
author2Str |
Xing, Yijing Li, Yifan Fu, Zhiyong Li, Zhuoqun Li, Haibin |
ppnlink |
301511357 |
mediatype_str_mv |
c |
isOA_txt |
false |
hochschulschrift_bool |
false |
doi_str |
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199 |
up_date |
2024-07-06T19:45:24.064Z |
_version_ |
1803860180011581440 |
fullrecord_marcxml |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV058686215</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230927125013.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">221103s2022 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.199</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV058686215</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0360-3199(22)02834-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">660</subfield><subfield code="a">620</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">52.56</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liu, Lei</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0003-0425-8159</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Enhanced mechanical durability of perfluorosulfonic acid proton-exchange membrane based on a double-layer ePTFE reinforcement strategy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Although widely used as proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes suffer from critical mechanical degradation under alternating wet/dry conditions. A common method for improving the mechanical durability of PFSA membranes is to intercalate single-layer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As reinforcement skeletons, the different numbers of ePTFE layers can be expected to have different effects on the mechanical durability of PFSA-based PEMs. In this study, double layers of ePTFE reinforcement are intercalated into PFSA ionomer to further enhance the mechanical durability of such membranes. The mechanical strength in directions A and B of the double-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (DR-M) are 36.52 and 37.12 MPa, which are significantly higher than those (24.37 and 27.51 MPa) of the single-layer ePTFE reinforced membrane (SR-M). The area swelling rate of the DR-M is 11.91%, which is lower than that (15.53%) of SR-M. It is precisely due to the additional rigid ePTFE skeleton for the DR-M that the yield strength and modulus of the PFSA membrane are further improved, resulting in the higher resistance to plastic deformation. After 3000 cycles of alternating wet/dry conditions, DR-Ms exhibited no significant hydrogen crossover current increase (from 3.01 mA cm−2 to 2.98 mA cm−2), reduced H2/Air fuel cell performance attenuation (by 4.9%), smaller membrane impedance increase (by 6.2%), and reduced membrane structure failure (less cracks) compared with SR-Ms. In short, the described double-layer ePTFE enhancement strategy provided a fresh perspective for improving the mechanical durability of PEMs.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Proton-exchange membranes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Reinforced membranes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Mechanical durability</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Xing, Yijing</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Li, Yifan</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Fu, Zhiyong</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Li, Zhuoqun</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Li, Haibin</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="t">International journal of hydrogen energy</subfield><subfield code="d">New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1976</subfield><subfield code="g">47</subfield><subfield code="h">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)301511357</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)1484487-4</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-576)096806397</subfield><subfield code="x">1879-3487</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:47</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ELV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-PHA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_31</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_32</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_90</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_100</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_150</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_702</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2005</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2006</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2010</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2015</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2025</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2034</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2038</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2044</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2048</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2049</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2050</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2056</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2061</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2064</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2065</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2068</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2088</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2111</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2113</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2118</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2122</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2129</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2143</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2147</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2148</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2152</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2190</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2336</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2470</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2507</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2522</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4035</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4242</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4251</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4326</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4333</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4334</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4393</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">52.56</subfield><subfield code="j">Regenerative Energieformen</subfield><subfield code="j">alternative Energieformen</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">47</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
|
score |
7.3999424 |