SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum
We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Ishida, Hideki [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022transfer abstract |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Multi-objective symbolic regression for physics-aware dynamic modeling - Kubalík, Jiří ELSEVIER, 2021, [S.l.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:85 ; year:2022 ; pages:0 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 |
|---|
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ELV058913408 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum |
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| 520 | |a We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. | ||
| 520 | |a We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Freeze-drying |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Ciliate |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Contraction |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Cilia |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Matsumoto, Chika |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shimada, Maho |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Suzaki, Toshinobu |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier |a Kubalík, Jiří ELSEVIER |t Multi-objective symbolic regression for physics-aware dynamic modeling |d 2021 |g [S.l.] |w (DE-627)ELV006503861 |
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10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001897.pica (DE-627)ELV058913408 (ELSEVIER)S0932-4739(22)00033-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 004 VZ 54.72 bkl Ishida, Hideki verfasserin aut SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. Freeze-drying Elsevier Ciliate Elsevier Contraction Elsevier Cilia Elsevier Matsumoto, Chika oth Shimada, Maho oth Suzaki, Toshinobu oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kubalík, Jiří ELSEVIER Multi-objective symbolic regression for physics-aware dynamic modeling 2021 [S.l.] (DE-627)ELV006503861 volume:85 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 54.72 Künstliche Intelligenz VZ AR 85 2022 0 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001897.pica (DE-627)ELV058913408 (ELSEVIER)S0932-4739(22)00033-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 004 VZ 54.72 bkl Ishida, Hideki verfasserin aut SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. Freeze-drying Elsevier Ciliate Elsevier Contraction Elsevier Cilia Elsevier Matsumoto, Chika oth Shimada, Maho oth Suzaki, Toshinobu oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kubalík, Jiří ELSEVIER Multi-objective symbolic regression for physics-aware dynamic modeling 2021 [S.l.] (DE-627)ELV006503861 volume:85 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 54.72 Künstliche Intelligenz VZ AR 85 2022 0 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001897.pica (DE-627)ELV058913408 (ELSEVIER)S0932-4739(22)00033-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 004 VZ 54.72 bkl Ishida, Hideki verfasserin aut SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. Freeze-drying Elsevier Ciliate Elsevier Contraction Elsevier Cilia Elsevier Matsumoto, Chika oth Shimada, Maho oth Suzaki, Toshinobu oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kubalík, Jiří ELSEVIER Multi-objective symbolic regression for physics-aware dynamic modeling 2021 [S.l.] (DE-627)ELV006503861 volume:85 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 54.72 Künstliche Intelligenz VZ AR 85 2022 0 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001897.pica (DE-627)ELV058913408 (ELSEVIER)S0932-4739(22)00033-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 004 VZ 54.72 bkl Ishida, Hideki verfasserin aut SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. Freeze-drying Elsevier Ciliate Elsevier Contraction Elsevier Cilia Elsevier Matsumoto, Chika oth Shimada, Maho oth Suzaki, Toshinobu oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kubalík, Jiří ELSEVIER Multi-objective symbolic regression for physics-aware dynamic modeling 2021 [S.l.] (DE-627)ELV006503861 volume:85 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 54.72 Künstliche Intelligenz VZ AR 85 2022 0 |
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10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001897.pica (DE-627)ELV058913408 (ELSEVIER)S0932-4739(22)00033-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 004 VZ 54.72 bkl Ishida, Hideki verfasserin aut SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. Freeze-drying Elsevier Ciliate Elsevier Contraction Elsevier Cilia Elsevier Matsumoto, Chika oth Shimada, Maho oth Suzaki, Toshinobu oth Enthalten in Elsevier Kubalík, Jiří ELSEVIER Multi-objective symbolic regression for physics-aware dynamic modeling 2021 [S.l.] (DE-627)ELV006503861 volume:85 year:2022 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 54.72 Künstliche Intelligenz VZ AR 85 2022 0 |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV058913408</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230626051842.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">221103s2022 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125896</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="028" ind1="5" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">/cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001897.pica</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV058913408</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0932-4739(22)00033-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">004</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">54.72</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ishida, Hideki</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022transfer abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">z</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zu</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). 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sem observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried spirostomum ambiguum |
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SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum |
| abstract |
We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. |
| abstractGer |
We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
We aimed to freeze-dry the ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum, obtained from water, without fixation and observe it using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Living cells were placed on a specimen stub and frozen upon contact with a Cu block kept at either −80 °C or −100 °C. Samples were then freeze-dried and observed by SEM. In most cases, no damage to the specimen due to ice crystal formation was observed. Because of the instantaneous freezing, the metachronal wave of cilia on the body surface of the ciliate was well preserved. Approximately 70–80% of cells were preserved in the contracted state due to inevitable exposure to mechanical vibration immediately before freezing. The remaining samples were preserved in a fully-extended state. Morphometric measurements of the cell surface showed that in the extended state, ciliary rows were almost parallel to the long axis of the cell, whereas in the contracted state, they were twisted in a left-handed helix at an angle of 45–65°. The distance between adjacent cilia along a ciliary row was 1.88 ± 0.43 μm in the extended state and 1.32 ± 0.41 μm in the contracted state (mean ± SD). However, the spacing between adjacent ciliary rows remained unchanged. |
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SEM observation of non-fixed and water freeze-dried Spirostomum ambiguum |
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