Cryogrinding and sieving techniques as challenges towards producing controlled size range microplastics for relevant ecotoxicological tests
The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Gardon, Tony [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022transfer abstract |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Structural failure performance of the encased functionally graded porous cylinder consolidated by graphene platelet under uniform radial loading - Li, Zhaochao ELSEVIER, 2019, Amsterdam [u.a.] |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:315 ; year:2022 ; day:15 ; month:12 ; pages:0 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 |
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ELV059389753 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cryogrinding and sieving techniques as challenges towards producing controlled size range microplastics for relevant ecotoxicological tests |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2022transfer abstract | |
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| 520 | |a The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. | ||
| 520 | |a The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Underestimated concentration |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Sieving |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Particle self-assembly |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Uncontrolled size distribution |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Laboratory experiment |2 Elsevier | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Microplastic production |2 Elsevier | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Paul-Pont, Ika |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Le Moullac, Gilles |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Soyez, Claude |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lagarde, Fabienne |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Huvet, Arnaud |4 oth | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |n Elsevier Science |a Li, Zhaochao ELSEVIER |t Structural failure performance of the encased functionally graded porous cylinder consolidated by graphene platelet under uniform radial loading |d 2019 |g Amsterdam [u.a.] |w (DE-627)ELV00327988X |
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| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 |3 Volltext |
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10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001973.pica (DE-627)ELV059389753 (ELSEVIER)S0269-7491(22)01597-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 50.31 bkl 56.11 bkl Gardon, Tony verfasserin aut Cryogrinding and sieving techniques as challenges towards producing controlled size range microplastics for relevant ecotoxicological tests 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. Underestimated concentration Elsevier Sieving Elsevier Particle self-assembly Elsevier Uncontrolled size distribution Elsevier Laboratory experiment Elsevier Microplastic production Elsevier Paul-Pont, Ika oth Le Moullac, Gilles oth Soyez, Claude oth Lagarde, Fabienne oth Huvet, Arnaud oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Li, Zhaochao ELSEVIER Structural failure performance of the encased functionally graded porous cylinder consolidated by graphene platelet under uniform radial loading 2019 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV00327988X volume:315 year:2022 day:15 month:12 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 50.31 Technische Mechanik VZ 56.11 Baukonstruktion VZ AR 315 2022 15 1215 0 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001973.pica (DE-627)ELV059389753 (ELSEVIER)S0269-7491(22)01597-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 50.31 bkl 56.11 bkl Gardon, Tony verfasserin aut Cryogrinding and sieving techniques as challenges towards producing controlled size range microplastics for relevant ecotoxicological tests 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. Underestimated concentration Elsevier Sieving Elsevier Particle self-assembly Elsevier Uncontrolled size distribution Elsevier Laboratory experiment Elsevier Microplastic production Elsevier Paul-Pont, Ika oth Le Moullac, Gilles oth Soyez, Claude oth Lagarde, Fabienne oth Huvet, Arnaud oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Li, Zhaochao ELSEVIER Structural failure performance of the encased functionally graded porous cylinder consolidated by graphene platelet under uniform radial loading 2019 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV00327988X volume:315 year:2022 day:15 month:12 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 50.31 Technische Mechanik VZ 56.11 Baukonstruktion VZ AR 315 2022 15 1215 0 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001973.pica (DE-627)ELV059389753 (ELSEVIER)S0269-7491(22)01597-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 50.31 bkl 56.11 bkl Gardon, Tony verfasserin aut Cryogrinding and sieving techniques as challenges towards producing controlled size range microplastics for relevant ecotoxicological tests 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. Underestimated concentration Elsevier Sieving Elsevier Particle self-assembly Elsevier Uncontrolled size distribution Elsevier Laboratory experiment Elsevier Microplastic production Elsevier Paul-Pont, Ika oth Le Moullac, Gilles oth Soyez, Claude oth Lagarde, Fabienne oth Huvet, Arnaud oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Li, Zhaochao ELSEVIER Structural failure performance of the encased functionally graded porous cylinder consolidated by graphene platelet under uniform radial loading 2019 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV00327988X volume:315 year:2022 day:15 month:12 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 50.31 Technische Mechanik VZ 56.11 Baukonstruktion VZ AR 315 2022 15 1215 0 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001973.pica (DE-627)ELV059389753 (ELSEVIER)S0269-7491(22)01597-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 50.31 bkl 56.11 bkl Gardon, Tony verfasserin aut Cryogrinding and sieving techniques as challenges towards producing controlled size range microplastics for relevant ecotoxicological tests 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. Underestimated concentration Elsevier Sieving Elsevier Particle self-assembly Elsevier Uncontrolled size distribution Elsevier Laboratory experiment Elsevier Microplastic production Elsevier Paul-Pont, Ika oth Le Moullac, Gilles oth Soyez, Claude oth Lagarde, Fabienne oth Huvet, Arnaud oth Enthalten in Elsevier Science Li, Zhaochao ELSEVIER Structural failure performance of the encased functionally graded porous cylinder consolidated by graphene platelet under uniform radial loading 2019 Amsterdam [u.a.] (DE-627)ELV00327988X volume:315 year:2022 day:15 month:12 pages:0 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U 50.31 Technische Mechanik VZ 56.11 Baukonstruktion VZ AR 315 2022 15 1215 0 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383 doi /cbs_pica/cbs_olc/import_discovery/elsevier/einzuspielen/GBV00000000001973.pica (DE-627)ELV059389753 (ELSEVIER)S0269-7491(22)01597-4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 690 VZ 50.31 bkl 56.11 bkl Gardon, Tony verfasserin aut Cryogrinding and sieving techniques as challenges towards producing controlled size range microplastics for relevant ecotoxicological tests 2022transfer abstract nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. 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Cryogrinding and sieving techniques as challenges towards producing controlled size range microplastics for relevant ecotoxicological tests |
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The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. |
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The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. |
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The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects. |
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Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The impact of microplastics (MP) has attracted much attention from the scientific community and many laboratory assessments have been made of their effects on aquatic organisms. To produce MP from real environmental plastic waste, which would enable more realistic experiments, we used plastic pearl farming equipment from French Polynesian lagoons. Here, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera could encounter MP coming from their breakdown in its surrounding environment. We tested an established method based on mechanical cryogenic grinding and liquid sieving. Our desired size range was 20–60 μm, corresponding to the optimal particle size ingested by P. margaritifera. The protocol was effective, generating MP particles of 20–60 μm (∼17,000–28,000 MP μg−1), but also produced too many smaller particles. The peak in the desired size range was thus flattened by the many small particles <3 μm (∼82,000–333,000 MP μg−1; 53–70% of total analysed particles), visible at the limit of Coulter counter analysis (cut-off point: 2 μm). Laser diffraction analysis (cut-off point: 0.4 μm) provided greater detail, showing that ∼80–90% of the total analysed particles were <1 μm. Diverging particle size distributions between those expected based on sieving range and those really observed, highlight the need to perform fine-scaled particle size distribution analyses to avoid underestimating the number of small micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) and to obtain an exact estimation of the fractions produced. Size and microstructure characterization by scanning electron microscopy suggested spontaneous particle self-assembly into crystal superstructures, which is the supposed cause of the divergence we observed. Overall, our results emphasize that particle self-assembly is a technical hurdle requiring further work and highlight the specific need to finely characterize the size distribution of MNP used in ecotoxicological experiments to avoid overestimating effects.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Underestimated concentration</subfield><subfield code="2">Elsevier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Sieving</subfield><subfield code="2">Elsevier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Particle self-assembly</subfield><subfield code="2">Elsevier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Uncontrolled size distribution</subfield><subfield code="2">Elsevier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Laboratory experiment</subfield><subfield code="2">Elsevier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Microplastic production</subfield><subfield code="2">Elsevier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Paul-Pont, Ika</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Le Moullac, Gilles</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Soyez, Claude</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lagarde, Fabienne</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Huvet, Arnaud</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Enthalten in</subfield><subfield code="n">Elsevier Science</subfield><subfield code="a">Li, Zhaochao ELSEVIER</subfield><subfield code="t">Structural failure performance of the encased functionally graded porous cylinder consolidated by graphene platelet under uniform radial loading</subfield><subfield code="d">2019</subfield><subfield code="g">Amsterdam [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)ELV00327988X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:315</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2022</subfield><subfield code="g">day:15</subfield><subfield code="g">month:12</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120383</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ELV</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">50.31</subfield><subfield code="j">Technische Mechanik</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="936" ind1="b" ind2="k"><subfield code="a">56.11</subfield><subfield code="j">Baukonstruktion</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">315</subfield><subfield code="j">2022</subfield><subfield code="b">15</subfield><subfield code="c">1215</subfield><subfield code="h">0</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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