Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital
Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching ho...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Park, Se Yoon [verfasserIn] Yu, Jungyeon [verfasserIn] Bae, Sanghwan [verfasserIn] Song, Jin Su [verfasserIn] Lee, Shin Young [verfasserIn] Kim, Jin Hwa [verfasserIn] Jeong, Yeon Su [verfasserIn] Oh, Sun Mi [verfasserIn] Kim, Tae Hyong [verfasserIn] Lee, Eunjung [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Journal of clinical virology - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1993, 165 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:165 |
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105502 |
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ELV060295414 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Park, Se Yoon |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital |
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| 520 | |a Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching hospital (February–March 2021). The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. To prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 between rooms, increasing the ACH in the room by maximising ventilation and minimising the positive pressure through supply/exhaust control and closing the room door are essential. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a SARS-CoV-2 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Transmission | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Respiratory aerosols and droplets | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Communicable diseases | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Disease outbreaks | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yu, Jungyeon |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bae, Sanghwan |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Song, Jin Su |e verfasserin |0 (orcid)0000-0003-0050-8018 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lee, Shin Young |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kim, Jin Hwa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jeong, Yeon Su |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Oh, Sun Mi |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kim, Tae Hyong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lee, Eunjung |e verfasserin |0 (orcid)0000-0002-7724-8288 |4 aut | |
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10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105502 doi (DE-627)ELV060295414 (ELSEVIER)S1386-6532(23)00125-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 44.43 bkl Park, Se Yoon verfasserin aut Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching hospital (February–March 2021). The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. To prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 between rooms, increasing the ACH in the room by maximising ventilation and minimising the positive pressure through supply/exhaust control and closing the room door are essential. SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Respiratory aerosols and droplets Communicable diseases Disease outbreaks Yu, Jungyeon verfasserin aut Bae, Sanghwan verfasserin aut Song, Jin Su verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0050-8018 aut Lee, Shin Young verfasserin aut Kim, Jin Hwa verfasserin aut Jeong, Yeon Su verfasserin aut Oh, Sun Mi verfasserin aut Kim, Tae Hyong verfasserin aut Lee, Eunjung verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-7724-8288 aut Enthalten in Journal of clinical virology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1993 165 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306654539 (DE-600)1499932-8 (DE-576)121465446 1873-5967 nnns volume:165 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2336 44.43 Medizinische Mikrobiologie VZ AR 165 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105502 doi (DE-627)ELV060295414 (ELSEVIER)S1386-6532(23)00125-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 44.43 bkl Park, Se Yoon verfasserin aut Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching hospital (February–March 2021). The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. To prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 between rooms, increasing the ACH in the room by maximising ventilation and minimising the positive pressure through supply/exhaust control and closing the room door are essential. SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Respiratory aerosols and droplets Communicable diseases Disease outbreaks Yu, Jungyeon verfasserin aut Bae, Sanghwan verfasserin aut Song, Jin Su verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0050-8018 aut Lee, Shin Young verfasserin aut Kim, Jin Hwa verfasserin aut Jeong, Yeon Su verfasserin aut Oh, Sun Mi verfasserin aut Kim, Tae Hyong verfasserin aut Lee, Eunjung verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-7724-8288 aut Enthalten in Journal of clinical virology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1993 165 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306654539 (DE-600)1499932-8 (DE-576)121465446 1873-5967 nnns volume:165 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2336 44.43 Medizinische Mikrobiologie VZ AR 165 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105502 doi (DE-627)ELV060295414 (ELSEVIER)S1386-6532(23)00125-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 44.43 bkl Park, Se Yoon verfasserin aut Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching hospital (February–March 2021). The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. To prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 between rooms, increasing the ACH in the room by maximising ventilation and minimising the positive pressure through supply/exhaust control and closing the room door are essential. SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Respiratory aerosols and droplets Communicable diseases Disease outbreaks Yu, Jungyeon verfasserin aut Bae, Sanghwan verfasserin aut Song, Jin Su verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0050-8018 aut Lee, Shin Young verfasserin aut Kim, Jin Hwa verfasserin aut Jeong, Yeon Su verfasserin aut Oh, Sun Mi verfasserin aut Kim, Tae Hyong verfasserin aut Lee, Eunjung verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-7724-8288 aut Enthalten in Journal of clinical virology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1993 165 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306654539 (DE-600)1499932-8 (DE-576)121465446 1873-5967 nnns volume:165 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2336 44.43 Medizinische Mikrobiologie VZ AR 165 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105502 doi (DE-627)ELV060295414 (ELSEVIER)S1386-6532(23)00125-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 44.43 bkl Park, Se Yoon verfasserin aut Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching hospital (February–March 2021). The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. To prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 between rooms, increasing the ACH in the room by maximising ventilation and minimising the positive pressure through supply/exhaust control and closing the room door are essential. SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Respiratory aerosols and droplets Communicable diseases Disease outbreaks Yu, Jungyeon verfasserin aut Bae, Sanghwan verfasserin aut Song, Jin Su verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0050-8018 aut Lee, Shin Young verfasserin aut Kim, Jin Hwa verfasserin aut Jeong, Yeon Su verfasserin aut Oh, Sun Mi verfasserin aut Kim, Tae Hyong verfasserin aut Lee, Eunjung verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-7724-8288 aut Enthalten in Journal of clinical virology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1993 165 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306654539 (DE-600)1499932-8 (DE-576)121465446 1873-5967 nnns volume:165 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2336 44.43 Medizinische Mikrobiologie VZ AR 165 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105502 doi (DE-627)ELV060295414 (ELSEVIER)S1386-6532(23)00125-7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 44.43 bkl Park, Se Yoon verfasserin aut Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching hospital (February–March 2021). The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. To prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 between rooms, increasing the ACH in the room by maximising ventilation and minimising the positive pressure through supply/exhaust control and closing the room door are essential. SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Respiratory aerosols and droplets Communicable diseases Disease outbreaks Yu, Jungyeon verfasserin aut Bae, Sanghwan verfasserin aut Song, Jin Su verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0050-8018 aut Lee, Shin Young verfasserin aut Kim, Jin Hwa verfasserin aut Jeong, Yeon Su verfasserin aut Oh, Sun Mi verfasserin aut Kim, Tae Hyong verfasserin aut Lee, Eunjung verfasserin (orcid)0000-0002-7724-8288 aut Enthalten in Journal of clinical virology Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1993 165 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306654539 (DE-600)1499932-8 (DE-576)121465446 1873-5967 nnns volume:165 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2336 44.43 Medizinische Mikrobiologie VZ AR 165 |
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Park, Se Yoon @@aut@@ Yu, Jungyeon @@aut@@ Bae, Sanghwan @@aut@@ Song, Jin Su @@aut@@ Lee, Shin Young @@aut@@ Kim, Jin Hwa @@aut@@ Jeong, Yeon Su @@aut@@ Oh, Sun Mi @@aut@@ Kim, Tae Hyong @@aut@@ Lee, Eunjung @@aut@@ |
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The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. 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610 VZ 44.43 bkl Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Respiratory aerosols and droplets Communicable diseases Disease outbreaks |
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ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale sars-cov-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital |
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Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital |
| abstract |
Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching hospital (February–March 2021). The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. To prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 between rooms, increasing the ACH in the room by maximising ventilation and minimising the positive pressure through supply/exhaust control and closing the room door are essential. |
| abstractGer |
Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching hospital (February–March 2021). The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. To prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 between rooms, increasing the ACH in the room by maximising ventilation and minimising the positive pressure through supply/exhaust control and closing the room door are essential. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Background: This study aimed to investigate ventilation strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a teaching hospital (February–March 2021). The largest outbreak ward was studied, and measurements were taken to determine the pressure difference and air change per hour (ACH) of the rooms. Airflow dynamics were assessed using an oil droplet generator, indoor air quality sensor, and particle image velocimetry in the index patient's room, corridor, and opposite rooms, by varying the opening and closing of windows and doors.Results: During the outbreak, 283 COVID-19 cases were identified. The SARS-CoV-2 spread occurred sequentially from the index room to the nearest room, especially the opposite. The aerodynamic study demonstrated that droplet-like particles in the index room diffused through the corridor and the opposite room through the opening door. The mean ACH of the rooms was 1.44; the air supply volume was 15.9% larger than the exhaust volume, forming a positive pressure. Closing the door prevented diffusion between adjacent rooms facing each other, and natural ventilation reduced the concentration of particles within the ward and minimised their spread to adjacent rooms.Conclusions: Spread of droplet-like particles between rooms could be attributed to the pressure difference between the rooms and corridor. To prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 between rooms, increasing the ACH in the room by maximising ventilation and minimising the positive pressure through supply/exhaust control and closing the room door are essential. |
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Ventilation strategies based on an aerodynamic analysis during a large-scale SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in an acute-care hospital |
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