Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device
Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly aff...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Du, Zhaohui [verfasserIn] Yang, Li [verfasserIn] Zhang, Dongxing [verfasserIn] Cui, Tao [verfasserIn] He, Xiantao [verfasserIn] Xiao, Tianpu [verfasserIn] Xing, Shulun [verfasserIn] Xie, Chunji [verfasserIn] Li, Hongsheng [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
E-Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2023 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
Electric drive seed-metering system |
|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Computers and electronics in agriculture - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1985, 211 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:211 |
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.compag.2023.108024 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
ELV060781289 |
|---|
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| 100 | 1 | |a Du, Zhaohui |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2023 | |
| 336 | |a nicht spezifiziert |b zzz |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a Computermedien |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a Online-Ressource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | |a Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Electric drive seed-metering system | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Field-oriented control algorithm | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Speed control performance | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Torque ripple | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Seed-metering quality | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yang, Li |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Dongxing |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cui, Tao |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a He, Xiantao |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xiao, Tianpu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xing, Shulun |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Xie, Chunji |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Hongsheng |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |i Enthalten in |t Computers and electronics in agriculture |d Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1985 |g 211 |h Online-Ressource |w (DE-627)320567826 |w (DE-600)2016151-7 |w (DE-576)090955684 |x 1872-7107 |7 nnns |
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10.1016/j.compag.2023.108024 doi (DE-627)ELV060781289 (ELSEVIER)S0168-1699(23)00412-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 630 640 004 VZ 48.03 bkl Du, Zhaohui verfasserin aut Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm. Electric drive seed-metering system Field-oriented control algorithm Speed control performance Torque ripple Seed-metering quality Yang, Li verfasserin aut Zhang, Dongxing verfasserin aut Cui, Tao verfasserin aut He, Xiantao verfasserin aut Xiao, Tianpu verfasserin aut Xing, Shulun verfasserin aut Xie, Chunji verfasserin aut Li, Hongsheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Computers and electronics in agriculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1985 211 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320567826 (DE-600)2016151-7 (DE-576)090955684 1872-7107 nnns volume:211 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.03 Methoden und Techniken der Land- und Forstwirtschaft VZ AR 211 |
| spelling |
10.1016/j.compag.2023.108024 doi (DE-627)ELV060781289 (ELSEVIER)S0168-1699(23)00412-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 630 640 004 VZ 48.03 bkl Du, Zhaohui verfasserin aut Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm. Electric drive seed-metering system Field-oriented control algorithm Speed control performance Torque ripple Seed-metering quality Yang, Li verfasserin aut Zhang, Dongxing verfasserin aut Cui, Tao verfasserin aut He, Xiantao verfasserin aut Xiao, Tianpu verfasserin aut Xing, Shulun verfasserin aut Xie, Chunji verfasserin aut Li, Hongsheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Computers and electronics in agriculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1985 211 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320567826 (DE-600)2016151-7 (DE-576)090955684 1872-7107 nnns volume:211 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.03 Methoden und Techniken der Land- und Forstwirtschaft VZ AR 211 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1016/j.compag.2023.108024 doi (DE-627)ELV060781289 (ELSEVIER)S0168-1699(23)00412-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 630 640 004 VZ 48.03 bkl Du, Zhaohui verfasserin aut Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm. Electric drive seed-metering system Field-oriented control algorithm Speed control performance Torque ripple Seed-metering quality Yang, Li verfasserin aut Zhang, Dongxing verfasserin aut Cui, Tao verfasserin aut He, Xiantao verfasserin aut Xiao, Tianpu verfasserin aut Xing, Shulun verfasserin aut Xie, Chunji verfasserin aut Li, Hongsheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Computers and electronics in agriculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1985 211 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320567826 (DE-600)2016151-7 (DE-576)090955684 1872-7107 nnns volume:211 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.03 Methoden und Techniken der Land- und Forstwirtschaft VZ AR 211 |
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10.1016/j.compag.2023.108024 doi (DE-627)ELV060781289 (ELSEVIER)S0168-1699(23)00412-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 630 640 004 VZ 48.03 bkl Du, Zhaohui verfasserin aut Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm. Electric drive seed-metering system Field-oriented control algorithm Speed control performance Torque ripple Seed-metering quality Yang, Li verfasserin aut Zhang, Dongxing verfasserin aut Cui, Tao verfasserin aut He, Xiantao verfasserin aut Xiao, Tianpu verfasserin aut Xing, Shulun verfasserin aut Xie, Chunji verfasserin aut Li, Hongsheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Computers and electronics in agriculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1985 211 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320567826 (DE-600)2016151-7 (DE-576)090955684 1872-7107 nnns volume:211 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.03 Methoden und Techniken der Land- und Forstwirtschaft VZ AR 211 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1016/j.compag.2023.108024 doi (DE-627)ELV060781289 (ELSEVIER)S0168-1699(23)00412-X DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 620 630 640 004 VZ 48.03 bkl Du, Zhaohui verfasserin aut Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm. Electric drive seed-metering system Field-oriented control algorithm Speed control performance Torque ripple Seed-metering quality Yang, Li verfasserin aut Zhang, Dongxing verfasserin aut Cui, Tao verfasserin aut He, Xiantao verfasserin aut Xiao, Tianpu verfasserin aut Xing, Shulun verfasserin aut Xie, Chunji verfasserin aut Li, Hongsheng verfasserin aut Enthalten in Computers and electronics in agriculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1985 211 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320567826 (DE-600)2016151-7 (DE-576)090955684 1872-7107 nnns volume:211 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.03 Methoden und Techniken der Land- und Forstwirtschaft VZ AR 211 |
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Enthalten in Computers and electronics in agriculture 211 volume:211 |
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Methoden und Techniken der Land- und Forstwirtschaft |
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Electric drive seed-metering system Field-oriented control algorithm Speed control performance Torque ripple Seed-metering quality |
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Du, Zhaohui @@aut@@ Yang, Li @@aut@@ Zhang, Dongxing @@aut@@ Cui, Tao @@aut@@ He, Xiantao @@aut@@ Xiao, Tianpu @@aut@@ Xing, Shulun @@aut@@ Xie, Chunji @@aut@@ Li, Hongsheng @@aut@@ |
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2023-01-01T00:00:00Z |
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The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. 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| author |
Du, Zhaohui |
| spellingShingle |
Du, Zhaohui ddc 620 bkl 48.03 misc Electric drive seed-metering system misc Field-oriented control algorithm misc Speed control performance misc Torque ripple misc Seed-metering quality Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device |
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Du, Zhaohui |
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620 - Engineering & allied operations 630 - Agriculture & related technologies 640 - Home & family management 004 - Data processing & computer science |
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620 630 640 004 VZ 48.03 bkl Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device Electric drive seed-metering system Field-oriented control algorithm Speed control performance Torque ripple Seed-metering quality |
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ddc 620 bkl 48.03 misc Electric drive seed-metering system misc Field-oriented control algorithm misc Speed control performance misc Torque ripple misc Seed-metering quality |
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ddc 620 bkl 48.03 misc Electric drive seed-metering system misc Field-oriented control algorithm misc Speed control performance misc Torque ripple misc Seed-metering quality |
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ddc 620 bkl 48.03 misc Electric drive seed-metering system misc Field-oriented control algorithm misc Speed control performance misc Torque ripple misc Seed-metering quality |
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Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource |
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Computers and electronics in agriculture |
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Computers and electronics in agriculture |
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Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device |
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Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device |
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Du, Zhaohui |
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Computers and electronics in agriculture |
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Computers and electronics in agriculture |
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2023 |
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Du, Zhaohui Yang, Li Zhang, Dongxing Cui, Tao He, Xiantao Xiao, Tianpu Xing, Shulun Xie, Chunji Li, Hongsheng |
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Elektronische Aufsätze |
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Du, Zhaohui |
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10.1016/j.compag.2023.108024 |
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development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device |
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Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device |
| abstract |
Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm. |
| abstractGer |
Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm. |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">ELV060781289</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20231012073027.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230722s2023 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1016/j.compag.2023.108024</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)ELV060781289</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ELSEVIER)S0168-1699(23)00412-X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">620</subfield><subfield code="a">630</subfield><subfield code="a">640</subfield><subfield code="a">004</subfield><subfield code="q">VZ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">48.03</subfield><subfield code="2">bkl</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Du, Zhaohui</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Development and testing of a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control algorithm for the seed-metering device</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Good planting quality is the basis for high and stable crop yield. The performance of the seed-metering device is an essential factor affecting the planting quality. For the drive system of the seed-metering device with the motor as the power source, the working performance of the motor directly affects the seed-metering quality. A high-performance electric drive system should be able to provide stable torque and precise speed for the seed-metering device. However, it is not clear whether the motor can always maintain good speed control performance and torque stability under different working parameters (speed, load) of the seed-metering device. And the working performance of the motor is affected by the control algorithm. It is also unknown whether the motor control algorithm will affect the working performance of the motor, resulting in changes in the seed-metering quality of the seed-metering device. Aiming at the above problems, a motor drive and control unit based on the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm was developed in this study. The variation law of the motor speed control performance and torque stability with the target speed and load under different control algorithms (square-wave control (SWC) and FOC) were explored. A comparison test of the seed-metering quality between the SWC algorithm and the FOC algorithm was carried out to determine the influence of the motor control algorithm on the seed-metering quality. The research shows that with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device, the rise time and settling time tend to increase gradually. The motor speed response performance decreases with the increase in target speed of the seed-metering device. The average overshoot, average rise time, and average settling time of the five motor speeds under the FOC algorithm (10.43%, 0.44 s, 0.43 s) were less than the SWC algorithm (15.68%, 0.67 s, 0.95 s). The torque stability of the motor increases with the target speed and load. Torque ripple decreases with the increase in target speed and load level. The torque ripple of the FOC algorithm was always smaller than that of the SWC algorithm. With the increase in target speed and load level, the difference in torque ripple between the two control algorithms is gradually reduced. Compared with the SWC algorithm, the FOC algorithm had better speed control performance and torque stability. The motor control algorithm has a significant impact on the seed-metering quality. The average quality of feed index (QFI), average miss index (MI), and average coefficient of variation (CV) of the SWC algorithm were 98.58%, 1.05%, and 16.29%, respectively. The average QFI, average MI, and average CV of the FOC algorithm were 98.85%, 0.83%, and 14.59%, respectively. The seed-metering quality under the FOC algorithm was better than the SWC algorithm. The seed-metering quality of the electric drive seed-metering system can be improved by optimizing the motor control algorithm.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Electric drive seed-metering system</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Field-oriented control algorithm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Speed control performance</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Torque ripple</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Seed-metering quality</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yang, Li</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zhang, Dongxing</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield 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