Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths

The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 ...
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Autor*in:	Li, Xintong [verfasserIn] Yu, Hang [verfasserIn] Song, Weiguo [verfasserIn] Zhang, Jun [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Pedestrian dynamics Emergency evacuation Flood evacuation Formation evacuating Evacuation speed Experimental study Statistical analysis

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Safety science - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1991, 169
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:169

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106333

Katalog-ID:	ELV065217608

Internformat


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520			\|a The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies.
650		4	\|a Pedestrian dynamics
650		4	\|a Emergency evacuation
650		4	\|a Flood evacuation
650		4	\|a Formation evacuating
650		4	\|a Evacuation speed
650		4	\|a Experimental study
650		4	\|a Statistical analysis
700	1		\|a Yu, Hang \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Song, Weiguo \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Zhang, Jun \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Safety science \|d Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1991 \|g 169 \|h Online-Ressource \|w (DE-627)320608824 \|w (DE-600)2021100-4 \|w (DE-576)259485225 \|x 1879-1042 \|7 nnns
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2044
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2048
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2049
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_2055
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_4333
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952			\|d 169

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allfields	10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106333 doi (DE-627)ELV065217608 (ELSEVIER)S0925-7535(23)00275-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 50.17 bkl 44.12 bkl Li, Xintong verfasserin aut Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies. Pedestrian dynamics Emergency evacuation Flood evacuation Formation evacuating Evacuation speed Experimental study Statistical analysis Yu, Hang verfasserin aut Song, Weiguo verfasserin aut Zhang, Jun verfasserin aut Enthalten in Safety science Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1991 169 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320608824 (DE-600)2021100-4 (DE-576)259485225 1879-1042 nnns volume:169 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik VZ 44.12 Arbeitsmedizin betriebliches Gesundheitswesen VZ AR 169
spelling	10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106333 doi (DE-627)ELV065217608 (ELSEVIER)S0925-7535(23)00275-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 50.17 bkl 44.12 bkl Li, Xintong verfasserin aut Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies. Pedestrian dynamics Emergency evacuation Flood evacuation Formation evacuating Evacuation speed Experimental study Statistical analysis Yu, Hang verfasserin aut Song, Weiguo verfasserin aut Zhang, Jun verfasserin aut Enthalten in Safety science Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1991 169 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320608824 (DE-600)2021100-4 (DE-576)259485225 1879-1042 nnns volume:169 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik VZ 44.12 Arbeitsmedizin betriebliches Gesundheitswesen VZ AR 169
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106333 doi (DE-627)ELV065217608 (ELSEVIER)S0925-7535(23)00275-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 50.17 bkl 44.12 bkl Li, Xintong verfasserin aut Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies. Pedestrian dynamics Emergency evacuation Flood evacuation Formation evacuating Evacuation speed Experimental study Statistical analysis Yu, Hang verfasserin aut Song, Weiguo verfasserin aut Zhang, Jun verfasserin aut Enthalten in Safety science Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1991 169 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320608824 (DE-600)2021100-4 (DE-576)259485225 1879-1042 nnns volume:169 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik VZ 44.12 Arbeitsmedizin betriebliches Gesundheitswesen VZ AR 169
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106333 doi (DE-627)ELV065217608 (ELSEVIER)S0925-7535(23)00275-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 50.17 bkl 44.12 bkl Li, Xintong verfasserin aut Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies. Pedestrian dynamics Emergency evacuation Flood evacuation Formation evacuating Evacuation speed Experimental study Statistical analysis Yu, Hang verfasserin aut Song, Weiguo verfasserin aut Zhang, Jun verfasserin aut Enthalten in Safety science Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1991 169 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320608824 (DE-600)2021100-4 (DE-576)259485225 1879-1042 nnns volume:169 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik VZ 44.12 Arbeitsmedizin betriebliches Gesundheitswesen VZ AR 169
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106333 doi (DE-627)ELV065217608 (ELSEVIER)S0925-7535(23)00275-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 610 VZ 50.17 bkl 44.12 bkl Li, Xintong verfasserin aut Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies. Pedestrian dynamics Emergency evacuation Flood evacuation Formation evacuating Evacuation speed Experimental study Statistical analysis Yu, Hang verfasserin aut Song, Weiguo verfasserin aut Zhang, Jun verfasserin aut Enthalten in Safety science Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1991 169 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320608824 (DE-600)2021100-4 (DE-576)259485225 1879-1042 nnns volume:169 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 50.17 Sicherheitstechnik VZ 44.12 Arbeitsmedizin betriebliches Gesundheitswesen VZ AR 169
language	English
source	Enthalten in Safety science 169 volume:169
sourceStr	Enthalten in Safety science 169 volume:169
format_phy_str_mv	Article
bklname	Sicherheitstechnik Arbeitsmedizin betriebliches Gesundheitswesen
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Pedestrian dynamics Emergency evacuation Flood evacuation Formation evacuating Evacuation speed Experimental study Statistical analysis
dewey-raw	610
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Safety science
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Li, Xintong @@aut@@ Yu, Hang @@aut@@ Song, Weiguo @@aut@@ Zhang, Jun @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	320608824
dewey-sort	3610
id	ELV065217608
language_de	englisch
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author	Li, Xintong
spellingShingle	Li, Xintong ddc 610 bkl 50.17 bkl 44.12 misc Pedestrian dynamics misc Emergency evacuation misc Flood evacuation misc Formation evacuating misc Evacuation speed misc Experimental study misc Statistical analysis Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths
authorStr	Li, Xintong
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topic_title	610 VZ 50.17 bkl 44.12 bkl Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths Pedestrian dynamics Emergency evacuation Flood evacuation Formation evacuating Evacuation speed Experimental study Statistical analysis
topic	ddc 610 bkl 50.17 bkl 44.12 misc Pedestrian dynamics misc Emergency evacuation misc Flood evacuation misc Formation evacuating misc Evacuation speed misc Experimental study misc Statistical analysis
topic_unstemmed	ddc 610 bkl 50.17 bkl 44.12 misc Pedestrian dynamics misc Emergency evacuation misc Flood evacuation misc Formation evacuating misc Evacuation speed misc Experimental study misc Statistical analysis
topic_browse	ddc 610 bkl 50.17 bkl 44.12 misc Pedestrian dynamics misc Emergency evacuation misc Flood evacuation misc Formation evacuating misc Evacuation speed misc Experimental study misc Statistical analysis
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title	Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths
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title_full	Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths
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author_browse	Li, Xintong Yu, Hang Song, Weiguo Zhang, Jun
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class	610 VZ 50.17 bkl 44.12 bkl
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title_sort	investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths
title_auth	Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths
abstract	The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies.
abstractGer	The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies.
abstract_unstemmed	The implementation of a well-organized formation for evacuation plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of individuals during flood events. To investigate the effectiveness of formation evacuating, this study conducted experiments under two specific water depths (0.35 m up to the knee and 0.60 m above the knee). The efficiency of two common evacuation methods, namely single-file formation without a rescue rope (referred to as “without rope”) and single-file formation with a rescue rope (referred to as “with rope”), was discussed through questionnaire and trajectory analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of pedestrians (over 60 %) perceive a reduced level of fatigue in single-file formation compared to individual walking (referred to as “individual”) in both 0.35 m and 0.60 m water. Not only was the fatigue level the lowest, but it also exhibited the highest speed growth rate in “with rope”. Specifically, pedestrian speed increased by 11.24 % in 0.60 m water and by 4.85 % in 0.35 m water compared to “individual”. Analysis of pedestrian step characteristics revealed that the increase in pedestrian step frequency was the primary factor contributing to the speed increase in “with rope”. Moreover, the step length and step frequency of pedestrians were effectively harmonized in “with rope”, particularly in 0.60 m water. Considering factors such as fatigue level and evacuation speed, it is evident that single-file formation evacuating with rescue rope significantly improves evacuation efficiency. This study provides fundamental data and offers practical recommendations for the development of effective flood evacuation strategies.
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title_short	Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths
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author2	Yu, Hang Song, Weiguo Zhang, Jun
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doi_str	10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106333
up_date	2024-07-06T22:15:08.615Z
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Investigation of pedestrian speed in formation evacuating in two specific water depths

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