Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar )

Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Ciavoni, Elisa [verfasserIn] Schrama, Johan W. [verfasserIn] Radhakrishnan, Gopika [verfasserIn] Sæle, Øystein [verfasserIn] Prabhu Philip, Antony J. [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	Atlantic salmon Water fluxes Ion fluxes Osmoregulation Digestion kinetic

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Aquaculture - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972, 580
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:580

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740331

Katalog-ID:	ELV065707168

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245	1	0	\|a Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar )
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520			\|a Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach.
650		4	\|a Atlantic salmon
650		4	\|a Water fluxes
650		4	\|a Ion fluxes
650		4	\|a Osmoregulation
650		4	\|a Digestion kinetic
700	1		\|a Schrama, Johan W. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Radhakrishnan, Gopika \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Sæle, Øystein \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Prabhu Philip, Antony J. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Aquaculture \|d Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 \|g 580 \|h Online-Ressource \|w (DE-627)306314002 \|w (DE-600)1495998-7 \|w (DE-576)094503966 \|7 nnns
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allfields	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740331 doi (DE-627)ELV065707168 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(23)01105-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 550 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 48.68 bkl Ciavoni, Elisa verfasserin aut Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar ) 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach. Atlantic salmon Water fluxes Ion fluxes Osmoregulation Digestion kinetic Schrama, Johan W. verfasserin aut Radhakrishnan, Gopika verfasserin aut Sæle, Øystein verfasserin aut Prabhu Philip, Antony J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Aquaculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 580 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306314002 (DE-600)1495998-7 (DE-576)094503966 nnns volume:580 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.68 Aquakultur VZ AR 580
spelling	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740331 doi (DE-627)ELV065707168 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(23)01105-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 550 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 48.68 bkl Ciavoni, Elisa verfasserin aut Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar ) 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach. Atlantic salmon Water fluxes Ion fluxes Osmoregulation Digestion kinetic Schrama, Johan W. verfasserin aut Radhakrishnan, Gopika verfasserin aut Sæle, Øystein verfasserin aut Prabhu Philip, Antony J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Aquaculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 580 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306314002 (DE-600)1495998-7 (DE-576)094503966 nnns volume:580 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.68 Aquakultur VZ AR 580
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740331 doi (DE-627)ELV065707168 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(23)01105-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 550 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 48.68 bkl Ciavoni, Elisa verfasserin aut Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar ) 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach. Atlantic salmon Water fluxes Ion fluxes Osmoregulation Digestion kinetic Schrama, Johan W. verfasserin aut Radhakrishnan, Gopika verfasserin aut Sæle, Øystein verfasserin aut Prabhu Philip, Antony J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Aquaculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 580 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306314002 (DE-600)1495998-7 (DE-576)094503966 nnns volume:580 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.68 Aquakultur VZ AR 580
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740331 doi (DE-627)ELV065707168 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(23)01105-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 550 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 48.68 bkl Ciavoni, Elisa verfasserin aut Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar ) 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach. Atlantic salmon Water fluxes Ion fluxes Osmoregulation Digestion kinetic Schrama, Johan W. verfasserin aut Radhakrishnan, Gopika verfasserin aut Sæle, Øystein verfasserin aut Prabhu Philip, Antony J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Aquaculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 580 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306314002 (DE-600)1495998-7 (DE-576)094503966 nnns volume:580 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.68 Aquakultur VZ AR 580
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740331 doi (DE-627)ELV065707168 (ELSEVIER)S0044-8486(23)01105-5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 570 550 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 48.68 bkl Ciavoni, Elisa verfasserin aut Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar ) 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach. Atlantic salmon Water fluxes Ion fluxes Osmoregulation Digestion kinetic Schrama, Johan W. verfasserin aut Radhakrishnan, Gopika verfasserin aut Sæle, Øystein verfasserin aut Prabhu Philip, Antony J. verfasserin aut Enthalten in Aquaculture Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1972 580 Online-Ressource (DE-627)306314002 (DE-600)1495998-7 (DE-576)094503966 nnns volume:580 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 48.68 Aquakultur VZ AR 580
language	English
source	Enthalten in Aquaculture 580 volume:580
sourceStr	Enthalten in Aquaculture 580 volume:580
format_phy_str_mv	Article
bklname	Aquakultur
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Atlantic salmon Water fluxes Ion fluxes Osmoregulation Digestion kinetic
dewey-raw	570
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Aquaculture
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ciavoni, Elisa @@aut@@ Schrama, Johan W. @@aut@@ Radhakrishnan, Gopika @@aut@@ Sæle, Øystein @@aut@@ Prabhu Philip, Antony J. @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	306314002
dewey-sort	3570
id	ELV065707168
language_de	englisch
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author	Ciavoni, Elisa
spellingShingle	Ciavoni, Elisa ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 48.68 misc Atlantic salmon misc Water fluxes misc Ion fluxes misc Osmoregulation misc Digestion kinetic Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar )
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topic_title	570 550 VZ BIODIV DE-30 fid 48.68 bkl Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar ) Atlantic salmon Water fluxes Ion fluxes Osmoregulation Digestion kinetic
topic	ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 48.68 misc Atlantic salmon misc Water fluxes misc Ion fluxes misc Osmoregulation misc Digestion kinetic
topic_unstemmed	ddc 570 fid BIODIV bkl 48.68 misc Atlantic salmon misc Water fluxes misc Ion fluxes misc Osmoregulation misc Digestion kinetic
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title	Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar )
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title_full	Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar )
author_sort	Ciavoni, Elisa
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author_browse	Ciavoni, Elisa Schrama, Johan W. Radhakrishnan, Gopika Sæle, Øystein Prabhu Philip, Antony J.
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title_sort	salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of atlantic salmon smolt ( salmo salar )
title_auth	Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar )
abstract	Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach.
abstractGer	Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach.
abstract_unstemmed	Water ingestion in fish increases with both water salinity and feeding. However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. Therefore, we suggest that water ingestion in seawater fish is intended for osmoregulation rather than to aid digestion by liquefying chyme in the stomach.
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title_short	Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar )
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up_date	2024-07-06T23:58:12.083Z
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However, it is unclear whether, during feeding, water ingestion is intended to aid chyme liquefaction in the stomach or to maintain the osmotic homeostasis within the body of the fish. We investigated the effects of increasing water salinity (0, 10, 20, 35 ppt) on the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt (Salmo salar) fed a commercial-like diet. Furthermore, the effect of water salinity on blood pH, plasma osmolality and ions was investigated. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Chyme was collected from 4 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (stomach, proximal, middle and distal intestine) and analysed for dry matter, pH, osmolality, crude protein and mineral content. Water and electrolyte fluxes, kinetic of digestion and faecal digestibility were measured using yttrium oxide (Y2O3) as an inert marker. We found that between 0 and 35 ppt chyme dry matter decreased by 1.6% and 4.8% in the stomach and proximal intestine, respectively. Chyme pH was not affected by water salinity in the stomach, but it increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in all intestinal segments. Chyme osmolality increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the stomach and it decreased in all intestinal segments. Water fluxes were similar among salinities in the stomach, but they increased nearly fivefold (6.2 versus 27.3 ml g−1 ingested DM) in the proximal intestine between 0 ppt and 35 ppt. An efflux of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) increased linearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the proximal intestine. An efflux of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increased curvilinearly (p < 0.001) with salinity in the middle intestine. Plasma osmolality and ion levels increased with salinity. Crude protein digestibility and protease activity decreased significantly with water salinity in the intestine. Our study highlights that when Atlantic salmon moves from freshwater to higher water salinity environments, drinking of saltwater does not interfere with hydration of feed in the stomach, but instead bypasses to the proximal intestine to aid in osmoregulatory water uptake. 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Salinity induced changes in the progression of water, ion and nutrient fluxes along the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon smolt ( Salmo salar )

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