Advancements in cleaner production of one-part geopolymers: A comprehensive review of mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure
The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the development of a new type of geopolymer known as “just add water” or one-part geopolymer. However, persisting challenges arise in the consumption of current precursors and solid activators, stemming from issues of avai...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Zareechian, Maziar [verfasserIn] Siad, Hocine [verfasserIn] Lachemi, Mohamed [verfasserIn] Sahmaran, Mustafa [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2023 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Construction and building materials - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1987, 409 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:409 |
DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133876 |
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ELV06592732X |
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520 | |a The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the development of a new type of geopolymer known as “just add water” or one-part geopolymer. However, persisting challenges arise in the consumption of current precursors and solid activators, stemming from issues of availability, environmental repercussions, and also the imperative to address the adverse consequences of waste materials and byproducts accumulation that are appropriate for incorporation into one-part geopolymers (OPGs). As a result, researchers have extensively investigated eco-conscious alternatives for both precursors and solid activators within the context of OPGs), drawing from waste materials and byproducts. Despite progress, the absence of comprehensive reviews impede the precise evaluation and comparison of more environmentally friendly options. The present review paper summarizes the recent research on cleaner solid activators and precursors, with simultaneous emphasis on sustainability and their effects on the fresh state characteristics, mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of OPGs. Comparative studies, underlying relationships, and current trends have also been compiled to provide guidelines and recommendations for producing sustainable OPGs. The analysis revealed that the OPGs containing mine tailings, glass waste, and rice husk ash as the cleaner precursor sources and calcium carbide residue and NaOH-treated waste glass as the solid activators demonstrated the highest embodied carbon/28-day compressive strength (ECI), outperforming other materials. In addition, the mixture containing NaOH-treated waste glass showed the best results through the simultaneous examination of both price of raw materials and ECI. | ||
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700 | 1 | |a Sahmaran, Mustafa |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133876 doi (DE-627)ELV06592732X (ELSEVIER)S0950-0618(23)03594-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 690 VZ 56.45 bkl Zareechian, Maziar verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0183-6339 aut Advancements in cleaner production of one-part geopolymers: A comprehensive review of mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the development of a new type of geopolymer known as “just add water” or one-part geopolymer. However, persisting challenges arise in the consumption of current precursors and solid activators, stemming from issues of availability, environmental repercussions, and also the imperative to address the adverse consequences of waste materials and byproducts accumulation that are appropriate for incorporation into one-part geopolymers (OPGs). As a result, researchers have extensively investigated eco-conscious alternatives for both precursors and solid activators within the context of OPGs), drawing from waste materials and byproducts. Despite progress, the absence of comprehensive reviews impede the precise evaluation and comparison of more environmentally friendly options. The present review paper summarizes the recent research on cleaner solid activators and precursors, with simultaneous emphasis on sustainability and their effects on the fresh state characteristics, mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of OPGs. Comparative studies, underlying relationships, and current trends have also been compiled to provide guidelines and recommendations for producing sustainable OPGs. The analysis revealed that the OPGs containing mine tailings, glass waste, and rice husk ash as the cleaner precursor sources and calcium carbide residue and NaOH-treated waste glass as the solid activators demonstrated the highest embodied carbon/28-day compressive strength (ECI), outperforming other materials. In addition, the mixture containing NaOH-treated waste glass showed the best results through the simultaneous examination of both price of raw materials and ECI. One-part geopolymers Sustainability Mechanical properties Durability Microstructural evaluation Siad, Hocine verfasserin aut Lachemi, Mohamed verfasserin aut Sahmaran, Mustafa verfasserin aut Enthalten in Construction and building materials Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1987 409 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320423115 (DE-600)2002804-0 (DE-576)259271187 nnns volume:409 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 56.45 Baustoffkunde VZ AR 409 |
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10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133876 doi (DE-627)ELV06592732X (ELSEVIER)S0950-0618(23)03594-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 690 VZ 56.45 bkl Zareechian, Maziar verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0183-6339 aut Advancements in cleaner production of one-part geopolymers: A comprehensive review of mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the development of a new type of geopolymer known as “just add water” or one-part geopolymer. However, persisting challenges arise in the consumption of current precursors and solid activators, stemming from issues of availability, environmental repercussions, and also the imperative to address the adverse consequences of waste materials and byproducts accumulation that are appropriate for incorporation into one-part geopolymers (OPGs). As a result, researchers have extensively investigated eco-conscious alternatives for both precursors and solid activators within the context of OPGs), drawing from waste materials and byproducts. Despite progress, the absence of comprehensive reviews impede the precise evaluation and comparison of more environmentally friendly options. The present review paper summarizes the recent research on cleaner solid activators and precursors, with simultaneous emphasis on sustainability and their effects on the fresh state characteristics, mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of OPGs. Comparative studies, underlying relationships, and current trends have also been compiled to provide guidelines and recommendations for producing sustainable OPGs. The analysis revealed that the OPGs containing mine tailings, glass waste, and rice husk ash as the cleaner precursor sources and calcium carbide residue and NaOH-treated waste glass as the solid activators demonstrated the highest embodied carbon/28-day compressive strength (ECI), outperforming other materials. In addition, the mixture containing NaOH-treated waste glass showed the best results through the simultaneous examination of both price of raw materials and ECI. One-part geopolymers Sustainability Mechanical properties Durability Microstructural evaluation Siad, Hocine verfasserin aut Lachemi, Mohamed verfasserin aut Sahmaran, Mustafa verfasserin aut Enthalten in Construction and building materials Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1987 409 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320423115 (DE-600)2002804-0 (DE-576)259271187 nnns volume:409 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 56.45 Baustoffkunde VZ AR 409 |
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10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133876 doi (DE-627)ELV06592732X (ELSEVIER)S0950-0618(23)03594-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 690 VZ 56.45 bkl Zareechian, Maziar verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0183-6339 aut Advancements in cleaner production of one-part geopolymers: A comprehensive review of mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the development of a new type of geopolymer known as “just add water” or one-part geopolymer. However, persisting challenges arise in the consumption of current precursors and solid activators, stemming from issues of availability, environmental repercussions, and also the imperative to address the adverse consequences of waste materials and byproducts accumulation that are appropriate for incorporation into one-part geopolymers (OPGs). As a result, researchers have extensively investigated eco-conscious alternatives for both precursors and solid activators within the context of OPGs), drawing from waste materials and byproducts. Despite progress, the absence of comprehensive reviews impede the precise evaluation and comparison of more environmentally friendly options. The present review paper summarizes the recent research on cleaner solid activators and precursors, with simultaneous emphasis on sustainability and their effects on the fresh state characteristics, mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of OPGs. Comparative studies, underlying relationships, and current trends have also been compiled to provide guidelines and recommendations for producing sustainable OPGs. The analysis revealed that the OPGs containing mine tailings, glass waste, and rice husk ash as the cleaner precursor sources and calcium carbide residue and NaOH-treated waste glass as the solid activators demonstrated the highest embodied carbon/28-day compressive strength (ECI), outperforming other materials. In addition, the mixture containing NaOH-treated waste glass showed the best results through the simultaneous examination of both price of raw materials and ECI. One-part geopolymers Sustainability Mechanical properties Durability Microstructural evaluation Siad, Hocine verfasserin aut Lachemi, Mohamed verfasserin aut Sahmaran, Mustafa verfasserin aut Enthalten in Construction and building materials Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1987 409 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320423115 (DE-600)2002804-0 (DE-576)259271187 nnns volume:409 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 56.45 Baustoffkunde VZ AR 409 |
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10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133876 doi (DE-627)ELV06592732X (ELSEVIER)S0950-0618(23)03594-8 DE-627 ger DE-627 rda eng 690 VZ 56.45 bkl Zareechian, Maziar verfasserin (orcid)0000-0003-0183-6339 aut Advancements in cleaner production of one-part geopolymers: A comprehensive review of mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure 2023 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the development of a new type of geopolymer known as “just add water” or one-part geopolymer. However, persisting challenges arise in the consumption of current precursors and solid activators, stemming from issues of availability, environmental repercussions, and also the imperative to address the adverse consequences of waste materials and byproducts accumulation that are appropriate for incorporation into one-part geopolymers (OPGs). As a result, researchers have extensively investigated eco-conscious alternatives for both precursors and solid activators within the context of OPGs), drawing from waste materials and byproducts. Despite progress, the absence of comprehensive reviews impede the precise evaluation and comparison of more environmentally friendly options. The present review paper summarizes the recent research on cleaner solid activators and precursors, with simultaneous emphasis on sustainability and their effects on the fresh state characteristics, mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of OPGs. Comparative studies, underlying relationships, and current trends have also been compiled to provide guidelines and recommendations for producing sustainable OPGs. The analysis revealed that the OPGs containing mine tailings, glass waste, and rice husk ash as the cleaner precursor sources and calcium carbide residue and NaOH-treated waste glass as the solid activators demonstrated the highest embodied carbon/28-day compressive strength (ECI), outperforming other materials. In addition, the mixture containing NaOH-treated waste glass showed the best results through the simultaneous examination of both price of raw materials and ECI. One-part geopolymers Sustainability Mechanical properties Durability Microstructural evaluation Siad, Hocine verfasserin aut Lachemi, Mohamed verfasserin aut Sahmaran, Mustafa verfasserin aut Enthalten in Construction and building materials Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1987 409 Online-Ressource (DE-627)320423115 (DE-600)2002804-0 (DE-576)259271187 nnns volume:409 GBV_USEFLAG_U GBV_ELV SYSFLAG_U GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_150 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2064 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2112 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4393 GBV_ILN_4700 56.45 Baustoffkunde VZ AR 409 |
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690 VZ 56.45 bkl Advancements in cleaner production of one-part geopolymers: A comprehensive review of mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure One-part geopolymers Sustainability Mechanical properties Durability Microstructural evaluation |
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Advancements in cleaner production of one-part geopolymers: A comprehensive review of mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure |
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advancements in cleaner production of one-part geopolymers: a comprehensive review of mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure |
title_auth |
Advancements in cleaner production of one-part geopolymers: A comprehensive review of mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure |
abstract |
The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the development of a new type of geopolymer known as “just add water” or one-part geopolymer. However, persisting challenges arise in the consumption of current precursors and solid activators, stemming from issues of availability, environmental repercussions, and also the imperative to address the adverse consequences of waste materials and byproducts accumulation that are appropriate for incorporation into one-part geopolymers (OPGs). As a result, researchers have extensively investigated eco-conscious alternatives for both precursors and solid activators within the context of OPGs), drawing from waste materials and byproducts. Despite progress, the absence of comprehensive reviews impede the precise evaluation and comparison of more environmentally friendly options. The present review paper summarizes the recent research on cleaner solid activators and precursors, with simultaneous emphasis on sustainability and their effects on the fresh state characteristics, mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of OPGs. Comparative studies, underlying relationships, and current trends have also been compiled to provide guidelines and recommendations for producing sustainable OPGs. The analysis revealed that the OPGs containing mine tailings, glass waste, and rice husk ash as the cleaner precursor sources and calcium carbide residue and NaOH-treated waste glass as the solid activators demonstrated the highest embodied carbon/28-day compressive strength (ECI), outperforming other materials. In addition, the mixture containing NaOH-treated waste glass showed the best results through the simultaneous examination of both price of raw materials and ECI. |
abstractGer |
The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the development of a new type of geopolymer known as “just add water” or one-part geopolymer. However, persisting challenges arise in the consumption of current precursors and solid activators, stemming from issues of availability, environmental repercussions, and also the imperative to address the adverse consequences of waste materials and byproducts accumulation that are appropriate for incorporation into one-part geopolymers (OPGs). As a result, researchers have extensively investigated eco-conscious alternatives for both precursors and solid activators within the context of OPGs), drawing from waste materials and byproducts. Despite progress, the absence of comprehensive reviews impede the precise evaluation and comparison of more environmentally friendly options. The present review paper summarizes the recent research on cleaner solid activators and precursors, with simultaneous emphasis on sustainability and their effects on the fresh state characteristics, mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of OPGs. Comparative studies, underlying relationships, and current trends have also been compiled to provide guidelines and recommendations for producing sustainable OPGs. The analysis revealed that the OPGs containing mine tailings, glass waste, and rice husk ash as the cleaner precursor sources and calcium carbide residue and NaOH-treated waste glass as the solid activators demonstrated the highest embodied carbon/28-day compressive strength (ECI), outperforming other materials. In addition, the mixture containing NaOH-treated waste glass showed the best results through the simultaneous examination of both price of raw materials and ECI. |
abstract_unstemmed |
The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials has led to the development of a new type of geopolymer known as “just add water” or one-part geopolymer. However, persisting challenges arise in the consumption of current precursors and solid activators, stemming from issues of availability, environmental repercussions, and also the imperative to address the adverse consequences of waste materials and byproducts accumulation that are appropriate for incorporation into one-part geopolymers (OPGs). As a result, researchers have extensively investigated eco-conscious alternatives for both precursors and solid activators within the context of OPGs), drawing from waste materials and byproducts. Despite progress, the absence of comprehensive reviews impede the precise evaluation and comparison of more environmentally friendly options. The present review paper summarizes the recent research on cleaner solid activators and precursors, with simultaneous emphasis on sustainability and their effects on the fresh state characteristics, mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of OPGs. Comparative studies, underlying relationships, and current trends have also been compiled to provide guidelines and recommendations for producing sustainable OPGs. The analysis revealed that the OPGs containing mine tailings, glass waste, and rice husk ash as the cleaner precursor sources and calcium carbide residue and NaOH-treated waste glass as the solid activators demonstrated the highest embodied carbon/28-day compressive strength (ECI), outperforming other materials. In addition, the mixture containing NaOH-treated waste glass showed the best results through the simultaneous examination of both price of raw materials and ECI. |
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