Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat
Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation...
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E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
1992 |
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| Umfang: |
16 |
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Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
in: Experimental brain research - 1966, 91(1992) vom: Feb., Seite 191-206 |
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:91 ; year:1992 ; month:02 ; pages:191-206 ; extent:16 |
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NLEJ202305066 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat |
| 264 | 1 | |c 1992 | |
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| 520 | |a Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. These general laws on functional coupling of the eye and head stabilizing reflexes during linear motion are valid in the three directions tested, even though the relative weight of visual and otolith inputs may vary according to motion direction and/or kinematics. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Borel, L. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lacour, M. |4 oth | |
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1992 |
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(DE-627)NLEJ202305066 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat 1992 16 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. These general laws on functional coupling of the eye and head stabilizing reflexes during linear motion are valid in the three directions tested, even though the relative weight of visual and otolith inputs may vary according to motion direction and/or kinematics. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Borel, L. oth Lacour, M. oth in Experimental brain research 1966 91(1992) vom: Feb., Seite 191-206 (DE-627)NLEJ188991840 (DE-600)1459099-2 1432-1106 nnns volume:91 year:1992 month:02 pages:191-206 extent:16 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231654 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 91 1992 2 191-206 16 |
| spelling |
(DE-627)NLEJ202305066 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat 1992 16 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. These general laws on functional coupling of the eye and head stabilizing reflexes during linear motion are valid in the three directions tested, even though the relative weight of visual and otolith inputs may vary according to motion direction and/or kinematics. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Borel, L. oth Lacour, M. oth in Experimental brain research 1966 91(1992) vom: Feb., Seite 191-206 (DE-627)NLEJ188991840 (DE-600)1459099-2 1432-1106 nnns volume:91 year:1992 month:02 pages:191-206 extent:16 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231654 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 91 1992 2 191-206 16 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
(DE-627)NLEJ202305066 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat 1992 16 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. These general laws on functional coupling of the eye and head stabilizing reflexes during linear motion are valid in the three directions tested, even though the relative weight of visual and otolith inputs may vary according to motion direction and/or kinematics. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Borel, L. oth Lacour, M. oth in Experimental brain research 1966 91(1992) vom: Feb., Seite 191-206 (DE-627)NLEJ188991840 (DE-600)1459099-2 1432-1106 nnns volume:91 year:1992 month:02 pages:191-206 extent:16 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231654 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 91 1992 2 191-206 16 |
| allfieldsGer |
(DE-627)NLEJ202305066 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat 1992 16 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. These general laws on functional coupling of the eye and head stabilizing reflexes during linear motion are valid in the three directions tested, even though the relative weight of visual and otolith inputs may vary according to motion direction and/or kinematics. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Borel, L. oth Lacour, M. oth in Experimental brain research 1966 91(1992) vom: Feb., Seite 191-206 (DE-627)NLEJ188991840 (DE-600)1459099-2 1432-1106 nnns volume:91 year:1992 month:02 pages:191-206 extent:16 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231654 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 91 1992 2 191-206 16 |
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(DE-627)NLEJ202305066 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat 1992 16 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. These general laws on functional coupling of the eye and head stabilizing reflexes during linear motion are valid in the three directions tested, even though the relative weight of visual and otolith inputs may vary according to motion direction and/or kinematics. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Borel, L. oth Lacour, M. oth in Experimental brain research 1966 91(1992) vom: Feb., Seite 191-206 (DE-627)NLEJ188991840 (DE-600)1459099-2 1432-1106 nnns volume:91 year:1992 month:02 pages:191-206 extent:16 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231654 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 91 1992 2 191-206 16 |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">NLEJ202305066</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20210706095028.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">070527s1992 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)NLEJ202305066</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">1992</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">16</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">z</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zu</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. 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Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat |
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Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat |
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Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat |
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Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat |
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functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat |
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Functional coupling of the stabilizing eye and head reflexes during horizontal and vertical linear motion in the cat |
| abstract |
Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. These general laws on functional coupling of the eye and head stabilizing reflexes during linear motion are valid in the three directions tested, even though the relative weight of visual and otolith inputs may vary according to motion direction and/or kinematics. |
| abstractGer |
Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. These general laws on functional coupling of the eye and head stabilizing reflexes during linear motion are valid in the three directions tested, even though the relative weight of visual and otolith inputs may vary according to motion direction and/or kinematics. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Summary The otolith contribution and otolith-visual interaction in eye and head stabilization were investigated in alert cats submitted to sinusoidal linear accelerations in three defined directions of space: up-down (Z motion), left-right (Y motion), and forward-back (X motion). Otolith stimulation alone was performed in total darkness with stimulus frequency varying from 0.05 to 1.39 Hz at a constant half peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.145 m (corresponding acceleration range 0.0014–1.13 g) Optokinetic stimuli were provided by sinusoidally moving a pseudorandom visual pattern in the Z and Y directions, using a similar half peak-to-peak amplitude (0.145 m, i.e., 16.1°) in the 0.025–1.39 Hz frequency domain (corresponding velocity range 2.5°–141°/s). Congruent otolith-visual interaction (costimulation, CS) was produced by moving the cat in front of the earth-stationary visual pattern, while conflicting interaction was obtained by suppressing all visual motion cues during linear motion (visual stabilization method, VS, with cat and visual pattern moving together, in phase). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. In contrast, optokinetic stimuli in the Z and Y directions evoked consistent and compensatory eye movement responses (OKR) in a lower frequency range (0.025–0.25 Hz). Increasing stimulus frequency induced strong gain reduction and phase lag. Oculo-neck coupling or eye-head synergy was found during optokinetic stimulation in the Z and Y directions. It was characterized by bilateral activation of neck extensors and flexors during upward and downward eye movements, respectively, and by ipsilateral activation of neck muscles during horizontal eye movements. These visually-induced neck responses seemed related to eye velocity signals. Dynamic properties of neck and eye responses were significantly improved when both inputs were combined (CS). Near perfect compensatory eye movement and neck muscle responses closely related to stimulus velocity were observed over all frequencies tested, in the three directions defined. The present study indicates that eye-head coordination processes during linear motion are mainly dependent on the visual system at low frequencies (below 0.25 Hz), with close functional coupling of OKR and eye-head synergy. The otolith system basically works at higher stimulus frequencies and triggers Synergist OOR and ONR. However, both sensorimotor subsystems combine their dynamic properties to provide better eyehead coordination in an extended frequency range and, as evidenced under VS condition, visual and otolith inputs also contribute to eye and neck responses at high and low frequency, respectively. These general laws on functional coupling of the eye and head stabilizing reflexes during linear motion are valid in the three directions tested, even though the relative weight of visual and otolith inputs may vary according to motion direction and/or kinematics. |
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Electromyographic (EMG) activity of antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles as well as horizontal and vertical eye movements (electrooculography, EOG) were recorded in these different experimental conditions. Results showed that otolith-neck (ONR) and otolith-ocular (OOR) responses were produced during pure otolith stimulation with relatively weak stimuli (0.036 g) in all directions tested. Both EMG and EOG response gain slightly increased, while response phase lead decreased (with respect to stimulus velocity) as stimulus frequency increased in the range 0.25–1.39 Hz. Otolith contribution to compensatory eye and neck responses increased with stimulus frequency, leading to EMG and EOG responses, which oppose the imposed displacement more and more. But the otolith system alone remained unable to produce perfect compensatory responses, even at the highest frequency tested. 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