On the word-superiority effect
Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manip...
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E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
1986 |
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| Umfang: |
13 |
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| Reproduktion: |
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
in: Psychological research - 1921, 48(1986) vom: Jan., Seite 23-35 |
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:48 ; year:1986 ; month:01 ; pages:23-35 ; extent:13 |
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| 520 | |a Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect. | ||
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(DE-627)NLEJ204804876 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng On the word-superiority effect 1986 13 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Marchetti, F. M. oth Mewhort, D. J. K. oth in Psychological research 1921 48(1986) vom: Jan., Seite 23-35 (DE-627)NLEJ188989560 (DE-600)1463034-5 1430-2772 nnns volume:48 year:1986 month:01 pages:23-35 extent:13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309276 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 48 1986 1 23-35 13 |
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(DE-627)NLEJ204804876 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng On the word-superiority effect 1986 13 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Marchetti, F. M. oth Mewhort, D. J. K. oth in Psychological research 1921 48(1986) vom: Jan., Seite 23-35 (DE-627)NLEJ188989560 (DE-600)1463034-5 1430-2772 nnns volume:48 year:1986 month:01 pages:23-35 extent:13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309276 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 48 1986 1 23-35 13 |
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(DE-627)NLEJ204804876 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng On the word-superiority effect 1986 13 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Marchetti, F. M. oth Mewhort, D. J. K. oth in Psychological research 1921 48(1986) vom: Jan., Seite 23-35 (DE-627)NLEJ188989560 (DE-600)1463034-5 1430-2772 nnns volume:48 year:1986 month:01 pages:23-35 extent:13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309276 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 48 1986 1 23-35 13 |
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(DE-627)NLEJ204804876 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng On the word-superiority effect 1986 13 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Marchetti, F. M. oth Mewhort, D. J. K. oth in Psychological research 1921 48(1986) vom: Jan., Seite 23-35 (DE-627)NLEJ188989560 (DE-600)1463034-5 1430-2772 nnns volume:48 year:1986 month:01 pages:23-35 extent:13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309276 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 48 1986 1 23-35 13 |
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(DE-627)NLEJ204804876 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng On the word-superiority effect 1986 13 nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect. Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002 Marchetti, F. M. oth Mewhort, D. J. K. oth in Psychological research 1921 48(1986) vom: Jan., Seite 23-35 (DE-627)NLEJ188989560 (DE-600)1463034-5 1430-2772 nnns volume:48 year:1986 month:01 pages:23-35 extent:13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309276 GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-SOJ GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 48 1986 1 23-35 13 |
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Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect. |
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Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect. |
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Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect. |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">NLEJ204804876</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20210706162152.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">070528s1986 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)NLEJ204804876</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">On the word-superiority effect</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">1986</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">13</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">z</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zu</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Summary Four experiments tested Johnston's (1981) hierarchical-activation account and McClelland and Rumelhart's (1981) interactive-activation account of the word-superiority effect. The hierarchical-activation account claims that the effect depends on masking. Using both a luminance manipulation and direct feature removal, however, we showed that the word-superiority effect can be obtained without a mask. Moreover, when words were made hard to read by displaying them in a column, the context advantage with both the luminance and the feature-removal techniques was reduced to zero. With masking, in contrast, a context effect remained because of lower accuracy in the no-context (control) condition. Thus, masking confounds enhancement on context trials with inhibition on no-context trials and is neither a necessary nor a desirable procedure with which to demonstrate a context advantage. The advantage of word context is reduced when words are printed with extra space between the letters. The amount of space needed depends on the size of the letters — the reduction requires a manipulation about the size of a blank character. Although both define visual features spatially, neither model includes an internal representation of space. Thus, neither model can represent the configural manipulations, and neither can explain why column orientation and blank characters reduce the word-superiority effect.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="533" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="f">Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2002</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Marchetti, F. M.</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mewhort, D. J. K.</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">in</subfield><subfield code="t">Psychological research</subfield><subfield code="d">1921</subfield><subfield code="g">48(1986) vom: Jan., Seite 23-35</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)NLEJ188989560</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)1463034-5</subfield><subfield code="x">1430-2772</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:48</subfield><subfield code="g">year:1986</subfield><subfield code="g">month:01</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:23-35</subfield><subfield code="g">extent:13</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309276</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_U</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-1-SOJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_NL_ARTICLE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">48</subfield><subfield code="j">1986</subfield><subfield code="c">1</subfield><subfield code="h">23-35</subfield><subfield code="g">13</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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