Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts
Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. Howe...
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| Autor*in: |
Yoshida, Kazunari [verfasserIn] Kakihana, Mitsuru [verfasserIn] Chen, Lan S. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erschienen: |
Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd ; 1992 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
Online-Ressource |
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| Reproduktion: |
2006 ; Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Journal of neurochemistry - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1956, 59(1992), 3, Seite 0 |
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:59 ; year:1992 ; number:3 ; pages:0 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x |
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| 520 | |a Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these results were not affected by acidic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β1. In contrast, ACM induced choline acetyltranferase expression in septal cholinergic neurons via nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, neither acidic nor basic fibroblast growth factor is involved in this biological activity in ACM. The cytokines listed above mainly stimulate NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in ACM. A combination of IL-1β and TNFα significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes, and this effect was found to be mediated by NGF produced by activated astrocytes. Effects of astrocytes on GABAergic neurons were also examined. ACM was found to increase glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuronal cultures from septum in the presence of Ara-C. However, the cytokines did not enhance this activity in ACM. Moreover, a combination of IL-1β and TNFα had no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. In a final set of experiments, cholinergic neurotrophic activity in skin-derived fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM) was examined. FCM was found to possess biological activity similar to that of ACM on septal neurons grown in serum-free defined medium with Ara-C. The cytokines also enhanced NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in FCM. Astrocytes and fibroblasts were found to possess NGF-type and non-NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity, and various cytokines were found to regulate the NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity in both types of cells. NGF produced by astrocytes and fibroblasts that are activated by cytokines is likely to be important for development and regeneration of NGF-sensitive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. | ||
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10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240254775 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Yoshida, Kazunari verfasserin aut Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1992 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these results were not affected by acidic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β1. In contrast, ACM induced choline acetyltranferase expression in septal cholinergic neurons via nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, neither acidic nor basic fibroblast growth factor is involved in this biological activity in ACM. The cytokines listed above mainly stimulate NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in ACM. A combination of IL-1β and TNFα significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes, and this effect was found to be mediated by NGF produced by activated astrocytes. Effects of astrocytes on GABAergic neurons were also examined. ACM was found to increase glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuronal cultures from septum in the presence of Ara-C. However, the cytokines did not enhance this activity in ACM. Moreover, a combination of IL-1β and TNFα had no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. In a final set of experiments, cholinergic neurotrophic activity in skin-derived fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM) was examined. FCM was found to possess biological activity similar to that of ACM on septal neurons grown in serum-free defined medium with Ara-C. The cytokines also enhanced NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in FCM. Astrocytes and fibroblasts were found to possess NGF-type and non-NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity, and various cytokines were found to regulate the NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity in both types of cells. NGF produced by astrocytes and fibroblasts that are activated by cytokines is likely to be important for development and regeneration of NGF-sensitive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Neurotrophic activity Kakihana, Mitsuru verfasserin aut Chen, Lan S. verfasserin aut Ong, Michael oth Baird, Andrew oth Gage, Fred H. oth In Journal of neurochemistry Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1956 59(1992), 3, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927584 (DE-600)2020528-4 1471-4159 nnns volume:59 year:1992 number:3 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 59 1992 3 0 |
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10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240254775 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Yoshida, Kazunari verfasserin aut Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1992 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these results were not affected by acidic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β1. In contrast, ACM induced choline acetyltranferase expression in septal cholinergic neurons via nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, neither acidic nor basic fibroblast growth factor is involved in this biological activity in ACM. The cytokines listed above mainly stimulate NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in ACM. A combination of IL-1β and TNFα significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes, and this effect was found to be mediated by NGF produced by activated astrocytes. Effects of astrocytes on GABAergic neurons were also examined. ACM was found to increase glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuronal cultures from septum in the presence of Ara-C. However, the cytokines did not enhance this activity in ACM. Moreover, a combination of IL-1β and TNFα had no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. In a final set of experiments, cholinergic neurotrophic activity in skin-derived fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM) was examined. FCM was found to possess biological activity similar to that of ACM on septal neurons grown in serum-free defined medium with Ara-C. The cytokines also enhanced NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in FCM. Astrocytes and fibroblasts were found to possess NGF-type and non-NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity, and various cytokines were found to regulate the NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity in both types of cells. NGF produced by astrocytes and fibroblasts that are activated by cytokines is likely to be important for development and regeneration of NGF-sensitive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Neurotrophic activity Kakihana, Mitsuru verfasserin aut Chen, Lan S. verfasserin aut Ong, Michael oth Baird, Andrew oth Gage, Fred H. oth In Journal of neurochemistry Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1956 59(1992), 3, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927584 (DE-600)2020528-4 1471-4159 nnns volume:59 year:1992 number:3 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 59 1992 3 0 |
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10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240254775 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Yoshida, Kazunari verfasserin aut Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1992 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these results were not affected by acidic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β1. In contrast, ACM induced choline acetyltranferase expression in septal cholinergic neurons via nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, neither acidic nor basic fibroblast growth factor is involved in this biological activity in ACM. The cytokines listed above mainly stimulate NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in ACM. A combination of IL-1β and TNFα significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes, and this effect was found to be mediated by NGF produced by activated astrocytes. Effects of astrocytes on GABAergic neurons were also examined. ACM was found to increase glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuronal cultures from septum in the presence of Ara-C. However, the cytokines did not enhance this activity in ACM. Moreover, a combination of IL-1β and TNFα had no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. In a final set of experiments, cholinergic neurotrophic activity in skin-derived fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM) was examined. FCM was found to possess biological activity similar to that of ACM on septal neurons grown in serum-free defined medium with Ara-C. The cytokines also enhanced NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in FCM. Astrocytes and fibroblasts were found to possess NGF-type and non-NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity, and various cytokines were found to regulate the NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity in both types of cells. NGF produced by astrocytes and fibroblasts that are activated by cytokines is likely to be important for development and regeneration of NGF-sensitive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Neurotrophic activity Kakihana, Mitsuru verfasserin aut Chen, Lan S. verfasserin aut Ong, Michael oth Baird, Andrew oth Gage, Fred H. oth In Journal of neurochemistry Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1956 59(1992), 3, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927584 (DE-600)2020528-4 1471-4159 nnns volume:59 year:1992 number:3 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 59 1992 3 0 |
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10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240254775 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Yoshida, Kazunari verfasserin aut Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1992 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these results were not affected by acidic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β1. In contrast, ACM induced choline acetyltranferase expression in septal cholinergic neurons via nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, neither acidic nor basic fibroblast growth factor is involved in this biological activity in ACM. The cytokines listed above mainly stimulate NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in ACM. A combination of IL-1β and TNFα significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes, and this effect was found to be mediated by NGF produced by activated astrocytes. Effects of astrocytes on GABAergic neurons were also examined. ACM was found to increase glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuronal cultures from septum in the presence of Ara-C. However, the cytokines did not enhance this activity in ACM. Moreover, a combination of IL-1β and TNFα had no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. In a final set of experiments, cholinergic neurotrophic activity in skin-derived fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM) was examined. FCM was found to possess biological activity similar to that of ACM on septal neurons grown in serum-free defined medium with Ara-C. The cytokines also enhanced NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in FCM. Astrocytes and fibroblasts were found to possess NGF-type and non-NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity, and various cytokines were found to regulate the NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity in both types of cells. NGF produced by astrocytes and fibroblasts that are activated by cytokines is likely to be important for development and regeneration of NGF-sensitive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Neurotrophic activity Kakihana, Mitsuru verfasserin aut Chen, Lan S. verfasserin aut Ong, Michael oth Baird, Andrew oth Gage, Fred H. oth In Journal of neurochemistry Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1956 59(1992), 3, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927584 (DE-600)2020528-4 1471-4159 nnns volume:59 year:1992 number:3 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 59 1992 3 0 |
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10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240254775 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Yoshida, Kazunari verfasserin aut Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1992 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these results were not affected by acidic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β1. In contrast, ACM induced choline acetyltranferase expression in septal cholinergic neurons via nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, neither acidic nor basic fibroblast growth factor is involved in this biological activity in ACM. The cytokines listed above mainly stimulate NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in ACM. A combination of IL-1β and TNFα significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes, and this effect was found to be mediated by NGF produced by activated astrocytes. Effects of astrocytes on GABAergic neurons were also examined. ACM was found to increase glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuronal cultures from septum in the presence of Ara-C. However, the cytokines did not enhance this activity in ACM. Moreover, a combination of IL-1β and TNFα had no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. In a final set of experiments, cholinergic neurotrophic activity in skin-derived fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM) was examined. FCM was found to possess biological activity similar to that of ACM on septal neurons grown in serum-free defined medium with Ara-C. The cytokines also enhanced NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in FCM. Astrocytes and fibroblasts were found to possess NGF-type and non-NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity, and various cytokines were found to regulate the NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity in both types of cells. NGF produced by astrocytes and fibroblasts that are activated by cytokines is likely to be important for development and regeneration of NGF-sensitive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Neurotrophic activity Kakihana, Mitsuru verfasserin aut Chen, Lan S. verfasserin aut Ong, Michael oth Baird, Andrew oth Gage, Fred H. oth In Journal of neurochemistry Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1956 59(1992), 3, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927584 (DE-600)2020528-4 1471-4159 nnns volume:59 year:1992 number:3 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08331.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 59 1992 3 0 |
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Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts Neurotrophic activity |
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Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts |
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Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts |
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Yoshida, Kazunari |
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Journal of neurochemistry |
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1992 |
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Yoshida, Kazunari Kakihana, Mitsuru Chen, Lan S. |
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cytokine regulation of nerve growth factor-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity synthesized by astrocytes and fibroblasts |
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Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts |
| abstract |
Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these results were not affected by acidic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β1. In contrast, ACM induced choline acetyltranferase expression in septal cholinergic neurons via nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, neither acidic nor basic fibroblast growth factor is involved in this biological activity in ACM. The cytokines listed above mainly stimulate NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in ACM. A combination of IL-1β and TNFα significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes, and this effect was found to be mediated by NGF produced by activated astrocytes. Effects of astrocytes on GABAergic neurons were also examined. ACM was found to increase glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuronal cultures from septum in the presence of Ara-C. However, the cytokines did not enhance this activity in ACM. Moreover, a combination of IL-1β and TNFα had no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. In a final set of experiments, cholinergic neurotrophic activity in skin-derived fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM) was examined. FCM was found to possess biological activity similar to that of ACM on septal neurons grown in serum-free defined medium with Ara-C. The cytokines also enhanced NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in FCM. Astrocytes and fibroblasts were found to possess NGF-type and non-NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity, and various cytokines were found to regulate the NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity in both types of cells. NGF produced by astrocytes and fibroblasts that are activated by cytokines is likely to be important for development and regeneration of NGF-sensitive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. |
| abstractGer |
Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these results were not affected by acidic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β1. In contrast, ACM induced choline acetyltranferase expression in septal cholinergic neurons via nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, neither acidic nor basic fibroblast growth factor is involved in this biological activity in ACM. The cytokines listed above mainly stimulate NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in ACM. A combination of IL-1β and TNFα significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes, and this effect was found to be mediated by NGF produced by activated astrocytes. Effects of astrocytes on GABAergic neurons were also examined. ACM was found to increase glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuronal cultures from septum in the presence of Ara-C. However, the cytokines did not enhance this activity in ACM. Moreover, a combination of IL-1β and TNFα had no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. In a final set of experiments, cholinergic neurotrophic activity in skin-derived fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM) was examined. FCM was found to possess biological activity similar to that of ACM on septal neurons grown in serum-free defined medium with Ara-C. The cytokines also enhanced NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in FCM. Astrocytes and fibroblasts were found to possess NGF-type and non-NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity, and various cytokines were found to regulate the NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity in both types of cells. NGF produced by astrocytes and fibroblasts that are activated by cytokines is likely to be important for development and regeneration of NGF-sensitive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract: The neurotrophic activity of astrocytes and fibroblasts and its regulation by various cytokines were investigated. Astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) enhanced the survival of neurons and the proliferation of astrocytes in embryonic cortical cultures grown in serum-free defined medium. However, these results were not affected by acidic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β1. In contrast, ACM induced choline acetyltranferase expression in septal cholinergic neurons via nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, neither acidic nor basic fibroblast growth factor is involved in this biological activity in ACM. The cytokines listed above mainly stimulate NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in ACM. A combination of IL-1β and TNFα significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes, and this effect was found to be mediated by NGF produced by activated astrocytes. Effects of astrocytes on GABAergic neurons were also examined. ACM was found to increase glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuronal cultures from septum in the presence of Ara-C. However, the cytokines did not enhance this activity in ACM. Moreover, a combination of IL-1β and TNFα had no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity in septal neurons co-cultured with astrocytes. In a final set of experiments, cholinergic neurotrophic activity in skin-derived fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM) was examined. FCM was found to possess biological activity similar to that of ACM on septal neurons grown in serum-free defined medium with Ara-C. The cytokines also enhanced NGF-mediated cholinergic neurotrophic activity in FCM. Astrocytes and fibroblasts were found to possess NGF-type and non-NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity, and various cytokines were found to regulate the NGF-type cholinergic neurotrophic activity in both types of cells. NGF produced by astrocytes and fibroblasts that are activated by cytokines is likely to be important for development and regeneration of NGF-sensitive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. |
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Cytokine Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Cholinergic Neurotrophic Activity Synthesized by Astrocytes and Fibroblasts |
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