Orienting and Defensive Reactions to Phobic and Conditioned Fear Stimuli in Phobics and Normals
The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of...
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| Autor*in: |
Fredrikson, Mats [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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| Erschienen: |
Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd ; 1981 |
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Online-Ressource |
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| Reproduktion: |
2007 ; Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |
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In: Psychophysiology - Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1964, 18(1981), 4, Seite 0 |
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:18 ; year:1981 ; number:4 ; pages:0 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x |
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NLEJ240919971 |
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| 520 | |a The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of these served as a CS+ reinforced by an electrical shock and the other as a CS-, which was never followed by shock. In addition the conditioning group was exposed to two neutral pictures (flowers and mushrooms). The phobic group viewed the same type of stimuli and were administered some electrical shocks uncorrelated with the slides. In the second session, randomly formed halves of each group were shown (a) slides of a spider and a snake, or (b) two neutral ones.There were reliable acquisition effects in the conditioning group with the CS+ evoking larger palmar than dorsal skin conductance responses (SCRs) whereas the reverse was true for the CS-. During extinction differential responding to CS+ and CS- was maintained but palmar/dorsal differentiation disappeared. In the phobic group, feared and non-feared cues elicited differential responding with larger palmar SCRs for the feared cue only. The conditioning group failed to evidence heart rate differentiation during acquisition when all heart rate responses (HRRs) were collapsed into a single trial block (TB). When HRRs were grouped into 2 TBs, responses shifted from deceleration to CS+ on TB1 to acceleration on TB2 whereas responses to CS- were unaffected. During extinction, HR exhibited deceleration to both cues but more to CS+ than to CS-. The phobic group's heart rate accelerated to the feared cue and decelerated to the unfeared cues in both sessions. There was no difference between groups' responses to neutral cues during the second session. The results partially validate a conditioning analogue for specific phobias and the inconsistent aspects are discussed in terms of different coping strategies. | ||
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10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240919971 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Fredrikson, Mats verfasserin aut Orienting and Defensive Reactions to Phobic and Conditioned Fear Stimuli in Phobics and Normals Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1981 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of these served as a CS+ reinforced by an electrical shock and the other as a CS-, which was never followed by shock. In addition the conditioning group was exposed to two neutral pictures (flowers and mushrooms). The phobic group viewed the same type of stimuli and were administered some electrical shocks uncorrelated with the slides. In the second session, randomly formed halves of each group were shown (a) slides of a spider and a snake, or (b) two neutral ones.There were reliable acquisition effects in the conditioning group with the CS+ evoking larger palmar than dorsal skin conductance responses (SCRs) whereas the reverse was true for the CS-. During extinction differential responding to CS+ and CS- was maintained but palmar/dorsal differentiation disappeared. In the phobic group, feared and non-feared cues elicited differential responding with larger palmar SCRs for the feared cue only. The conditioning group failed to evidence heart rate differentiation during acquisition when all heart rate responses (HRRs) were collapsed into a single trial block (TB). When HRRs were grouped into 2 TBs, responses shifted from deceleration to CS+ on TB1 to acceleration on TB2 whereas responses to CS- were unaffected. During extinction, HR exhibited deceleration to both cues but more to CS+ than to CS-. The phobic group's heart rate accelerated to the feared cue and decelerated to the unfeared cues in both sessions. There was no difference between groups' responses to neutral cues during the second session. The results partially validate a conditioning analogue for specific phobias and the inconsistent aspects are discussed in terms of different coping strategies. 2007 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2007|||||||||| Phobic conditioning In Psychophysiology Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1964 18(1981), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927487 (DE-600)1484299-3 1469-8986 nnns volume:18 year:1981 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 18 1981 4 0 |
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10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240919971 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Fredrikson, Mats verfasserin aut Orienting and Defensive Reactions to Phobic and Conditioned Fear Stimuli in Phobics and Normals Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1981 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of these served as a CS+ reinforced by an electrical shock and the other as a CS-, which was never followed by shock. In addition the conditioning group was exposed to two neutral pictures (flowers and mushrooms). The phobic group viewed the same type of stimuli and were administered some electrical shocks uncorrelated with the slides. In the second session, randomly formed halves of each group were shown (a) slides of a spider and a snake, or (b) two neutral ones.There were reliable acquisition effects in the conditioning group with the CS+ evoking larger palmar than dorsal skin conductance responses (SCRs) whereas the reverse was true for the CS-. During extinction differential responding to CS+ and CS- was maintained but palmar/dorsal differentiation disappeared. In the phobic group, feared and non-feared cues elicited differential responding with larger palmar SCRs for the feared cue only. The conditioning group failed to evidence heart rate differentiation during acquisition when all heart rate responses (HRRs) were collapsed into a single trial block (TB). When HRRs were grouped into 2 TBs, responses shifted from deceleration to CS+ on TB1 to acceleration on TB2 whereas responses to CS- were unaffected. During extinction, HR exhibited deceleration to both cues but more to CS+ than to CS-. The phobic group's heart rate accelerated to the feared cue and decelerated to the unfeared cues in both sessions. There was no difference between groups' responses to neutral cues during the second session. The results partially validate a conditioning analogue for specific phobias and the inconsistent aspects are discussed in terms of different coping strategies. 2007 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2007|||||||||| Phobic conditioning In Psychophysiology Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1964 18(1981), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927487 (DE-600)1484299-3 1469-8986 nnns volume:18 year:1981 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 18 1981 4 0 |
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10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240919971 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Fredrikson, Mats verfasserin aut Orienting and Defensive Reactions to Phobic and Conditioned Fear Stimuli in Phobics and Normals Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1981 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of these served as a CS+ reinforced by an electrical shock and the other as a CS-, which was never followed by shock. In addition the conditioning group was exposed to two neutral pictures (flowers and mushrooms). The phobic group viewed the same type of stimuli and were administered some electrical shocks uncorrelated with the slides. In the second session, randomly formed halves of each group were shown (a) slides of a spider and a snake, or (b) two neutral ones.There were reliable acquisition effects in the conditioning group with the CS+ evoking larger palmar than dorsal skin conductance responses (SCRs) whereas the reverse was true for the CS-. During extinction differential responding to CS+ and CS- was maintained but palmar/dorsal differentiation disappeared. In the phobic group, feared and non-feared cues elicited differential responding with larger palmar SCRs for the feared cue only. The conditioning group failed to evidence heart rate differentiation during acquisition when all heart rate responses (HRRs) were collapsed into a single trial block (TB). When HRRs were grouped into 2 TBs, responses shifted from deceleration to CS+ on TB1 to acceleration on TB2 whereas responses to CS- were unaffected. During extinction, HR exhibited deceleration to both cues but more to CS+ than to CS-. The phobic group's heart rate accelerated to the feared cue and decelerated to the unfeared cues in both sessions. There was no difference between groups' responses to neutral cues during the second session. The results partially validate a conditioning analogue for specific phobias and the inconsistent aspects are discussed in terms of different coping strategies. 2007 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2007|||||||||| Phobic conditioning In Psychophysiology Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1964 18(1981), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927487 (DE-600)1484299-3 1469-8986 nnns volume:18 year:1981 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 18 1981 4 0 |
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10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240919971 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Fredrikson, Mats verfasserin aut Orienting and Defensive Reactions to Phobic and Conditioned Fear Stimuli in Phobics and Normals Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1981 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of these served as a CS+ reinforced by an electrical shock and the other as a CS-, which was never followed by shock. In addition the conditioning group was exposed to two neutral pictures (flowers and mushrooms). The phobic group viewed the same type of stimuli and were administered some electrical shocks uncorrelated with the slides. In the second session, randomly formed halves of each group were shown (a) slides of a spider and a snake, or (b) two neutral ones.There were reliable acquisition effects in the conditioning group with the CS+ evoking larger palmar than dorsal skin conductance responses (SCRs) whereas the reverse was true for the CS-. During extinction differential responding to CS+ and CS- was maintained but palmar/dorsal differentiation disappeared. In the phobic group, feared and non-feared cues elicited differential responding with larger palmar SCRs for the feared cue only. The conditioning group failed to evidence heart rate differentiation during acquisition when all heart rate responses (HRRs) were collapsed into a single trial block (TB). When HRRs were grouped into 2 TBs, responses shifted from deceleration to CS+ on TB1 to acceleration on TB2 whereas responses to CS- were unaffected. During extinction, HR exhibited deceleration to both cues but more to CS+ than to CS-. The phobic group's heart rate accelerated to the feared cue and decelerated to the unfeared cues in both sessions. There was no difference between groups' responses to neutral cues during the second session. The results partially validate a conditioning analogue for specific phobias and the inconsistent aspects are discussed in terms of different coping strategies. 2007 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2007|||||||||| Phobic conditioning In Psychophysiology Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1964 18(1981), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927487 (DE-600)1484299-3 1469-8986 nnns volume:18 year:1981 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 18 1981 4 0 |
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10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ240919971 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Fredrikson, Mats verfasserin aut Orienting and Defensive Reactions to Phobic and Conditioned Fear Stimuli in Phobics and Normals Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1981 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of these served as a CS+ reinforced by an electrical shock and the other as a CS-, which was never followed by shock. In addition the conditioning group was exposed to two neutral pictures (flowers and mushrooms). The phobic group viewed the same type of stimuli and were administered some electrical shocks uncorrelated with the slides. In the second session, randomly formed halves of each group were shown (a) slides of a spider and a snake, or (b) two neutral ones.There were reliable acquisition effects in the conditioning group with the CS+ evoking larger palmar than dorsal skin conductance responses (SCRs) whereas the reverse was true for the CS-. During extinction differential responding to CS+ and CS- was maintained but palmar/dorsal differentiation disappeared. In the phobic group, feared and non-feared cues elicited differential responding with larger palmar SCRs for the feared cue only. The conditioning group failed to evidence heart rate differentiation during acquisition when all heart rate responses (HRRs) were collapsed into a single trial block (TB). When HRRs were grouped into 2 TBs, responses shifted from deceleration to CS+ on TB1 to acceleration on TB2 whereas responses to CS- were unaffected. During extinction, HR exhibited deceleration to both cues but more to CS+ than to CS-. The phobic group's heart rate accelerated to the feared cue and decelerated to the unfeared cues in both sessions. There was no difference between groups' responses to neutral cues during the second session. The results partially validate a conditioning analogue for specific phobias and the inconsistent aspects are discussed in terms of different coping strategies. 2007 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2007|||||||||| Phobic conditioning In Psychophysiology Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1964 18(1981), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927487 (DE-600)1484299-3 1469-8986 nnns volume:18 year:1981 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 18 1981 4 0 |
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orienting and defensive reactions to phobic and conditioned fear stimuli in phobics and normals |
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Orienting and Defensive Reactions to Phobic and Conditioned Fear Stimuli in Phobics and Normals |
| abstract |
The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of these served as a CS+ reinforced by an electrical shock and the other as a CS-, which was never followed by shock. In addition the conditioning group was exposed to two neutral pictures (flowers and mushrooms). The phobic group viewed the same type of stimuli and were administered some electrical shocks uncorrelated with the slides. In the second session, randomly formed halves of each group were shown (a) slides of a spider and a snake, or (b) two neutral ones.There were reliable acquisition effects in the conditioning group with the CS+ evoking larger palmar than dorsal skin conductance responses (SCRs) whereas the reverse was true for the CS-. During extinction differential responding to CS+ and CS- was maintained but palmar/dorsal differentiation disappeared. In the phobic group, feared and non-feared cues elicited differential responding with larger palmar SCRs for the feared cue only. The conditioning group failed to evidence heart rate differentiation during acquisition when all heart rate responses (HRRs) were collapsed into a single trial block (TB). When HRRs were grouped into 2 TBs, responses shifted from deceleration to CS+ on TB1 to acceleration on TB2 whereas responses to CS- were unaffected. During extinction, HR exhibited deceleration to both cues but more to CS+ than to CS-. The phobic group's heart rate accelerated to the feared cue and decelerated to the unfeared cues in both sessions. There was no difference between groups' responses to neutral cues during the second session. The results partially validate a conditioning analogue for specific phobias and the inconsistent aspects are discussed in terms of different coping strategies. |
| abstractGer |
The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of these served as a CS+ reinforced by an electrical shock and the other as a CS-, which was never followed by shock. In addition the conditioning group was exposed to two neutral pictures (flowers and mushrooms). The phobic group viewed the same type of stimuli and were administered some electrical shocks uncorrelated with the slides. In the second session, randomly formed halves of each group were shown (a) slides of a spider and a snake, or (b) two neutral ones.There were reliable acquisition effects in the conditioning group with the CS+ evoking larger palmar than dorsal skin conductance responses (SCRs) whereas the reverse was true for the CS-. During extinction differential responding to CS+ and CS- was maintained but palmar/dorsal differentiation disappeared. In the phobic group, feared and non-feared cues elicited differential responding with larger palmar SCRs for the feared cue only. The conditioning group failed to evidence heart rate differentiation during acquisition when all heart rate responses (HRRs) were collapsed into a single trial block (TB). When HRRs were grouped into 2 TBs, responses shifted from deceleration to CS+ on TB1 to acceleration on TB2 whereas responses to CS- were unaffected. During extinction, HR exhibited deceleration to both cues but more to CS+ than to CS-. The phobic group's heart rate accelerated to the feared cue and decelerated to the unfeared cues in both sessions. There was no difference between groups' responses to neutral cues during the second session. The results partially validate a conditioning analogue for specific phobias and the inconsistent aspects are discussed in terms of different coping strategies. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular and electrodermal responses from subjects conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli with responses from phobics selected to fear the same stimuli. In the first session of the conditioning group slides of either a snake or a spider were presented. One of these served as a CS+ reinforced by an electrical shock and the other as a CS-, which was never followed by shock. In addition the conditioning group was exposed to two neutral pictures (flowers and mushrooms). The phobic group viewed the same type of stimuli and were administered some electrical shocks uncorrelated with the slides. In the second session, randomly formed halves of each group were shown (a) slides of a spider and a snake, or (b) two neutral ones.There were reliable acquisition effects in the conditioning group with the CS+ evoking larger palmar than dorsal skin conductance responses (SCRs) whereas the reverse was true for the CS-. During extinction differential responding to CS+ and CS- was maintained but palmar/dorsal differentiation disappeared. In the phobic group, feared and non-feared cues elicited differential responding with larger palmar SCRs for the feared cue only. The conditioning group failed to evidence heart rate differentiation during acquisition when all heart rate responses (HRRs) were collapsed into a single trial block (TB). When HRRs were grouped into 2 TBs, responses shifted from deceleration to CS+ on TB1 to acceleration on TB2 whereas responses to CS- were unaffected. During extinction, HR exhibited deceleration to both cues but more to CS+ than to CS-. The phobic group's heart rate accelerated to the feared cue and decelerated to the unfeared cues in both sessions. There was no difference between groups' responses to neutral cues during the second session. The results partially validate a conditioning analogue for specific phobias and the inconsistent aspects are discussed in terms of different coping strategies. |
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| title_short |
Orienting and Defensive Reactions to Phobic and Conditioned Fear Stimuli in Phobics and Normals |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x |
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| doi_str |
10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02480.x |
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2024-07-06T11:09:44.546Z |
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7.4010277 |