Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure
1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean...
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| Autor*in: |
MAGALHÃES, M. FILOMENA [verfasserIn] BATALHA, DIOGO C. [verfasserIn] COLLARES-PEREIRA, MARIA JOÃO [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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| Erschienen: |
Oxford UK: Blackwell Science Ltd ; 2002 |
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Online-Ressource |
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| Reproduktion: |
2002 ; Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Freshwater biology - Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971, 47(2002), 5, Seite 0 |
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:47 ; year:2002 ; number:5 ; pages:0 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x |
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NLEJ242858163 |
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| 520 | |a 1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean streams, where seasonally predictable drying-up may lead to a strong association between assemblage attributes and large-scale factors affecting the distribution of population sources and extinction likelihood.2. The contribution of large-scale factors to stream fish assemblage variation was quantified across a Mediterranean landscape, in south-west Portugal. Fish abundance and species composition were estimated at 166 sites across third- to sixth-order streams, in March–July 1998. Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. Spatial trends always accounted for the smallest fraction of assemblage variation, and they were probably associated with historical barriers to fish dispersal. The strong neighbourhood effects may be related to spatially autocorrelated habitat conditions, but they are also a likely consequence of fish emigration/extinction and colonisation processes.6. These results emphasise that a substantial proportion of fish assemblage variation in Mediterranean streams may be explained by large-scale factors, irrespective of microhabitats and local biotic interactions. It is suggested that this pattern results to a large extent from the seasonal drying-up, with the summer shortage of surface water limiting fish occurrence in headwaters, and consequently the key core areas for fish concentrating in larger streams and tributaries adjacent to large streams because of neighbourhood effects. | ||
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10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242858163 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb MAGALHÃES, M. FILOMENA verfasserin aut Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure Oxford UK Blackwell Science Ltd 2002 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier 1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean streams, where seasonally predictable drying-up may lead to a strong association between assemblage attributes and large-scale factors affecting the distribution of population sources and extinction likelihood.2. The contribution of large-scale factors to stream fish assemblage variation was quantified across a Mediterranean landscape, in south-west Portugal. Fish abundance and species composition were estimated at 166 sites across third- to sixth-order streams, in March–July 1998. Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. Spatial trends always accounted for the smallest fraction of assemblage variation, and they were probably associated with historical barriers to fish dispersal. The strong neighbourhood effects may be related to spatially autocorrelated habitat conditions, but they are also a likely consequence of fish emigration/extinction and colonisation processes.6. These results emphasise that a substantial proportion of fish assemblage variation in Mediterranean streams may be explained by large-scale factors, irrespective of microhabitats and local biotic interactions. It is suggested that this pattern results to a large extent from the seasonal drying-up, with the summer shortage of surface water limiting fish occurrence in headwaters, and consequently the key core areas for fish concentrating in larger streams and tributaries adjacent to large streams because of neighbourhood effects. 2002 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2002|||||||||| fish assemblages BATALHA, DIOGO C. verfasserin aut COLLARES-PEREIRA, MARIA JOÃO verfasserin aut In Freshwater biology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 47(2002), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927282 (DE-600)2020306-8 1365-2427 nnns volume:47 year:2002 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 47 2002 5 0 |
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10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242858163 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb MAGALHÃES, M. FILOMENA verfasserin aut Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure Oxford UK Blackwell Science Ltd 2002 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier 1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean streams, where seasonally predictable drying-up may lead to a strong association between assemblage attributes and large-scale factors affecting the distribution of population sources and extinction likelihood.2. The contribution of large-scale factors to stream fish assemblage variation was quantified across a Mediterranean landscape, in south-west Portugal. Fish abundance and species composition were estimated at 166 sites across third- to sixth-order streams, in March–July 1998. Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. Spatial trends always accounted for the smallest fraction of assemblage variation, and they were probably associated with historical barriers to fish dispersal. The strong neighbourhood effects may be related to spatially autocorrelated habitat conditions, but they are also a likely consequence of fish emigration/extinction and colonisation processes.6. These results emphasise that a substantial proportion of fish assemblage variation in Mediterranean streams may be explained by large-scale factors, irrespective of microhabitats and local biotic interactions. It is suggested that this pattern results to a large extent from the seasonal drying-up, with the summer shortage of surface water limiting fish occurrence in headwaters, and consequently the key core areas for fish concentrating in larger streams and tributaries adjacent to large streams because of neighbourhood effects. 2002 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2002|||||||||| fish assemblages BATALHA, DIOGO C. verfasserin aut COLLARES-PEREIRA, MARIA JOÃO verfasserin aut In Freshwater biology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 47(2002), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927282 (DE-600)2020306-8 1365-2427 nnns volume:47 year:2002 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 47 2002 5 0 |
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10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242858163 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb MAGALHÃES, M. FILOMENA verfasserin aut Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure Oxford UK Blackwell Science Ltd 2002 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier 1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean streams, where seasonally predictable drying-up may lead to a strong association between assemblage attributes and large-scale factors affecting the distribution of population sources and extinction likelihood.2. The contribution of large-scale factors to stream fish assemblage variation was quantified across a Mediterranean landscape, in south-west Portugal. Fish abundance and species composition were estimated at 166 sites across third- to sixth-order streams, in March–July 1998. Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. Spatial trends always accounted for the smallest fraction of assemblage variation, and they were probably associated with historical barriers to fish dispersal. The strong neighbourhood effects may be related to spatially autocorrelated habitat conditions, but they are also a likely consequence of fish emigration/extinction and colonisation processes.6. These results emphasise that a substantial proportion of fish assemblage variation in Mediterranean streams may be explained by large-scale factors, irrespective of microhabitats and local biotic interactions. It is suggested that this pattern results to a large extent from the seasonal drying-up, with the summer shortage of surface water limiting fish occurrence in headwaters, and consequently the key core areas for fish concentrating in larger streams and tributaries adjacent to large streams because of neighbourhood effects. 2002 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2002|||||||||| fish assemblages BATALHA, DIOGO C. verfasserin aut COLLARES-PEREIRA, MARIA JOÃO verfasserin aut In Freshwater biology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 47(2002), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927282 (DE-600)2020306-8 1365-2427 nnns volume:47 year:2002 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 47 2002 5 0 |
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10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242858163 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb MAGALHÃES, M. FILOMENA verfasserin aut Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure Oxford UK Blackwell Science Ltd 2002 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier 1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean streams, where seasonally predictable drying-up may lead to a strong association between assemblage attributes and large-scale factors affecting the distribution of population sources and extinction likelihood.2. The contribution of large-scale factors to stream fish assemblage variation was quantified across a Mediterranean landscape, in south-west Portugal. Fish abundance and species composition were estimated at 166 sites across third- to sixth-order streams, in March–July 1998. Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. Spatial trends always accounted for the smallest fraction of assemblage variation, and they were probably associated with historical barriers to fish dispersal. The strong neighbourhood effects may be related to spatially autocorrelated habitat conditions, but they are also a likely consequence of fish emigration/extinction and colonisation processes.6. These results emphasise that a substantial proportion of fish assemblage variation in Mediterranean streams may be explained by large-scale factors, irrespective of microhabitats and local biotic interactions. It is suggested that this pattern results to a large extent from the seasonal drying-up, with the summer shortage of surface water limiting fish occurrence in headwaters, and consequently the key core areas for fish concentrating in larger streams and tributaries adjacent to large streams because of neighbourhood effects. 2002 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2002|||||||||| fish assemblages BATALHA, DIOGO C. verfasserin aut COLLARES-PEREIRA, MARIA JOÃO verfasserin aut In Freshwater biology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 47(2002), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927282 (DE-600)2020306-8 1365-2427 nnns volume:47 year:2002 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 47 2002 5 0 |
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10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242858163 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb MAGALHÃES, M. FILOMENA verfasserin aut Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure Oxford UK Blackwell Science Ltd 2002 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier 1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean streams, where seasonally predictable drying-up may lead to a strong association between assemblage attributes and large-scale factors affecting the distribution of population sources and extinction likelihood.2. The contribution of large-scale factors to stream fish assemblage variation was quantified across a Mediterranean landscape, in south-west Portugal. Fish abundance and species composition were estimated at 166 sites across third- to sixth-order streams, in March–July 1998. Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. Spatial trends always accounted for the smallest fraction of assemblage variation, and they were probably associated with historical barriers to fish dispersal. The strong neighbourhood effects may be related to spatially autocorrelated habitat conditions, but they are also a likely consequence of fish emigration/extinction and colonisation processes.6. These results emphasise that a substantial proportion of fish assemblage variation in Mediterranean streams may be explained by large-scale factors, irrespective of microhabitats and local biotic interactions. It is suggested that this pattern results to a large extent from the seasonal drying-up, with the summer shortage of surface water limiting fish occurrence in headwaters, and consequently the key core areas for fish concentrating in larger streams and tributaries adjacent to large streams because of neighbourhood effects. 2002 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2002|||||||||| fish assemblages BATALHA, DIOGO C. verfasserin aut COLLARES-PEREIRA, MARIA JOÃO verfasserin aut In Freshwater biology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1971 47(2002), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927282 (DE-600)2020306-8 1365-2427 nnns volume:47 year:2002 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00830.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 47 2002 5 0 |
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Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. 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Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure fish assemblages |
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Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure |
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Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure |
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MAGALHÃES, M. FILOMENA |
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MAGALHÃES, M. FILOMENA BATALHA, DIOGO C. COLLARES-PEREIRA, MARIA JOÃO |
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gradients in stream fish assemblages across a mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure |
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Gradients in stream fish assemblages across a Mediterranean landscape: contributions of environmental factors and spatial structure |
| abstract |
1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean streams, where seasonally predictable drying-up may lead to a strong association between assemblage attributes and large-scale factors affecting the distribution of population sources and extinction likelihood.2. The contribution of large-scale factors to stream fish assemblage variation was quantified across a Mediterranean landscape, in south-west Portugal. Fish abundance and species composition were estimated at 166 sites across third- to sixth-order streams, in March–July 1998. Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. Spatial trends always accounted for the smallest fraction of assemblage variation, and they were probably associated with historical barriers to fish dispersal. The strong neighbourhood effects may be related to spatially autocorrelated habitat conditions, but they are also a likely consequence of fish emigration/extinction and colonisation processes.6. These results emphasise that a substantial proportion of fish assemblage variation in Mediterranean streams may be explained by large-scale factors, irrespective of microhabitats and local biotic interactions. It is suggested that this pattern results to a large extent from the seasonal drying-up, with the summer shortage of surface water limiting fish occurrence in headwaters, and consequently the key core areas for fish concentrating in larger streams and tributaries adjacent to large streams because of neighbourhood effects. |
| abstractGer |
1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean streams, where seasonally predictable drying-up may lead to a strong association between assemblage attributes and large-scale factors affecting the distribution of population sources and extinction likelihood.2. The contribution of large-scale factors to stream fish assemblage variation was quantified across a Mediterranean landscape, in south-west Portugal. Fish abundance and species composition were estimated at 166 sites across third- to sixth-order streams, in March–July 1998. Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. Spatial trends always accounted for the smallest fraction of assemblage variation, and they were probably associated with historical barriers to fish dispersal. The strong neighbourhood effects may be related to spatially autocorrelated habitat conditions, but they are also a likely consequence of fish emigration/extinction and colonisation processes.6. These results emphasise that a substantial proportion of fish assemblage variation in Mediterranean streams may be explained by large-scale factors, irrespective of microhabitats and local biotic interactions. It is suggested that this pattern results to a large extent from the seasonal drying-up, with the summer shortage of surface water limiting fish occurrence in headwaters, and consequently the key core areas for fish concentrating in larger streams and tributaries adjacent to large streams because of neighbourhood effects. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
1. Despite wide recognition that fish assemblages are influenced by factors operating over a range of spatial scales, little effort has been devoted to quantifying large-scale variation and the multiscale dependencies of assemblage patterns and processes. This is particularly true for Mediterranean streams, where seasonally predictable drying-up may lead to a strong association between assemblage attributes and large-scale factors affecting the distribution of population sources and extinction likelihood.2. The contribution of large-scale factors to stream fish assemblage variation was quantified across a Mediterranean landscape, in south-west Portugal. Fish abundance and species composition were estimated at 166 sites across third- to sixth-order streams, in March–July 1998. Variance partitioning by redundancy analyses was used to analyse assemblage variation against three sets of predictor variables: environmental (catchment position, and geomorphic and hydrological factors), large-scale spatial trends and neighbourhood effects.3. Environmental variables and spatial trends accounted for 34.6% of the assemblage variation across the entire region, and for 36.6 and 57.8% within the two largest catchments (Mira and Seixe). Neighbourhood effects were analysed at the catchment scale, increasing the explained variation to 56.1% (Mira) and 70.7% (Seixe).4. A prevailing environmental gradient was reflected in an increase in the abundance of all species and size-classes in relation to catchment position, with more fish present in larger streams and in downstream reaches. Variables describing geomorphic and hydrological settings were less important in explaining assemblage variation.5. Spatial trends always accounted for the smallest fraction of assemblage variation, and they were probably associated with historical barriers to fish dispersal. The strong neighbourhood effects may be related to spatially autocorrelated habitat conditions, but they are also a likely consequence of fish emigration/extinction and colonisation processes.6. These results emphasise that a substantial proportion of fish assemblage variation in Mediterranean streams may be explained by large-scale factors, irrespective of microhabitats and local biotic interactions. It is suggested that this pattern results to a large extent from the seasonal drying-up, with the summer shortage of surface water limiting fish occurrence in headwaters, and consequently the key core areas for fish concentrating in larger streams and tributaries adjacent to large streams because of neighbourhood effects. |
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