A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic
Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and...
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| Autor*in: |
Belkum, Alex [verfasserIn] Schee, Cindy [verfasserIn] Meijden, Willem I [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erschienen: |
Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd ; 2001 |
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| Umfang: |
Online-Ressource |
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| Reproduktion: |
2006 ; Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: FEMS immunology and medical microbiology - Federation of European Microbiological Societies ; GKD-ID: 114439X, Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1993, 32(2001), 1, Seite 0 |
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:32 ; year:2001 ; number:1 ; pages:0 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x |
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NLEJ242927807 |
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| 520 | |a Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Meijden, Willem I |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Verbrugh, Henri A |4 oth | |
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10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242927807 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Belkum, Alex verfasserin aut A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2001 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Sexually transmitted disease Schee, Cindy verfasserin aut Meijden, Willem I verfasserin aut Verbrugh, Henri A oth Sluiters, Hans J.F oth In Federation of European Microbiological Societies ; GKD-ID: 114439X FEMS immunology and medical microbiology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1993 32(2001), 1, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243926014 (DE-600)1500464-8 1574-695X nnns volume:32 year:2001 number:1 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 32 2001 1 0 |
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10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242927807 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Belkum, Alex verfasserin aut A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2001 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Sexually transmitted disease Schee, Cindy verfasserin aut Meijden, Willem I verfasserin aut Verbrugh, Henri A oth Sluiters, Hans J.F oth In Federation of European Microbiological Societies ; GKD-ID: 114439X FEMS immunology and medical microbiology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1993 32(2001), 1, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243926014 (DE-600)1500464-8 1574-695X nnns volume:32 year:2001 number:1 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 32 2001 1 0 |
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10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242927807 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Belkum, Alex verfasserin aut A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2001 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Sexually transmitted disease Schee, Cindy verfasserin aut Meijden, Willem I verfasserin aut Verbrugh, Henri A oth Sluiters, Hans J.F oth In Federation of European Microbiological Societies ; GKD-ID: 114439X FEMS immunology and medical microbiology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1993 32(2001), 1, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243926014 (DE-600)1500464-8 1574-695X nnns volume:32 year:2001 number:1 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 32 2001 1 0 |
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10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242927807 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Belkum, Alex verfasserin aut A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2001 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Sexually transmitted disease Schee, Cindy verfasserin aut Meijden, Willem I verfasserin aut Verbrugh, Henri A oth Sluiters, Hans J.F oth In Federation of European Microbiological Societies ; GKD-ID: 114439X FEMS immunology and medical microbiology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1993 32(2001), 1, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243926014 (DE-600)1500464-8 1574-695X nnns volume:32 year:2001 number:1 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 32 2001 1 0 |
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10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ242927807 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Belkum, Alex verfasserin aut A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2001 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts. 2006 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2006|||||||||| Sexually transmitted disease Schee, Cindy verfasserin aut Meijden, Willem I verfasserin aut Verbrugh, Henri A oth Sluiters, Hans J.F oth In Federation of European Microbiological Societies ; GKD-ID: 114439X FEMS immunology and medical microbiology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1993 32(2001), 1, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243926014 (DE-600)1500464-8 1574-695X nnns volume:32 year:2001 number:1 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00529.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 32 2001 1 0 |
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A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. 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Belkum, Alex misc Sexually transmitted disease A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic |
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A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic Sexually transmitted disease |
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a clinical study on the association of trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) outpatient clinic |
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A clinical study on the association of Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis infections in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic |
| abstract |
Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts. |
| abstractGer |
Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Swabs from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained from 804 consecutive female patients visiting a large Dutch sexually transmitted diseases (STD) outpatient clinic. A detailed clinical history was obtained and complaints concerning the lower genital tract, such as vaginal discharge or vulval and vaginal irritation, were recorded. Patients were examined and the presence of non-physiological vaginal secretions was established by speculum examination. The swabs were monitored for bacterial vaginosis (BV) or Candida albicans infection. PCR diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was performed as well. Four groups of patients (n=14–21) with BV or single infections caused by one of these three pathogens and a control group with no pathogens were selected and Mycoplasma hominis PCR was performed additionally. At clinical presentation, controls and single-infected patient groups were comparable with regard to complaints of the lower genital tract and sexual risk behavior defined as having prior STDs and/or admitted prostitution. Only in the T. vaginalis-positive group significantly more women reporting sexual risk behavior were found than in controls. In agreement with former in vitro observations, an in vivo association between the PCR-detected presence of M. hominis and T. vaginalis was established. In 79% of all samples positive for T. vaginalis, M. hominis could be detected, as compared to only 6% in control samples (P=0.0004). However, since single infections by either of the two pathogens were regularly observed, there does not seem to be an exclusive association between the species, as the bacterium is also more frequently found in cases of BV (P=0.026). Co-infection of M. hominis with C. albicans (11%) or C. trachomatis (0%) did not differ significantly from controls (6%). M. hominis did not associate with complaints of the lower genital tract. However, if all groups were combined there appears to be a very significant association between the presence of M. hominis and sexual risk behavior (P=0.0004). M. hominis and sexual risk behavior were more closely associated than M. hominis and T. vaginalis. No indications were found for an enhanced pathogenicity by either of the symbionts. |
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