Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush
Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomi...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
McCracken, G. I. [verfasserIn] Janssen, J. [verfasserIn] Swan, M. [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erschienen: |
Oxford, UK: Munksgaard International Publishers ; 2003 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
Online-Ressource |
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| Reproduktion: |
2003 ; Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Journal of clinical periodontology - Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1974, 30(2003), 5, Seite 0 |
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:30 ; year:2003 ; number:5 ; pages:0 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
NLEJ243323980 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford, UK |b Munksgaard International Publishers |c 2003 | |
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| 520 | |a Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p<0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p<0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Janssen, J. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Swan, M. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Steen, N. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a De Jager, M. |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Heasman, P. A. |4 oth | |
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10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243323980 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb McCracken, G. I. verfasserin aut Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2003 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p<0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p<0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible. 2003 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2003|||||||||| oral hygiene Janssen, J. verfasserin aut Swan, M. verfasserin aut Steen, N. oth De Jager, M. oth Heasman, P. A. oth In Journal of clinical periodontology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1974 30(2003), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927142 (DE-600)2026349-1 1600-051X nnns volume:30 year:2003 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 30 2003 5 0 |
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10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243323980 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb McCracken, G. I. verfasserin aut Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2003 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p<0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p<0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible. 2003 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2003|||||||||| oral hygiene Janssen, J. verfasserin aut Swan, M. verfasserin aut Steen, N. oth De Jager, M. oth Heasman, P. A. oth In Journal of clinical periodontology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1974 30(2003), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927142 (DE-600)2026349-1 1600-051X nnns volume:30 year:2003 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 30 2003 5 0 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243323980 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb McCracken, G. I. verfasserin aut Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2003 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p<0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p<0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible. 2003 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2003|||||||||| oral hygiene Janssen, J. verfasserin aut Swan, M. verfasserin aut Steen, N. oth De Jager, M. oth Heasman, P. A. oth In Journal of clinical periodontology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1974 30(2003), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927142 (DE-600)2026349-1 1600-051X nnns volume:30 year:2003 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 30 2003 5 0 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243323980 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb McCracken, G. I. verfasserin aut Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2003 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p<0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p<0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible. 2003 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2003|||||||||| oral hygiene Janssen, J. verfasserin aut Swan, M. verfasserin aut Steen, N. oth De Jager, M. oth Heasman, P. A. oth In Journal of clinical periodontology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1974 30(2003), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927142 (DE-600)2026349-1 1600-051X nnns volume:30 year:2003 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 30 2003 5 0 |
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10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243323980 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb McCracken, G. I. verfasserin aut Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2003 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p<0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p<0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible. 2003 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2003|||||||||| oral hygiene Janssen, J. verfasserin aut Swan, M. verfasserin aut Steen, N. oth De Jager, M. oth Heasman, P. A. oth In Journal of clinical periodontology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1974 30(2003), 5, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243927142 (DE-600)2026349-1 1600-051X nnns volume:30 year:2003 number:5 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 30 2003 5 0 |
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Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush |
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Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush |
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McCracken, G. I. |
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2003 |
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McCracken, G. I. Janssen, J. Swan, M. |
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McCracken, G. I. |
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10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.20008.x |
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effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush |
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Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush |
| abstract |
Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p<0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p<0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible. |
| abstractGer |
Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p<0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p<0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Objectives: Primary objective – To determine the effect of varying brushing forces and brushing times upon the plaque-removing efficacy of a powered toothbrush. Secondary objective – to determine the optimum combination of brushing force and time for plaque removal.Material and Methods: This randomised, single-blind, 16-cell, cross-over trial compared the efficacy of plaque removal of a powered toothbrush (PTB) used with four brushing forces (75, 150, 225 and 300 g) and over four brushing times (30, 60, 120 and 180 s). Twelve volunteers (18–30 years) were recruited and trained to use the Philips/Jordan Sensiflex 2000 PTB, which was modified so that specified forces and times could be recorded. Each subject was asked to abstain from all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hs prior to each brushing event, to allow plaque accumulation. Plaque was recorded using a modified Quigley & Hein index (PI) at six points per tooth before and after each episode of brushing, and the differences in the means (pre- to postbrushing) were compared. Three-way anova was undertaken to compare differences between plaque-removing efficacy for the 16 combinations of force and time. Subjects, brushing time and brushing force were used as fixed effects within the analysis.Results: All 12 subjects participating completed the 16 combinations of force and time over which plaque removal was assessed. Statistically significant differences in PI reductions were found between different brushing times and forces over all tooth surfaces (p<0.001). The interaction of varying brushing force and brushing time was significant for full mouth (FM) and interproximal (IP) sites (p<0.03). No statistical significance was demonstrated for smooth surface (SS) sites, nor was it detected for the interaction of subjects with brushing force or subjects with brushing time (p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that brushing time and brushing force have significant effects upon the level of plaque removal by a PTB, and at 120 s brushing time the improvement in plaque removal with forces in excess of 150 g was negligible. |
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Effect of brushing force and time on plaque removal using a powered toothbrush |
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Janssen, J. Swan, M. Steen, N. De Jager, M. Heasman, P. A. |
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