Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography
Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechani...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Hendriks, F. M. [verfasserIn] Brokken, D. [verfasserIn] Oomens, C. W. J. [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erschienen: |
Oxford, UK: Munksgaard International Publishers ; 2004 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
Online-Ressource |
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| Reproduktion: |
2004 ; Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Skin research and technology - Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, 10(2004), 4, Seite 0 |
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:10 ; year:2004 ; number:4 ; pages:0 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x |
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| Katalog-ID: |
NLEJ243675283 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hendriks, F. M. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford, UK |b Munksgaard International Publishers |c 2004 | |
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| 520 | |a Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis. | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Oomens, C. W. J. |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Baaijens, F. P. T. |4 oth | |
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10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243675283 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Hendriks, F. M. verfasserin aut Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2004 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis. 2004 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2004|||||||||| finite element model Brokken, D. verfasserin aut Oomens, C. W. J. verfasserin aut Baaijens, F. P. T. oth In Skin research and technology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1995 10(2004), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243925786 (DE-600)2025540-8 1600-0846 nnns volume:10 year:2004 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 10 2004 4 0 |
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10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243675283 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Hendriks, F. M. verfasserin aut Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2004 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis. 2004 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2004|||||||||| finite element model Brokken, D. verfasserin aut Oomens, C. W. J. verfasserin aut Baaijens, F. P. T. oth In Skin research and technology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1995 10(2004), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243925786 (DE-600)2025540-8 1600-0846 nnns volume:10 year:2004 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 10 2004 4 0 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243675283 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Hendriks, F. M. verfasserin aut Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2004 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis. 2004 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2004|||||||||| finite element model Brokken, D. verfasserin aut Oomens, C. W. J. verfasserin aut Baaijens, F. P. T. oth In Skin research and technology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1995 10(2004), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243925786 (DE-600)2025540-8 1600-0846 nnns volume:10 year:2004 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 10 2004 4 0 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243675283 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Hendriks, F. M. verfasserin aut Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2004 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis. 2004 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2004|||||||||| finite element model Brokken, D. verfasserin aut Oomens, C. W. J. verfasserin aut Baaijens, F. P. T. oth In Skin research and technology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1995 10(2004), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243925786 (DE-600)2025540-8 1600-0846 nnns volume:10 year:2004 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 10 2004 4 0 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x doi (DE-627)NLEJ243675283 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Hendriks, F. M. verfasserin aut Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography Oxford, UK Munksgaard International Publishers 2004 Online-Ressource nicht spezifiziert zzz rdacontent nicht spezifiziert z rdamedia nicht spezifiziert zu rdacarrier Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis. 2004 Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005 |2004|||||||||| finite element model Brokken, D. verfasserin aut Oomens, C. W. J. verfasserin aut Baaijens, F. P. T. oth In Skin research and technology Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1995 10(2004), 4, Seite 0 Online-Ressource (DE-627)NLEJ243925786 (DE-600)2025540-8 1600-0846 nnns volume:10 year:2004 number:4 pages:0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x text/html Verlag Deutschlandweit zugänglich Volltext GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DJB GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 10 2004 4 0 |
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M.</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Oxford, UK</subfield><subfield code="b">Munksgaard International Publishers</subfield><subfield code="c">2004</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zzz</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">z</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">nicht spezifiziert</subfield><subfield code="b">zu</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. 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Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography |
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Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography |
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Hendriks, F. M. |
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Skin research and technology |
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2004 |
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Hendriks, F. M. Brokken, D. Oomens, C. W. J. |
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Elektronische Aufsätze |
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Hendriks, F. M. |
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10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x |
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verfasserin |
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influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography |
| title_auth |
Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography |
| abstract |
Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis. |
| abstractGer |
Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis. |
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Influence of hydration and experimental length scale on the mechanical response of human skin in vivo, using optical coherence tomography |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2004.00077.x |
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Brokken, D. Oomens, C. W. J. Baaijens, F. P. T. |
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