Understanding the German Mixed Tribunal
Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and de...
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| Autor*in: |
Machura, Stefan [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Erschienen: |
De Gruyter Oldenbourg ; 2016 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Umfang: |
30 |
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| Reproduktion: |
Walter de Gruyter Online Zeitschriften |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie - 36(2016), 2 vom: 8. Dez., Seite 273-302 |
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:36 ; year:2016 ; number:2 ; day:8 ; month:12 ; pages:273-302 ; extent:30 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 |
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NLEJ247748579 |
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| 520 | |a Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and deliberation. Side judges, usually the lay assessors, sometimes supplemented by further professional judges, have equal rights when it comes to selecting the legal rules to be applied, making procedural decisions during the hearing, and deciding on the case outcome. Lay members of a mixed court serve for several years, and hear a multitude of cases: they build up experience. Compared to jury courts, mixed courts are more affordable, and able to deal with a larger number of cases.#abs#Mixed courts vary as regards the qualifications required by lay judges. Some courts (e.g. labour and – sometimes – youth criminal courts) employ expert lay judges. Depending on their personality, presiding judges – in whatever kind of tribunal – may dominate their professional colleagues and also lay judges. This is one of the factors endangering the effective participation of lay assessors. Another factor is the drive to settle cases quickly, which tends to curtail or prevent deliberation. While there are deeply engaged honorary judges, others with different personality traits prefer to keep a low profile. This said, empirical research indicates that lay judges are more engaged, if their concern for procedural fairness and justice is aroused in the course of a trial. | ||
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10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 doi articles2015-2020.pp (DE-627)NLEJ247748579 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Machura, Stefan verfasserin aut Understanding the German Mixed Tribunal De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2016 30 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and deliberation. Side judges, usually the lay assessors, sometimes supplemented by further professional judges, have equal rights when it comes to selecting the legal rules to be applied, making procedural decisions during the hearing, and deciding on the case outcome. Lay members of a mixed court serve for several years, and hear a multitude of cases: they build up experience. Compared to jury courts, mixed courts are more affordable, and able to deal with a larger number of cases.#abs#Mixed courts vary as regards the qualifications required by lay judges. Some courts (e.g. labour and – sometimes – youth criminal courts) employ expert lay judges. Depending on their personality, presiding judges – in whatever kind of tribunal – may dominate their professional colleagues and also lay judges. This is one of the factors endangering the effective participation of lay assessors. Another factor is the drive to settle cases quickly, which tends to curtail or prevent deliberation. While there are deeply engaged honorary judges, others with different personality traits prefer to keep a low profile. This said, empirical research indicates that lay judges are more engaged, if their concern for procedural fairness and justice is aroused in the course of a trial. Walter de Gruyter Online Zeitschriften Court procedure German legal system judges lay judges mixed court Enthalten in Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie 36(2016), 2 vom: 8. Dez., Seite 273-302 (DE-627)NLEJ248237020 (DE-600)2441485-2 2366-0392 nnns volume:36 year:2016 number:2 day:8 month:12 pages:273-302 extent:30 https://doi.org/10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 Deutschlandweit zugänglich GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DGR GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 36 2016 2 8 12 273-302 30 |
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10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 doi articles2015-2020.pp (DE-627)NLEJ247748579 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Machura, Stefan verfasserin aut Understanding the German Mixed Tribunal De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2016 30 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and deliberation. Side judges, usually the lay assessors, sometimes supplemented by further professional judges, have equal rights when it comes to selecting the legal rules to be applied, making procedural decisions during the hearing, and deciding on the case outcome. Lay members of a mixed court serve for several years, and hear a multitude of cases: they build up experience. Compared to jury courts, mixed courts are more affordable, and able to deal with a larger number of cases.#abs#Mixed courts vary as regards the qualifications required by lay judges. Some courts (e.g. labour and – sometimes – youth criminal courts) employ expert lay judges. Depending on their personality, presiding judges – in whatever kind of tribunal – may dominate their professional colleagues and also lay judges. This is one of the factors endangering the effective participation of lay assessors. Another factor is the drive to settle cases quickly, which tends to curtail or prevent deliberation. While there are deeply engaged honorary judges, others with different personality traits prefer to keep a low profile. This said, empirical research indicates that lay judges are more engaged, if their concern for procedural fairness and justice is aroused in the course of a trial. Walter de Gruyter Online Zeitschriften Court procedure German legal system judges lay judges mixed court Enthalten in Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie 36(2016), 2 vom: 8. Dez., Seite 273-302 (DE-627)NLEJ248237020 (DE-600)2441485-2 2366-0392 nnns volume:36 year:2016 number:2 day:8 month:12 pages:273-302 extent:30 https://doi.org/10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 Deutschlandweit zugänglich GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DGR GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 36 2016 2 8 12 273-302 30 |
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10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 doi articles2015-2020.pp (DE-627)NLEJ247748579 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Machura, Stefan verfasserin aut Understanding the German Mixed Tribunal De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2016 30 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and deliberation. Side judges, usually the lay assessors, sometimes supplemented by further professional judges, have equal rights when it comes to selecting the legal rules to be applied, making procedural decisions during the hearing, and deciding on the case outcome. Lay members of a mixed court serve for several years, and hear a multitude of cases: they build up experience. Compared to jury courts, mixed courts are more affordable, and able to deal with a larger number of cases.#abs#Mixed courts vary as regards the qualifications required by lay judges. Some courts (e.g. labour and – sometimes – youth criminal courts) employ expert lay judges. Depending on their personality, presiding judges – in whatever kind of tribunal – may dominate their professional colleagues and also lay judges. This is one of the factors endangering the effective participation of lay assessors. Another factor is the drive to settle cases quickly, which tends to curtail or prevent deliberation. While there are deeply engaged honorary judges, others with different personality traits prefer to keep a low profile. This said, empirical research indicates that lay judges are more engaged, if their concern for procedural fairness and justice is aroused in the course of a trial. Walter de Gruyter Online Zeitschriften Court procedure German legal system judges lay judges mixed court Enthalten in Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie 36(2016), 2 vom: 8. Dez., Seite 273-302 (DE-627)NLEJ248237020 (DE-600)2441485-2 2366-0392 nnns volume:36 year:2016 number:2 day:8 month:12 pages:273-302 extent:30 https://doi.org/10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 Deutschlandweit zugänglich GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DGR GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 36 2016 2 8 12 273-302 30 |
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10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 doi articles2015-2020.pp (DE-627)NLEJ247748579 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Machura, Stefan verfasserin aut Understanding the German Mixed Tribunal De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2016 30 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and deliberation. Side judges, usually the lay assessors, sometimes supplemented by further professional judges, have equal rights when it comes to selecting the legal rules to be applied, making procedural decisions during the hearing, and deciding on the case outcome. Lay members of a mixed court serve for several years, and hear a multitude of cases: they build up experience. Compared to jury courts, mixed courts are more affordable, and able to deal with a larger number of cases.#abs#Mixed courts vary as regards the qualifications required by lay judges. Some courts (e.g. labour and – sometimes – youth criminal courts) employ expert lay judges. Depending on their personality, presiding judges – in whatever kind of tribunal – may dominate their professional colleagues and also lay judges. This is one of the factors endangering the effective participation of lay assessors. Another factor is the drive to settle cases quickly, which tends to curtail or prevent deliberation. While there are deeply engaged honorary judges, others with different personality traits prefer to keep a low profile. This said, empirical research indicates that lay judges are more engaged, if their concern for procedural fairness and justice is aroused in the course of a trial. Walter de Gruyter Online Zeitschriften Court procedure German legal system judges lay judges mixed court Enthalten in Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie 36(2016), 2 vom: 8. Dez., Seite 273-302 (DE-627)NLEJ248237020 (DE-600)2441485-2 2366-0392 nnns volume:36 year:2016 number:2 day:8 month:12 pages:273-302 extent:30 https://doi.org/10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 Deutschlandweit zugänglich GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DGR GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 36 2016 2 8 12 273-302 30 |
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10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 doi articles2015-2020.pp (DE-627)NLEJ247748579 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb Machura, Stefan verfasserin aut Understanding the German Mixed Tribunal De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2016 30 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and deliberation. Side judges, usually the lay assessors, sometimes supplemented by further professional judges, have equal rights when it comes to selecting the legal rules to be applied, making procedural decisions during the hearing, and deciding on the case outcome. Lay members of a mixed court serve for several years, and hear a multitude of cases: they build up experience. Compared to jury courts, mixed courts are more affordable, and able to deal with a larger number of cases.#abs#Mixed courts vary as regards the qualifications required by lay judges. Some courts (e.g. labour and – sometimes – youth criminal courts) employ expert lay judges. Depending on their personality, presiding judges – in whatever kind of tribunal – may dominate their professional colleagues and also lay judges. This is one of the factors endangering the effective participation of lay assessors. Another factor is the drive to settle cases quickly, which tends to curtail or prevent deliberation. While there are deeply engaged honorary judges, others with different personality traits prefer to keep a low profile. This said, empirical research indicates that lay judges are more engaged, if their concern for procedural fairness and justice is aroused in the course of a trial. Walter de Gruyter Online Zeitschriften Court procedure German legal system judges lay judges mixed court Enthalten in Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie 36(2016), 2 vom: 8. Dez., Seite 273-302 (DE-627)NLEJ248237020 (DE-600)2441485-2 2366-0392 nnns volume:36 year:2016 number:2 day:8 month:12 pages:273-302 extent:30 https://doi.org/10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 Deutschlandweit zugänglich GBV_USEFLAG_U ZDB-1-DGR GBV_NL_ARTICLE AR 36 2016 2 8 12 273-302 30 |
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Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and deliberation. Side judges, usually the lay assessors, sometimes supplemented by further professional judges, have equal rights when it comes to selecting the legal rules to be applied, making procedural decisions during the hearing, and deciding on the case outcome. Lay members of a mixed court serve for several years, and hear a multitude of cases: they build up experience. Compared to jury courts, mixed courts are more affordable, and able to deal with a larger number of cases.#abs#Mixed courts vary as regards the qualifications required by lay judges. Some courts (e.g. labour and – sometimes – youth criminal courts) employ expert lay judges. Depending on their personality, presiding judges – in whatever kind of tribunal – may dominate their professional colleagues and also lay judges. This is one of the factors endangering the effective participation of lay assessors. Another factor is the drive to settle cases quickly, which tends to curtail or prevent deliberation. While there are deeply engaged honorary judges, others with different personality traits prefer to keep a low profile. This said, empirical research indicates that lay judges are more engaged, if their concern for procedural fairness and justice is aroused in the course of a trial. |
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Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and deliberation. Side judges, usually the lay assessors, sometimes supplemented by further professional judges, have equal rights when it comes to selecting the legal rules to be applied, making procedural decisions during the hearing, and deciding on the case outcome. Lay members of a mixed court serve for several years, and hear a multitude of cases: they build up experience. Compared to jury courts, mixed courts are more affordable, and able to deal with a larger number of cases.#abs#Mixed courts vary as regards the qualifications required by lay judges. Some courts (e.g. labour and – sometimes – youth criminal courts) employ expert lay judges. Depending on their personality, presiding judges – in whatever kind of tribunal – may dominate their professional colleagues and also lay judges. This is one of the factors endangering the effective participation of lay assessors. Another factor is the drive to settle cases quickly, which tends to curtail or prevent deliberation. While there are deeply engaged honorary judges, others with different personality traits prefer to keep a low profile. This said, empirical research indicates that lay judges are more engaged, if their concern for procedural fairness and justice is aroused in the course of a trial. |
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Germany employs mixed tribunals in a number of its courts, including the criminal, administrative and labour courts. They are markedly different from courts with juries, which separate the professional judge from the lay jury. In a mixed tribunal a professional judge presides over the hearing and deliberation. Side judges, usually the lay assessors, sometimes supplemented by further professional judges, have equal rights when it comes to selecting the legal rules to be applied, making procedural decisions during the hearing, and deciding on the case outcome. Lay members of a mixed court serve for several years, and hear a multitude of cases: they build up experience. Compared to jury courts, mixed courts are more affordable, and able to deal with a larger number of cases.#abs#Mixed courts vary as regards the qualifications required by lay judges. Some courts (e.g. labour and – sometimes – youth criminal courts) employ expert lay judges. Depending on their personality, presiding judges – in whatever kind of tribunal – may dominate their professional colleagues and also lay judges. This is one of the factors endangering the effective participation of lay assessors. Another factor is the drive to settle cases quickly, which tends to curtail or prevent deliberation. While there are deeply engaged honorary judges, others with different personality traits prefer to keep a low profile. This said, empirical research indicates that lay judges are more engaged, if their concern for procedural fairness and justice is aroused in the course of a trial. |
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10.1515/zfrs-2016-0022 |
| up_date |
2024-07-05T21:35:26.527Z |
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