System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems

Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (F...
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Autor*in:	Douglass, Philip J [verfasserIn] Heussen, Kai Shi You Gehrke, Oliver Ostergaard, Jacob

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2015

Schlagwörter:	narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system AC power system islanding information carrier AC generators diesel-electric generators load management power generation dispatch Power system stability rotating machines Generators control systems laboratory tests system frequency regulation power generation control energy management diesel generators invertors discrete systems frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources voltage-source inverters power generators power generation resources Distributed energy resources Frequency modulation power-line communication transmitter dispatching blocks Time-frequency analysis off-nominal system frequency value protocol ROCOF values change of frequency rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) frequency setpoint values power frequency communication distributed power generation frequency control design considerations signaling discrete system ultra narrowband FS-DER

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: IEEE transactions on power delivery - New York, NY : IEEE, 1986, 30(2015), 2, Seite 773-782
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:30 ; year:2015 ; number:2 ; pages:773-782

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694

Katalog-ID:	OLC1957847565

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520			\|a Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (FS-DER) using changes to frequency setpoint values of generators. Signaling discrete system states by generating off-nominal system frequency values can be used as a novel narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel. This paper describes two protocols for utilizing off-nominal frequencies to carry information: First, a protocol for dispatching blocks of FS-DER that is suitable for systems restricted to relatively slow rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). Second, for systems that allow higher ROCOF values, the feasibility of using power generation resources as a power-line communication transmitter is shown. Data from an operating islanded power system with diesel generators are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by rotating machines. The feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by voltage-source inverters is shown with laboratory tests of a 20-kVA inverter. The inverter was found to have a maximum ROCOF of 2.2 Hz/s, sufficient to enable its use as a power-line communication transmitter.
650		4	\|a narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system
650		4	\|a AC power system islanding
650		4	\|a information carrier
650		4	\|a AC generators
650		4	\|a diesel-electric generators
650		4	\|a load management
650		4	\|a power generation dispatch
650		4	\|a Power system stability
650		4	\|a rotating machines
650		4	\|a Generators
650		4	\|a control systems
650		4	\|a laboratory tests
650		4	\|a system frequency regulation
650		4	\|a power generation control
650		4	\|a energy management
650		4	\|a diesel generators
650		4	\|a invertors
650		4	\|a discrete systems
650		4	\|a frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources
650		4	\|a voltage-source inverters
650		4	\|a power generators
650		4	\|a power generation resources
650		4	\|a Distributed energy resources
650		4	\|a Frequency modulation
650		4	\|a power-line communication transmitter
650		4	\|a dispatching blocks
650		4	\|a Time-frequency analysis
650		4	\|a off-nominal system frequency value protocol
650		4	\|a ROCOF values
650		4	\|a change of frequency
650		4	\|a rates of change of frequency (ROCOF)
650		4	\|a frequency setpoint values
650		4	\|a power frequency communication
650		4	\|a distributed power generation
650		4	\|a frequency control
650		4	\|a design considerations
650		4	\|a signaling discrete system
650		4	\|a ultra narrowband
650		4	\|a FS-DER
700	1		\|a Heussen, Kai \|4 oth
700	0		\|a Shi You \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Gehrke, Oliver \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Ostergaard, Jacob \|4 oth
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allfields	10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1957847565 (DE-599)GBVOLC1957847565 (PRQ)c1569-4cb46a8b109feb29bd13a7cefd8441a44b57bcdaf7d6ec95415af36381af61da0 (KEY)0163644820150000030000200773systemfrequencyasinformationcarrierinacpowersystem DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Douglass, Philip J verfasserin aut System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (FS-DER) using changes to frequency setpoint values of generators. Signaling discrete system states by generating off-nominal system frequency values can be used as a novel narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel. This paper describes two protocols for utilizing off-nominal frequencies to carry information: First, a protocol for dispatching blocks of FS-DER that is suitable for systems restricted to relatively slow rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). Second, for systems that allow higher ROCOF values, the feasibility of using power generation resources as a power-line communication transmitter is shown. Data from an operating islanded power system with diesel generators are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by rotating machines. The feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by voltage-source inverters is shown with laboratory tests of a 20-kVA inverter. The inverter was found to have a maximum ROCOF of 2.2 Hz/s, sufficient to enable its use as a power-line communication transmitter. narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system AC power system islanding information carrier AC generators diesel-electric generators load management power generation dispatch Power system stability rotating machines Generators control systems laboratory tests system frequency regulation power generation control energy management diesel generators invertors discrete systems frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources voltage-source inverters power generators power generation resources Distributed energy resources Frequency modulation power-line communication transmitter dispatching blocks Time-frequency analysis off-nominal system frequency value protocol ROCOF values change of frequency rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) frequency setpoint values power frequency communication distributed power generation frequency control design considerations signaling discrete system ultra narrowband FS-DER Heussen, Kai oth Shi You oth Gehrke, Oliver oth Ostergaard, Jacob oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on power delivery New York, NY : IEEE, 1986 30(2015), 2, Seite 773-782 (DE-627)129382914 (DE-600)165807-4 (DE-576)014769328 0885-8977 nnns volume:30 year:2015 number:2 pages:773-782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7042356 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2061 AR 30 2015 2 773-782
spelling	10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1957847565 (DE-599)GBVOLC1957847565 (PRQ)c1569-4cb46a8b109feb29bd13a7cefd8441a44b57bcdaf7d6ec95415af36381af61da0 (KEY)0163644820150000030000200773systemfrequencyasinformationcarrierinacpowersystem DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Douglass, Philip J verfasserin aut System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (FS-DER) using changes to frequency setpoint values of generators. Signaling discrete system states by generating off-nominal system frequency values can be used as a novel narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel. This paper describes two protocols for utilizing off-nominal frequencies to carry information: First, a protocol for dispatching blocks of FS-DER that is suitable for systems restricted to relatively slow rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). Second, for systems that allow higher ROCOF values, the feasibility of using power generation resources as a power-line communication transmitter is shown. Data from an operating islanded power system with diesel generators are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by rotating machines. The feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by voltage-source inverters is shown with laboratory tests of a 20-kVA inverter. The inverter was found to have a maximum ROCOF of 2.2 Hz/s, sufficient to enable its use as a power-line communication transmitter. narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system AC power system islanding information carrier AC generators diesel-electric generators load management power generation dispatch Power system stability rotating machines Generators control systems laboratory tests system frequency regulation power generation control energy management diesel generators invertors discrete systems frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources voltage-source inverters power generators power generation resources Distributed energy resources Frequency modulation power-line communication transmitter dispatching blocks Time-frequency analysis off-nominal system frequency value protocol ROCOF values change of frequency rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) frequency setpoint values power frequency communication distributed power generation frequency control design considerations signaling discrete system ultra narrowband FS-DER Heussen, Kai oth Shi You oth Gehrke, Oliver oth Ostergaard, Jacob oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on power delivery New York, NY : IEEE, 1986 30(2015), 2, Seite 773-782 (DE-627)129382914 (DE-600)165807-4 (DE-576)014769328 0885-8977 nnns volume:30 year:2015 number:2 pages:773-782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7042356 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2061 AR 30 2015 2 773-782
allfields_unstemmed	10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1957847565 (DE-599)GBVOLC1957847565 (PRQ)c1569-4cb46a8b109feb29bd13a7cefd8441a44b57bcdaf7d6ec95415af36381af61da0 (KEY)0163644820150000030000200773systemfrequencyasinformationcarrierinacpowersystem DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Douglass, Philip J verfasserin aut System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (FS-DER) using changes to frequency setpoint values of generators. Signaling discrete system states by generating off-nominal system frequency values can be used as a novel narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel. This paper describes two protocols for utilizing off-nominal frequencies to carry information: First, a protocol for dispatching blocks of FS-DER that is suitable for systems restricted to relatively slow rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). Second, for systems that allow higher ROCOF values, the feasibility of using power generation resources as a power-line communication transmitter is shown. Data from an operating islanded power system with diesel generators are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by rotating machines. The feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by voltage-source inverters is shown with laboratory tests of a 20-kVA inverter. The inverter was found to have a maximum ROCOF of 2.2 Hz/s, sufficient to enable its use as a power-line communication transmitter. narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system AC power system islanding information carrier AC generators diesel-electric generators load management power generation dispatch Power system stability rotating machines Generators control systems laboratory tests system frequency regulation power generation control energy management diesel generators invertors discrete systems frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources voltage-source inverters power generators power generation resources Distributed energy resources Frequency modulation power-line communication transmitter dispatching blocks Time-frequency analysis off-nominal system frequency value protocol ROCOF values change of frequency rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) frequency setpoint values power frequency communication distributed power generation frequency control design considerations signaling discrete system ultra narrowband FS-DER Heussen, Kai oth Shi You oth Gehrke, Oliver oth Ostergaard, Jacob oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on power delivery New York, NY : IEEE, 1986 30(2015), 2, Seite 773-782 (DE-627)129382914 (DE-600)165807-4 (DE-576)014769328 0885-8977 nnns volume:30 year:2015 number:2 pages:773-782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7042356 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2061 AR 30 2015 2 773-782
allfieldsGer	10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1957847565 (DE-599)GBVOLC1957847565 (PRQ)c1569-4cb46a8b109feb29bd13a7cefd8441a44b57bcdaf7d6ec95415af36381af61da0 (KEY)0163644820150000030000200773systemfrequencyasinformationcarrierinacpowersystem DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Douglass, Philip J verfasserin aut System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (FS-DER) using changes to frequency setpoint values of generators. Signaling discrete system states by generating off-nominal system frequency values can be used as a novel narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel. This paper describes two protocols for utilizing off-nominal frequencies to carry information: First, a protocol for dispatching blocks of FS-DER that is suitable for systems restricted to relatively slow rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). Second, for systems that allow higher ROCOF values, the feasibility of using power generation resources as a power-line communication transmitter is shown. Data from an operating islanded power system with diesel generators are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by rotating machines. The feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by voltage-source inverters is shown with laboratory tests of a 20-kVA inverter. The inverter was found to have a maximum ROCOF of 2.2 Hz/s, sufficient to enable its use as a power-line communication transmitter. narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system AC power system islanding information carrier AC generators diesel-electric generators load management power generation dispatch Power system stability rotating machines Generators control systems laboratory tests system frequency regulation power generation control energy management diesel generators invertors discrete systems frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources voltage-source inverters power generators power generation resources Distributed energy resources Frequency modulation power-line communication transmitter dispatching blocks Time-frequency analysis off-nominal system frequency value protocol ROCOF values change of frequency rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) frequency setpoint values power frequency communication distributed power generation frequency control design considerations signaling discrete system ultra narrowband FS-DER Heussen, Kai oth Shi You oth Gehrke, Oliver oth Ostergaard, Jacob oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on power delivery New York, NY : IEEE, 1986 30(2015), 2, Seite 773-782 (DE-627)129382914 (DE-600)165807-4 (DE-576)014769328 0885-8977 nnns volume:30 year:2015 number:2 pages:773-782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7042356 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2061 AR 30 2015 2 773-782
allfieldsSound	10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1957847565 (DE-599)GBVOLC1957847565 (PRQ)c1569-4cb46a8b109feb29bd13a7cefd8441a44b57bcdaf7d6ec95415af36381af61da0 (KEY)0163644820150000030000200773systemfrequencyasinformationcarrierinacpowersystem DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Douglass, Philip J verfasserin aut System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (FS-DER) using changes to frequency setpoint values of generators. Signaling discrete system states by generating off-nominal system frequency values can be used as a novel narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel. This paper describes two protocols for utilizing off-nominal frequencies to carry information: First, a protocol for dispatching blocks of FS-DER that is suitable for systems restricted to relatively slow rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). Second, for systems that allow higher ROCOF values, the feasibility of using power generation resources as a power-line communication transmitter is shown. Data from an operating islanded power system with diesel generators are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by rotating machines. The feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by voltage-source inverters is shown with laboratory tests of a 20-kVA inverter. The inverter was found to have a maximum ROCOF of 2.2 Hz/s, sufficient to enable its use as a power-line communication transmitter. narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system AC power system islanding information carrier AC generators diesel-electric generators load management power generation dispatch Power system stability rotating machines Generators control systems laboratory tests system frequency regulation power generation control energy management diesel generators invertors discrete systems frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources voltage-source inverters power generators power generation resources Distributed energy resources Frequency modulation power-line communication transmitter dispatching blocks Time-frequency analysis off-nominal system frequency value protocol ROCOF values change of frequency rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) frequency setpoint values power frequency communication distributed power generation frequency control design considerations signaling discrete system ultra narrowband FS-DER Heussen, Kai oth Shi You oth Gehrke, Oliver oth Ostergaard, Jacob oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on power delivery New York, NY : IEEE, 1986 30(2015), 2, Seite 773-782 (DE-627)129382914 (DE-600)165807-4 (DE-576)014769328 0885-8977 nnns volume:30 year:2015 number:2 pages:773-782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7042356 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2061 AR 30 2015 2 773-782
language	English
source	Enthalten in IEEE transactions on power delivery 30(2015), 2, Seite 773-782 volume:30 year:2015 number:2 pages:773-782
sourceStr	Enthalten in IEEE transactions on power delivery 30(2015), 2, Seite 773-782 volume:30 year:2015 number:2 pages:773-782
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system AC power system islanding information carrier AC generators diesel-electric generators load management power generation dispatch Power system stability rotating machines Generators control systems laboratory tests system frequency regulation power generation control energy management diesel generators invertors discrete systems frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources voltage-source inverters power generators power generation resources Distributed energy resources Frequency modulation power-line communication transmitter dispatching blocks Time-frequency analysis off-nominal system frequency value protocol ROCOF values change of frequency rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) frequency setpoint values power frequency communication distributed power generation frequency control design considerations signaling discrete system ultra narrowband FS-DER
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container_title	IEEE transactions on power delivery
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Douglass, Philip J @@aut@@ Heussen, Kai @@oth@@ Shi You @@oth@@ Gehrke, Oliver @@oth@@ Ostergaard, Jacob @@oth@@
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author	Douglass, Philip J
spellingShingle	Douglass, Philip J ddc 620 misc narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system misc AC power system islanding misc information carrier misc AC generators misc diesel-electric generators misc load management misc power generation dispatch misc Power system stability misc rotating machines misc Generators misc control systems misc laboratory tests misc system frequency regulation misc power generation control misc energy management misc diesel generators misc invertors misc discrete systems misc frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources misc voltage-source inverters misc power generators misc power generation resources misc Distributed energy resources misc Frequency modulation misc power-line communication transmitter misc dispatching blocks misc Time-frequency analysis misc off-nominal system frequency value protocol misc ROCOF values misc change of frequency misc rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) misc frequency setpoint values misc power frequency communication misc distributed power generation misc frequency control misc design considerations misc signaling discrete system misc ultra narrowband misc FS-DER System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems
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topic_title	620 DNB System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system AC power system islanding information carrier AC generators diesel-electric generators load management power generation dispatch Power system stability rotating machines Generators control systems laboratory tests system frequency regulation power generation control energy management diesel generators invertors discrete systems frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources voltage-source inverters power generators power generation resources Distributed energy resources Frequency modulation power-line communication transmitter dispatching blocks Time-frequency analysis off-nominal system frequency value protocol ROCOF values change of frequency rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) frequency setpoint values power frequency communication distributed power generation frequency control design considerations signaling discrete system ultra narrowband FS-DER
topic	ddc 620 misc narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system misc AC power system islanding misc information carrier misc AC generators misc diesel-electric generators misc load management misc power generation dispatch misc Power system stability misc rotating machines misc Generators misc control systems misc laboratory tests misc system frequency regulation misc power generation control misc energy management misc diesel generators misc invertors misc discrete systems misc frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources misc voltage-source inverters misc power generators misc power generation resources misc Distributed energy resources misc Frequency modulation misc power-line communication transmitter misc dispatching blocks misc Time-frequency analysis misc off-nominal system frequency value protocol misc ROCOF values misc change of frequency misc rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) misc frequency setpoint values misc power frequency communication misc distributed power generation misc frequency control misc design considerations misc signaling discrete system misc ultra narrowband misc FS-DER
topic_unstemmed	ddc 620 misc narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system misc AC power system islanding misc information carrier misc AC generators misc diesel-electric generators misc load management misc power generation dispatch misc Power system stability misc rotating machines misc Generators misc control systems misc laboratory tests misc system frequency regulation misc power generation control misc energy management misc diesel generators misc invertors misc discrete systems misc frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources misc voltage-source inverters misc power generators misc power generation resources misc Distributed energy resources misc Frequency modulation misc power-line communication transmitter misc dispatching blocks misc Time-frequency analysis misc off-nominal system frequency value protocol misc ROCOF values misc change of frequency misc rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) misc frequency setpoint values misc power frequency communication misc distributed power generation misc frequency control misc design considerations misc signaling discrete system misc ultra narrowband misc FS-DER
topic_browse	ddc 620 misc narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel system misc AC power system islanding misc information carrier misc AC generators misc diesel-electric generators misc load management misc power generation dispatch misc Power system stability misc rotating machines misc Generators misc control systems misc laboratory tests misc system frequency regulation misc power generation control misc energy management misc diesel generators misc invertors misc discrete systems misc frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources misc voltage-source inverters misc power generators misc power generation resources misc Distributed energy resources misc Frequency modulation misc power-line communication transmitter misc dispatching blocks misc Time-frequency analysis misc off-nominal system frequency value protocol misc ROCOF values misc change of frequency misc rates of change of frequency (ROCOF) misc frequency setpoint values misc power frequency communication misc distributed power generation misc frequency control misc design considerations misc signaling discrete system misc ultra narrowband misc FS-DER
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title	System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems
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title_full	System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems
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title_sort	system frequency as information carrier in ac power systems
title_auth	System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems
abstract	Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (FS-DER) using changes to frequency setpoint values of generators. Signaling discrete system states by generating off-nominal system frequency values can be used as a novel narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel. This paper describes two protocols for utilizing off-nominal frequencies to carry information: First, a protocol for dispatching blocks of FS-DER that is suitable for systems restricted to relatively slow rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). Second, for systems that allow higher ROCOF values, the feasibility of using power generation resources as a power-line communication transmitter is shown. Data from an operating islanded power system with diesel generators are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by rotating machines. The feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by voltage-source inverters is shown with laboratory tests of a 20-kVA inverter. The inverter was found to have a maximum ROCOF of 2.2 Hz/s, sufficient to enable its use as a power-line communication transmitter.
abstractGer	Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (FS-DER) using changes to frequency setpoint values of generators. Signaling discrete system states by generating off-nominal system frequency values can be used as a novel narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel. This paper describes two protocols for utilizing off-nominal frequencies to carry information: First, a protocol for dispatching blocks of FS-DER that is suitable for systems restricted to relatively slow rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). Second, for systems that allow higher ROCOF values, the feasibility of using power generation resources as a power-line communication transmitter is shown. Data from an operating islanded power system with diesel generators are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by rotating machines. The feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by voltage-source inverters is shown with laboratory tests of a 20-kVA inverter. The inverter was found to have a maximum ROCOF of 2.2 Hz/s, sufficient to enable its use as a power-line communication transmitter.
abstract_unstemmed	Power generators contain control systems that are able to regulate system frequency, but the frequency setpoint values are rarely modified from nominal values. This paper describes design considerations for a communication system from generators to frequency-sensitive distributed energy resources (FS-DER) using changes to frequency setpoint values of generators. Signaling discrete system states by generating off-nominal system frequency values can be used as a novel narrowband unidirectional broadcast communications channel. This paper describes two protocols for utilizing off-nominal frequencies to carry information: First, a protocol for dispatching blocks of FS-DER that is suitable for systems restricted to relatively slow rates of change of frequency (ROCOF). Second, for systems that allow higher ROCOF values, the feasibility of using power generation resources as a power-line communication transmitter is shown. Data from an operating islanded power system with diesel generators are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by rotating machines. The feasibility of the proposed communication system in systems fed by voltage-source inverters is shown with laboratory tests of a 20-kVA inverter. The inverter was found to have a maximum ROCOF of 2.2 Hz/s, sufficient to enable its use as a power-line communication transmitter.
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title_short	System Frequency as Information Carrier in AC Power Systems
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2335694 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7042356
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author2	Heussen, Kai Shi You Gehrke, Oliver Ostergaard, Jacob
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up_date	2024-07-04T01:33:02.303Z
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score	7.399684

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