A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System
A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both rea...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Elhadidy, Osama [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: IEEE transactions on circuits and systems / 1 - New York, NY : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992, 62(2015), 8, Seite 1940-1949 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:62 ; year:2015 ; number:8 ; pages:1940-1949 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
OLC1959252380 |
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| 520 | |a A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both real and imaginary MUT permittivity is achieved by measuring the frequency difference between two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs): a sensing oscillator, with a frequency that varies with MUT-induced changes in capacitance and conductance of a delay-cells' sensing capacitor loads, and a MUT-insensitive reference oscillator that is controlled by an amplitude-locked loop (ALL). The fully integrated system is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS, and occupies 6.25 mm<;sup>2<;/sup> area. When tested with common organic chemicals (ϵ'<;30), the system operates between 0.7-6 GHz and achieves 3.7% maximum permittivity error. Characterization is also performed with higher ε<;sub>r<;/sub>' water-methanol mixtures and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, with 5.4% maximum permittivity error achieved over a 0.7-4.77 GHz range. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a frequency 0.7 GHz to 6 GHz | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CMOS ring-oscillator PLL-based complex dielectric spectroscopy system | |
| 650 | 4 | |a water-methanol mixtures | |
| 650 | 4 | |a CMOS integrated circuits | |
| 650 | 4 | |a sensing oscillator | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Capacitance | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Broadband dielectric spectroscopy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a oscillator | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Delays | |
| 650 | 4 | |a capacitive sensor | |
| 650 | 4 | |a wideband complex dielectric detection | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Frequency measurement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a phase-locked loop | |
| 650 | 4 | |a phosphate buffered saline solutions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a fully-integrated sensing system | |
| 650 | 4 | |a VCO | |
| 650 | 4 | |a materials under test | |
| 650 | 4 | |a amplitude-locked loop | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Capacitive sensors | |
| 650 | 4 | |a phase locked loops | |
| 650 | 4 | |a size 0.18 mum | |
| 650 | 4 | |a voltage-controlled oscillators | |
| 650 | 4 | |a oscillator-based phase-locked loop | |
| 650 | 4 | |a permittivity detection | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Spectroscope | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Phase-locked loops | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oscillators (Electronics) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Design and construction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Equipment and supplies | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Complementary metal oxide semiconductors | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Usage | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shakib, Sherif |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Krenek, Keith |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Palermo, Samuel |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Entesari, Kamran |4 oth | |
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10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959252380 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959252380 (PRQ)c2141-dad92b966b7bfeeaab340a604485419841232c916d10c46e0392c975cd09b47d0 (KEY)0213966920150000062000801940widebandfullyintegratedcmosringoscillatorpllbasedc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 000 620 DNB Elhadidy, Osama verfasserin aut A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both real and imaginary MUT permittivity is achieved by measuring the frequency difference between two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs): a sensing oscillator, with a frequency that varies with MUT-induced changes in capacitance and conductance of a delay-cells' sensing capacitor loads, and a MUT-insensitive reference oscillator that is controlled by an amplitude-locked loop (ALL). The fully integrated system is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS, and occupies 6.25 mm<;sup>2<;/sup> area. When tested with common organic chemicals (ϵ'<;30), the system operates between 0.7-6 GHz and achieves 3.7% maximum permittivity error. Characterization is also performed with higher ε<;sub>r<;/sub>' water-methanol mixtures and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, with 5.4% maximum permittivity error achieved over a 0.7-4.77 GHz range. frequency 0.7 GHz to 6 GHz CMOS ring-oscillator PLL-based complex dielectric spectroscopy system water-methanol mixtures CMOS integrated circuits sensing oscillator Capacitance Broadband dielectric spectroscopy oscillator Delays capacitive sensor wideband complex dielectric detection Frequency measurement phase-locked loop phosphate buffered saline solutions fully-integrated sensing system VCO materials under test amplitude-locked loop Capacitive sensors phase locked loops size 0.18 mum voltage-controlled oscillators oscillator-based phase-locked loop permittivity detection Spectroscope Phase-locked loops Oscillators (Electronics) Design and construction Equipment and supplies Complementary metal oxide semiconductors Usage Shakib, Sherif oth Krenek, Keith oth Palermo, Samuel oth Entesari, Kamran oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on circuits and systems / 1 New York, NY : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992 62(2015), 8, Seite 1940-1949 (DE-627)131043080 (DE-600)1100194-X (DE-576)02804679X 1549-8328 nnns volume:62 year:2015 number:8 pages:1940-1949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7137683 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-MAT GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2059 AR 62 2015 8 1940-1949 |
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10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959252380 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959252380 (PRQ)c2141-dad92b966b7bfeeaab340a604485419841232c916d10c46e0392c975cd09b47d0 (KEY)0213966920150000062000801940widebandfullyintegratedcmosringoscillatorpllbasedc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 000 620 DNB Elhadidy, Osama verfasserin aut A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both real and imaginary MUT permittivity is achieved by measuring the frequency difference between two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs): a sensing oscillator, with a frequency that varies with MUT-induced changes in capacitance and conductance of a delay-cells' sensing capacitor loads, and a MUT-insensitive reference oscillator that is controlled by an amplitude-locked loop (ALL). The fully integrated system is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS, and occupies 6.25 mm<;sup>2<;/sup> area. When tested with common organic chemicals (ϵ'<;30), the system operates between 0.7-6 GHz and achieves 3.7% maximum permittivity error. Characterization is also performed with higher ε<;sub>r<;/sub>' water-methanol mixtures and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, with 5.4% maximum permittivity error achieved over a 0.7-4.77 GHz range. frequency 0.7 GHz to 6 GHz CMOS ring-oscillator PLL-based complex dielectric spectroscopy system water-methanol mixtures CMOS integrated circuits sensing oscillator Capacitance Broadband dielectric spectroscopy oscillator Delays capacitive sensor wideband complex dielectric detection Frequency measurement phase-locked loop phosphate buffered saline solutions fully-integrated sensing system VCO materials under test amplitude-locked loop Capacitive sensors phase locked loops size 0.18 mum voltage-controlled oscillators oscillator-based phase-locked loop permittivity detection Spectroscope Phase-locked loops Oscillators (Electronics) Design and construction Equipment and supplies Complementary metal oxide semiconductors Usage Shakib, Sherif oth Krenek, Keith oth Palermo, Samuel oth Entesari, Kamran oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on circuits and systems / 1 New York, NY : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992 62(2015), 8, Seite 1940-1949 (DE-627)131043080 (DE-600)1100194-X (DE-576)02804679X 1549-8328 nnns volume:62 year:2015 number:8 pages:1940-1949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7137683 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-MAT GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2059 AR 62 2015 8 1940-1949 |
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10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959252380 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959252380 (PRQ)c2141-dad92b966b7bfeeaab340a604485419841232c916d10c46e0392c975cd09b47d0 (KEY)0213966920150000062000801940widebandfullyintegratedcmosringoscillatorpllbasedc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 000 620 DNB Elhadidy, Osama verfasserin aut A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both real and imaginary MUT permittivity is achieved by measuring the frequency difference between two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs): a sensing oscillator, with a frequency that varies with MUT-induced changes in capacitance and conductance of a delay-cells' sensing capacitor loads, and a MUT-insensitive reference oscillator that is controlled by an amplitude-locked loop (ALL). The fully integrated system is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS, and occupies 6.25 mm<;sup>2<;/sup> area. When tested with common organic chemicals (ϵ'<;30), the system operates between 0.7-6 GHz and achieves 3.7% maximum permittivity error. Characterization is also performed with higher ε<;sub>r<;/sub>' water-methanol mixtures and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, with 5.4% maximum permittivity error achieved over a 0.7-4.77 GHz range. frequency 0.7 GHz to 6 GHz CMOS ring-oscillator PLL-based complex dielectric spectroscopy system water-methanol mixtures CMOS integrated circuits sensing oscillator Capacitance Broadband dielectric spectroscopy oscillator Delays capacitive sensor wideband complex dielectric detection Frequency measurement phase-locked loop phosphate buffered saline solutions fully-integrated sensing system VCO materials under test amplitude-locked loop Capacitive sensors phase locked loops size 0.18 mum voltage-controlled oscillators oscillator-based phase-locked loop permittivity detection Spectroscope Phase-locked loops Oscillators (Electronics) Design and construction Equipment and supplies Complementary metal oxide semiconductors Usage Shakib, Sherif oth Krenek, Keith oth Palermo, Samuel oth Entesari, Kamran oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on circuits and systems / 1 New York, NY : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992 62(2015), 8, Seite 1940-1949 (DE-627)131043080 (DE-600)1100194-X (DE-576)02804679X 1549-8328 nnns volume:62 year:2015 number:8 pages:1940-1949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7137683 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-MAT GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2059 AR 62 2015 8 1940-1949 |
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10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959252380 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959252380 (PRQ)c2141-dad92b966b7bfeeaab340a604485419841232c916d10c46e0392c975cd09b47d0 (KEY)0213966920150000062000801940widebandfullyintegratedcmosringoscillatorpllbasedc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 000 620 DNB Elhadidy, Osama verfasserin aut A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both real and imaginary MUT permittivity is achieved by measuring the frequency difference between two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs): a sensing oscillator, with a frequency that varies with MUT-induced changes in capacitance and conductance of a delay-cells' sensing capacitor loads, and a MUT-insensitive reference oscillator that is controlled by an amplitude-locked loop (ALL). The fully integrated system is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS, and occupies 6.25 mm<;sup>2<;/sup> area. When tested with common organic chemicals (ϵ'<;30), the system operates between 0.7-6 GHz and achieves 3.7% maximum permittivity error. Characterization is also performed with higher ε<;sub>r<;/sub>' water-methanol mixtures and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, with 5.4% maximum permittivity error achieved over a 0.7-4.77 GHz range. frequency 0.7 GHz to 6 GHz CMOS ring-oscillator PLL-based complex dielectric spectroscopy system water-methanol mixtures CMOS integrated circuits sensing oscillator Capacitance Broadband dielectric spectroscopy oscillator Delays capacitive sensor wideband complex dielectric detection Frequency measurement phase-locked loop phosphate buffered saline solutions fully-integrated sensing system VCO materials under test amplitude-locked loop Capacitive sensors phase locked loops size 0.18 mum voltage-controlled oscillators oscillator-based phase-locked loop permittivity detection Spectroscope Phase-locked loops Oscillators (Electronics) Design and construction Equipment and supplies Complementary metal oxide semiconductors Usage Shakib, Sherif oth Krenek, Keith oth Palermo, Samuel oth Entesari, Kamran oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on circuits and systems / 1 New York, NY : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992 62(2015), 8, Seite 1940-1949 (DE-627)131043080 (DE-600)1100194-X (DE-576)02804679X 1549-8328 nnns volume:62 year:2015 number:8 pages:1940-1949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7137683 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-MAT GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2059 AR 62 2015 8 1940-1949 |
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10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959252380 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959252380 (PRQ)c2141-dad92b966b7bfeeaab340a604485419841232c916d10c46e0392c975cd09b47d0 (KEY)0213966920150000062000801940widebandfullyintegratedcmosringoscillatorpllbasedc DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 000 620 DNB Elhadidy, Osama verfasserin aut A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both real and imaginary MUT permittivity is achieved by measuring the frequency difference between two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs): a sensing oscillator, with a frequency that varies with MUT-induced changes in capacitance and conductance of a delay-cells' sensing capacitor loads, and a MUT-insensitive reference oscillator that is controlled by an amplitude-locked loop (ALL). The fully integrated system is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS, and occupies 6.25 mm<;sup>2<;/sup> area. When tested with common organic chemicals (ϵ'<;30), the system operates between 0.7-6 GHz and achieves 3.7% maximum permittivity error. Characterization is also performed with higher ε<;sub>r<;/sub>' water-methanol mixtures and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, with 5.4% maximum permittivity error achieved over a 0.7-4.77 GHz range. frequency 0.7 GHz to 6 GHz CMOS ring-oscillator PLL-based complex dielectric spectroscopy system water-methanol mixtures CMOS integrated circuits sensing oscillator Capacitance Broadband dielectric spectroscopy oscillator Delays capacitive sensor wideband complex dielectric detection Frequency measurement phase-locked loop phosphate buffered saline solutions fully-integrated sensing system VCO materials under test amplitude-locked loop Capacitive sensors phase locked loops size 0.18 mum voltage-controlled oscillators oscillator-based phase-locked loop permittivity detection Spectroscope Phase-locked loops Oscillators (Electronics) Design and construction Equipment and supplies Complementary metal oxide semiconductors Usage Shakib, Sherif oth Krenek, Keith oth Palermo, Samuel oth Entesari, Kamran oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on circuits and systems / 1 New York, NY : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992 62(2015), 8, Seite 1940-1949 (DE-627)131043080 (DE-600)1100194-X (DE-576)02804679X 1549-8328 nnns volume:62 year:2015 number:8 pages:1940-1949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2015.2426960 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7137683 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-MAT GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2059 AR 62 2015 8 1940-1949 |
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frequency 0.7 GHz to 6 GHz CMOS ring-oscillator PLL-based complex dielectric spectroscopy system water-methanol mixtures CMOS integrated circuits sensing oscillator Capacitance Broadband dielectric spectroscopy oscillator Delays capacitive sensor wideband complex dielectric detection Frequency measurement phase-locked loop phosphate buffered saline solutions fully-integrated sensing system VCO materials under test amplitude-locked loop Capacitive sensors phase locked loops size 0.18 mum voltage-controlled oscillators oscillator-based phase-locked loop permittivity detection Spectroscope Phase-locked loops Oscillators (Electronics) Design and construction Equipment and supplies Complementary metal oxide semiconductors Usage |
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000 620 DNB A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System frequency 0.7 GHz to 6 GHz CMOS ring-oscillator PLL-based complex dielectric spectroscopy system water-methanol mixtures CMOS integrated circuits sensing oscillator Capacitance Broadband dielectric spectroscopy oscillator Delays capacitive sensor wideband complex dielectric detection Frequency measurement phase-locked loop phosphate buffered saline solutions fully-integrated sensing system VCO materials under test amplitude-locked loop Capacitive sensors phase locked loops size 0.18 mum voltage-controlled oscillators oscillator-based phase-locked loop permittivity detection Spectroscope Phase-locked loops Oscillators (Electronics) Design and construction Equipment and supplies Complementary metal oxide semiconductors Usage |
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A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System |
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A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both real and imaginary MUT permittivity is achieved by measuring the frequency difference between two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs): a sensing oscillator, with a frequency that varies with MUT-induced changes in capacitance and conductance of a delay-cells' sensing capacitor loads, and a MUT-insensitive reference oscillator that is controlled by an amplitude-locked loop (ALL). The fully integrated system is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS, and occupies 6.25 mm<;sup>2<;/sup> area. When tested with common organic chemicals (ϵ'<;30), the system operates between 0.7-6 GHz and achieves 3.7% maximum permittivity error. Characterization is also performed with higher ε<;sub>r<;/sub>' water-methanol mixtures and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, with 5.4% maximum permittivity error achieved over a 0.7-4.77 GHz range. |
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A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both real and imaginary MUT permittivity is achieved by measuring the frequency difference between two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs): a sensing oscillator, with a frequency that varies with MUT-induced changes in capacitance and conductance of a delay-cells' sensing capacitor loads, and a MUT-insensitive reference oscillator that is controlled by an amplitude-locked loop (ALL). The fully integrated system is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS, and occupies 6.25 mm<;sup>2<;/sup> area. When tested with common organic chemicals (ϵ'<;30), the system operates between 0.7-6 GHz and achieves 3.7% maximum permittivity error. Characterization is also performed with higher ε<;sub>r<;/sub>' water-methanol mixtures and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, with 5.4% maximum permittivity error achieved over a 0.7-4.77 GHz range. |
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A fully-integrated sensing system is proposed for wideband complex dielectric detection of materials under test (MUT). The system utilizes a ring oscillator-based phase-locked loop (PLL) for wide tuning range and precise control of the sensor's excitation frequency. Characterization of both real and imaginary MUT permittivity is achieved by measuring the frequency difference between two voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs): a sensing oscillator, with a frequency that varies with MUT-induced changes in capacitance and conductance of a delay-cells' sensing capacitor loads, and a MUT-insensitive reference oscillator that is controlled by an amplitude-locked loop (ALL). The fully integrated system is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS, and occupies 6.25 mm<;sup>2<;/sup> area. When tested with common organic chemicals (ϵ'<;30), the system operates between 0.7-6 GHz and achieves 3.7% maximum permittivity error. Characterization is also performed with higher ε<;sub>r<;/sub>' water-methanol mixtures and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions, with 5.4% maximum permittivity error achieved over a 0.7-4.77 GHz range. |
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A Wide-Band Fully-Integrated CMOS Ring-Oscillator PLL-Based Complex Dielectric Spectroscopy System |
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