Sono-synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil by KF/γ-Al₂O₃ as a nano-solid-base catalyst
In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized...
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| Autor*in: |
Shahraki, H [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015 |
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Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Enthalten in: Ultrasonics sonochemistry - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1994, 23(2015), Seite 266-274 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:23 ; year:2015 ; pages:266-274 |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 |
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| 520 | |a In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG) and the Hammett indicator methods. The TEM image depicted nanoparticles and uniform dispersion of active phase over alumina. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of potassium aluminum fluoride (K₃AlF₆) and potassium oxide, active catalyst for transesterification. The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was performed by using both low frequency ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz) and mechanical stirring in the presence of KF/γ-Al₂O₃. The influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time, and temperature were studied on the biodiesel formation. The maximum yield (95%) was achieved by applying 45 W acoustic power, molar ratio of alcohol to oil at 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2.0 wt%, 40 min sonication, and temperature of 50 °C. The transesterification was performed in 360 min using mechanical stirring with 76% yield. The results confirm that ultrasound significantly accelerates the transesterification reaction in comparison with the mechanical stirring. | ||
| 540 | |a Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Potassium Compounds - chemistry | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Nanostructures - chemistry | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Goharshadi, E K |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959812556 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959812556 (PRQ)c1545-a23cfe00340f00fc2d8e91d756f39140a780ae2f5096c7ee1cb6a0638c60aa370 (KEY)0238159120150000023000000266sonosynthesisofbiodieselfromsoybeanoilbykfaloasana DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 DE-600 Shahraki, H verfasserin aut Sono-synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil by KF/γ-Al₂O₃ as a nano-solid-base catalyst 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG) and the Hammett indicator methods. The TEM image depicted nanoparticles and uniform dispersion of active phase over alumina. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of potassium aluminum fluoride (K₃AlF₆) and potassium oxide, active catalyst for transesterification. The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was performed by using both low frequency ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz) and mechanical stirring in the presence of KF/γ-Al₂O₃. The influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time, and temperature were studied on the biodiesel formation. The maximum yield (95%) was achieved by applying 45 W acoustic power, molar ratio of alcohol to oil at 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2.0 wt%, 40 min sonication, and temperature of 50 °C. The transesterification was performed in 360 min using mechanical stirring with 76% yield. The results confirm that ultrasound significantly accelerates the transesterification reaction in comparison with the mechanical stirring. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Potassium Compounds - chemistry Fluorides - chemistry Alcohols - chemistry Nanostructures - chemistry Soybean Oil - chemistry Entezari, M H oth Goharshadi, E K oth Enthalten in Ultrasonics sonochemistry Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1994 23(2015), Seite 266-274 (DE-627)182456803 (DE-600)1208333-1 (DE-576)043089054 1350-4177 nnns volume:23 year:2015 pages:266-274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25445716 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 23 2015 266-274 |
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10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959812556 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959812556 (PRQ)c1545-a23cfe00340f00fc2d8e91d756f39140a780ae2f5096c7ee1cb6a0638c60aa370 (KEY)0238159120150000023000000266sonosynthesisofbiodieselfromsoybeanoilbykfaloasana DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 DE-600 Shahraki, H verfasserin aut Sono-synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil by KF/γ-Al₂O₃ as a nano-solid-base catalyst 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG) and the Hammett indicator methods. The TEM image depicted nanoparticles and uniform dispersion of active phase over alumina. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of potassium aluminum fluoride (K₃AlF₆) and potassium oxide, active catalyst for transesterification. The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was performed by using both low frequency ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz) and mechanical stirring in the presence of KF/γ-Al₂O₃. The influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time, and temperature were studied on the biodiesel formation. The maximum yield (95%) was achieved by applying 45 W acoustic power, molar ratio of alcohol to oil at 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2.0 wt%, 40 min sonication, and temperature of 50 °C. The transesterification was performed in 360 min using mechanical stirring with 76% yield. The results confirm that ultrasound significantly accelerates the transesterification reaction in comparison with the mechanical stirring. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Potassium Compounds - chemistry Fluorides - chemistry Alcohols - chemistry Nanostructures - chemistry Soybean Oil - chemistry Entezari, M H oth Goharshadi, E K oth Enthalten in Ultrasonics sonochemistry Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1994 23(2015), Seite 266-274 (DE-627)182456803 (DE-600)1208333-1 (DE-576)043089054 1350-4177 nnns volume:23 year:2015 pages:266-274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25445716 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 23 2015 266-274 |
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10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959812556 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959812556 (PRQ)c1545-a23cfe00340f00fc2d8e91d756f39140a780ae2f5096c7ee1cb6a0638c60aa370 (KEY)0238159120150000023000000266sonosynthesisofbiodieselfromsoybeanoilbykfaloasana DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 DE-600 Shahraki, H verfasserin aut Sono-synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil by KF/γ-Al₂O₃ as a nano-solid-base catalyst 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG) and the Hammett indicator methods. The TEM image depicted nanoparticles and uniform dispersion of active phase over alumina. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of potassium aluminum fluoride (K₃AlF₆) and potassium oxide, active catalyst for transesterification. The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was performed by using both low frequency ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz) and mechanical stirring in the presence of KF/γ-Al₂O₃. The influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time, and temperature were studied on the biodiesel formation. The maximum yield (95%) was achieved by applying 45 W acoustic power, molar ratio of alcohol to oil at 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2.0 wt%, 40 min sonication, and temperature of 50 °C. The transesterification was performed in 360 min using mechanical stirring with 76% yield. The results confirm that ultrasound significantly accelerates the transesterification reaction in comparison with the mechanical stirring. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Potassium Compounds - chemistry Fluorides - chemistry Alcohols - chemistry Nanostructures - chemistry Soybean Oil - chemistry Entezari, M H oth Goharshadi, E K oth Enthalten in Ultrasonics sonochemistry Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1994 23(2015), Seite 266-274 (DE-627)182456803 (DE-600)1208333-1 (DE-576)043089054 1350-4177 nnns volume:23 year:2015 pages:266-274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25445716 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 23 2015 266-274 |
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10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959812556 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959812556 (PRQ)c1545-a23cfe00340f00fc2d8e91d756f39140a780ae2f5096c7ee1cb6a0638c60aa370 (KEY)0238159120150000023000000266sonosynthesisofbiodieselfromsoybeanoilbykfaloasana DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 DE-600 Shahraki, H verfasserin aut Sono-synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil by KF/γ-Al₂O₃ as a nano-solid-base catalyst 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG) and the Hammett indicator methods. The TEM image depicted nanoparticles and uniform dispersion of active phase over alumina. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of potassium aluminum fluoride (K₃AlF₆) and potassium oxide, active catalyst for transesterification. The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was performed by using both low frequency ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz) and mechanical stirring in the presence of KF/γ-Al₂O₃. The influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time, and temperature were studied on the biodiesel formation. The maximum yield (95%) was achieved by applying 45 W acoustic power, molar ratio of alcohol to oil at 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2.0 wt%, 40 min sonication, and temperature of 50 °C. The transesterification was performed in 360 min using mechanical stirring with 76% yield. The results confirm that ultrasound significantly accelerates the transesterification reaction in comparison with the mechanical stirring. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Potassium Compounds - chemistry Fluorides - chemistry Alcohols - chemistry Nanostructures - chemistry Soybean Oil - chemistry Entezari, M H oth Goharshadi, E K oth Enthalten in Ultrasonics sonochemistry Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1994 23(2015), Seite 266-274 (DE-627)182456803 (DE-600)1208333-1 (DE-576)043089054 1350-4177 nnns volume:23 year:2015 pages:266-274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25445716 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 23 2015 266-274 |
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10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1959812556 (DE-599)GBVOLC1959812556 (PRQ)c1545-a23cfe00340f00fc2d8e91d756f39140a780ae2f5096c7ee1cb6a0638c60aa370 (KEY)0238159120150000023000000266sonosynthesisofbiodieselfromsoybeanoilbykfaloasana DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 540 DE-600 Shahraki, H verfasserin aut Sono-synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil by KF/γ-Al₂O₃ as a nano-solid-base catalyst 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG) and the Hammett indicator methods. The TEM image depicted nanoparticles and uniform dispersion of active phase over alumina. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of potassium aluminum fluoride (K₃AlF₆) and potassium oxide, active catalyst for transesterification. The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was performed by using both low frequency ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz) and mechanical stirring in the presence of KF/γ-Al₂O₃. The influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time, and temperature were studied on the biodiesel formation. The maximum yield (95%) was achieved by applying 45 W acoustic power, molar ratio of alcohol to oil at 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2.0 wt%, 40 min sonication, and temperature of 50 °C. The transesterification was performed in 360 min using mechanical stirring with 76% yield. The results confirm that ultrasound significantly accelerates the transesterification reaction in comparison with the mechanical stirring. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Potassium Compounds - chemistry Fluorides - chemistry Alcohols - chemistry Nanostructures - chemistry Soybean Oil - chemistry Entezari, M H oth Goharshadi, E K oth Enthalten in Ultrasonics sonochemistry Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 1994 23(2015), Seite 266-274 (DE-627)182456803 (DE-600)1208333-1 (DE-576)043089054 1350-4177 nnns volume:23 year:2015 pages:266-274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.010 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25445716 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 23 2015 266-274 |
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sono-synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil by kf/γ-al₂o₃ as a nano-solid-base catalyst |
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Sono-synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil by KF/γ-Al₂O₃ as a nano-solid-base catalyst |
| abstract |
In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG) and the Hammett indicator methods. The TEM image depicted nanoparticles and uniform dispersion of active phase over alumina. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of potassium aluminum fluoride (K₃AlF₆) and potassium oxide, active catalyst for transesterification. The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was performed by using both low frequency ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz) and mechanical stirring in the presence of KF/γ-Al₂O₃. The influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time, and temperature were studied on the biodiesel formation. The maximum yield (95%) was achieved by applying 45 W acoustic power, molar ratio of alcohol to oil at 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2.0 wt%, 40 min sonication, and temperature of 50 °C. The transesterification was performed in 360 min using mechanical stirring with 76% yield. The results confirm that ultrasound significantly accelerates the transesterification reaction in comparison with the mechanical stirring. |
| abstractGer |
In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG) and the Hammett indicator methods. The TEM image depicted nanoparticles and uniform dispersion of active phase over alumina. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of potassium aluminum fluoride (K₃AlF₆) and potassium oxide, active catalyst for transesterification. The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was performed by using both low frequency ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz) and mechanical stirring in the presence of KF/γ-Al₂O₃. The influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time, and temperature were studied on the biodiesel formation. The maximum yield (95%) was achieved by applying 45 W acoustic power, molar ratio of alcohol to oil at 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2.0 wt%, 40 min sonication, and temperature of 50 °C. The transesterification was performed in 360 min using mechanical stirring with 76% yield. The results confirm that ultrasound significantly accelerates the transesterification reaction in comparison with the mechanical stirring. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
In this work, biodiesel has successfully prepared via ultrasonic method in a short time and low temperature by nano-solid-base catalyst (KF/γ-Al₂O₃). The catalyst was obtained by calcination of a mixture of KF and γ-Al₂O₃ m(KF)/m(γ-Al₂O₃) at 500 °C for 3 h. Nano-solid-base catalyst was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetry (TG) and the Hammett indicator methods. The TEM image depicted nanoparticles and uniform dispersion of active phase over alumina. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of potassium aluminum fluoride (K₃AlF₆) and potassium oxide, active catalyst for transesterification. The transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was performed by using both low frequency ultrasonic reactor (20 kHz) and mechanical stirring in the presence of KF/γ-Al₂O₃. The influence of various parameters such as ultrasonic power, oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst concentration, time, and temperature were studied on the biodiesel formation. The maximum yield (95%) was achieved by applying 45 W acoustic power, molar ratio of alcohol to oil at 12:1, catalyst concentration of 2.0 wt%, 40 min sonication, and temperature of 50 °C. The transesterification was performed in 360 min using mechanical stirring with 76% yield. The results confirm that ultrasound significantly accelerates the transesterification reaction in comparison with the mechanical stirring. |
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Sono-synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil by KF/γ-Al₂O₃ as a nano-solid-base catalyst |
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