Environmental occurrence and risk of organic UV filters and stabilizers in multiple matrices in Norway
Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potenti...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Langford, Katherine H [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015 |
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| Rechteinformationen: |
Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. |
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| Schlagwörter: |
Geologic Sediments - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Sunscreening Agents - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry |
|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Environment international - New York, NY [u.a.] : Pergamon Press, 1978, 80(2015), Seite 1-7 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:80 ; year:2015 ; pages:1-7 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 |
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| 520 | |a Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potential for trophic accumulation. All of the cod livers analysed were contaminated with at least 1 UV filter, and a maximum concentration of almost 12 μg/g wet weight for octocrylene (OC) was measured in one individual. 80% of the cod livers contained OC, and approximately 50% of cod liver and prawn samples contained benzophenone (BP3). Lower concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in freshwater species and the data of most interest is the 4 individual whitefish that contained both BP3 and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate (EHMC) with maximum concentrations of almost 200 ng/g wet weight. The data shows a difference in the loads of UV filters entering receiving water dependent on the extent of wastewater treatment. Primary screening alone is insufficient for the removal of selected UV filters (BP3, Padimate, EHMC, OC, UV-234, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329). Likely due in part to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the UV filters studied, particulate loading and organic carbon content appear to be related to concentrations of UV filters in landfill leachate and an order of magnitude difference in these parameters correlates with an order of magnitude difference in the effluent concentrations of selected UV filters (Fig. 2). From the data, it is possible that under certain low flow conditions selected organic UV filters may pose a risk to surface waters but under the present conditions the risk is low, but some UV filters will potentially accumulate through the trophic food chain. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Aquatic Organisms - chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geologic Sediments - chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sunscreening Agents - analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sewage - chemistry | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Fresh Water - chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Waste Water - chemistry | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Reid, Malcolm J |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fjeld, Eirik |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Øxnevad, Sigurd |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Thomas, Kevin V |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1962416968 (DE-599)GBVOLC1962416968 (PRQ)c1571-75484cfc264e5df81acae879bd4cdab1cdbcb894ddd4844b19c4e8ad9c6f66e70 (KEY)0003785020150000080000000001environmentaloccurrenceandriskoforganicuvfiltersan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 600 690 DNB Langford, Katherine H verfasserin aut Environmental occurrence and risk of organic UV filters and stabilizers in multiple matrices in Norway 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potential for trophic accumulation. All of the cod livers analysed were contaminated with at least 1 UV filter, and a maximum concentration of almost 12 μg/g wet weight for octocrylene (OC) was measured in one individual. 80% of the cod livers contained OC, and approximately 50% of cod liver and prawn samples contained benzophenone (BP3). Lower concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in freshwater species and the data of most interest is the 4 individual whitefish that contained both BP3 and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate (EHMC) with maximum concentrations of almost 200 ng/g wet weight. The data shows a difference in the loads of UV filters entering receiving water dependent on the extent of wastewater treatment. Primary screening alone is insufficient for the removal of selected UV filters (BP3, Padimate, EHMC, OC, UV-234, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329). Likely due in part to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the UV filters studied, particulate loading and organic carbon content appear to be related to concentrations of UV filters in landfill leachate and an order of magnitude difference in these parameters correlates with an order of magnitude difference in the effluent concentrations of selected UV filters (Fig. 2). From the data, it is possible that under certain low flow conditions selected organic UV filters may pose a risk to surface waters but under the present conditions the risk is low, but some UV filters will potentially accumulate through the trophic food chain. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Aquatic Organisms - chemistry Geologic Sediments - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Sunscreening Agents - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Sewage - chemistry Sunscreening Agents - chemistry Fresh Water - chemistry Waste Water - chemistry Reid, Malcolm J oth Fjeld, Eirik oth Øxnevad, Sigurd oth Thomas, Kevin V oth Enthalten in Environment international New York, NY [u.a.] : Pergamon Press, 1978 80(2015), Seite 1-7 (DE-627)130256250 (DE-600)554791-X (DE-576)019338546 0160-4120 nnns volume:80 year:2015 pages:1-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827264 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 80 2015 1-7 |
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10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1962416968 (DE-599)GBVOLC1962416968 (PRQ)c1571-75484cfc264e5df81acae879bd4cdab1cdbcb894ddd4844b19c4e8ad9c6f66e70 (KEY)0003785020150000080000000001environmentaloccurrenceandriskoforganicuvfiltersan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 600 690 DNB Langford, Katherine H verfasserin aut Environmental occurrence and risk of organic UV filters and stabilizers in multiple matrices in Norway 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potential for trophic accumulation. All of the cod livers analysed were contaminated with at least 1 UV filter, and a maximum concentration of almost 12 μg/g wet weight for octocrylene (OC) was measured in one individual. 80% of the cod livers contained OC, and approximately 50% of cod liver and prawn samples contained benzophenone (BP3). Lower concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in freshwater species and the data of most interest is the 4 individual whitefish that contained both BP3 and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate (EHMC) with maximum concentrations of almost 200 ng/g wet weight. The data shows a difference in the loads of UV filters entering receiving water dependent on the extent of wastewater treatment. Primary screening alone is insufficient for the removal of selected UV filters (BP3, Padimate, EHMC, OC, UV-234, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329). Likely due in part to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the UV filters studied, particulate loading and organic carbon content appear to be related to concentrations of UV filters in landfill leachate and an order of magnitude difference in these parameters correlates with an order of magnitude difference in the effluent concentrations of selected UV filters (Fig. 2). From the data, it is possible that under certain low flow conditions selected organic UV filters may pose a risk to surface waters but under the present conditions the risk is low, but some UV filters will potentially accumulate through the trophic food chain. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Aquatic Organisms - chemistry Geologic Sediments - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Sunscreening Agents - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Sewage - chemistry Sunscreening Agents - chemistry Fresh Water - chemistry Waste Water - chemistry Reid, Malcolm J oth Fjeld, Eirik oth Øxnevad, Sigurd oth Thomas, Kevin V oth Enthalten in Environment international New York, NY [u.a.] : Pergamon Press, 1978 80(2015), Seite 1-7 (DE-627)130256250 (DE-600)554791-X (DE-576)019338546 0160-4120 nnns volume:80 year:2015 pages:1-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827264 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 80 2015 1-7 |
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10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1962416968 (DE-599)GBVOLC1962416968 (PRQ)c1571-75484cfc264e5df81acae879bd4cdab1cdbcb894ddd4844b19c4e8ad9c6f66e70 (KEY)0003785020150000080000000001environmentaloccurrenceandriskoforganicuvfiltersan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 600 690 DNB Langford, Katherine H verfasserin aut Environmental occurrence and risk of organic UV filters and stabilizers in multiple matrices in Norway 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potential for trophic accumulation. All of the cod livers analysed were contaminated with at least 1 UV filter, and a maximum concentration of almost 12 μg/g wet weight for octocrylene (OC) was measured in one individual. 80% of the cod livers contained OC, and approximately 50% of cod liver and prawn samples contained benzophenone (BP3). Lower concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in freshwater species and the data of most interest is the 4 individual whitefish that contained both BP3 and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate (EHMC) with maximum concentrations of almost 200 ng/g wet weight. The data shows a difference in the loads of UV filters entering receiving water dependent on the extent of wastewater treatment. Primary screening alone is insufficient for the removal of selected UV filters (BP3, Padimate, EHMC, OC, UV-234, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329). Likely due in part to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the UV filters studied, particulate loading and organic carbon content appear to be related to concentrations of UV filters in landfill leachate and an order of magnitude difference in these parameters correlates with an order of magnitude difference in the effluent concentrations of selected UV filters (Fig. 2). From the data, it is possible that under certain low flow conditions selected organic UV filters may pose a risk to surface waters but under the present conditions the risk is low, but some UV filters will potentially accumulate through the trophic food chain. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Aquatic Organisms - chemistry Geologic Sediments - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Sunscreening Agents - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Sewage - chemistry Sunscreening Agents - chemistry Fresh Water - chemistry Waste Water - chemistry Reid, Malcolm J oth Fjeld, Eirik oth Øxnevad, Sigurd oth Thomas, Kevin V oth Enthalten in Environment international New York, NY [u.a.] : Pergamon Press, 1978 80(2015), Seite 1-7 (DE-627)130256250 (DE-600)554791-X (DE-576)019338546 0160-4120 nnns volume:80 year:2015 pages:1-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827264 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 80 2015 1-7 |
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10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1962416968 (DE-599)GBVOLC1962416968 (PRQ)c1571-75484cfc264e5df81acae879bd4cdab1cdbcb894ddd4844b19c4e8ad9c6f66e70 (KEY)0003785020150000080000000001environmentaloccurrenceandriskoforganicuvfiltersan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 600 690 DNB Langford, Katherine H verfasserin aut Environmental occurrence and risk of organic UV filters and stabilizers in multiple matrices in Norway 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potential for trophic accumulation. All of the cod livers analysed were contaminated with at least 1 UV filter, and a maximum concentration of almost 12 μg/g wet weight for octocrylene (OC) was measured in one individual. 80% of the cod livers contained OC, and approximately 50% of cod liver and prawn samples contained benzophenone (BP3). Lower concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in freshwater species and the data of most interest is the 4 individual whitefish that contained both BP3 and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate (EHMC) with maximum concentrations of almost 200 ng/g wet weight. The data shows a difference in the loads of UV filters entering receiving water dependent on the extent of wastewater treatment. Primary screening alone is insufficient for the removal of selected UV filters (BP3, Padimate, EHMC, OC, UV-234, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329). Likely due in part to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the UV filters studied, particulate loading and organic carbon content appear to be related to concentrations of UV filters in landfill leachate and an order of magnitude difference in these parameters correlates with an order of magnitude difference in the effluent concentrations of selected UV filters (Fig. 2). From the data, it is possible that under certain low flow conditions selected organic UV filters may pose a risk to surface waters but under the present conditions the risk is low, but some UV filters will potentially accumulate through the trophic food chain. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Aquatic Organisms - chemistry Geologic Sediments - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Sunscreening Agents - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Sewage - chemistry Sunscreening Agents - chemistry Fresh Water - chemistry Waste Water - chemistry Reid, Malcolm J oth Fjeld, Eirik oth Øxnevad, Sigurd oth Thomas, Kevin V oth Enthalten in Environment international New York, NY [u.a.] : Pergamon Press, 1978 80(2015), Seite 1-7 (DE-627)130256250 (DE-600)554791-X (DE-576)019338546 0160-4120 nnns volume:80 year:2015 pages:1-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827264 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 80 2015 1-7 |
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10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1962416968 (DE-599)GBVOLC1962416968 (PRQ)c1571-75484cfc264e5df81acae879bd4cdab1cdbcb894ddd4844b19c4e8ad9c6f66e70 (KEY)0003785020150000080000000001environmentaloccurrenceandriskoforganicuvfiltersan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 610 600 690 DNB Langford, Katherine H verfasserin aut Environmental occurrence and risk of organic UV filters and stabilizers in multiple matrices in Norway 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potential for trophic accumulation. All of the cod livers analysed were contaminated with at least 1 UV filter, and a maximum concentration of almost 12 μg/g wet weight for octocrylene (OC) was measured in one individual. 80% of the cod livers contained OC, and approximately 50% of cod liver and prawn samples contained benzophenone (BP3). Lower concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in freshwater species and the data of most interest is the 4 individual whitefish that contained both BP3 and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate (EHMC) with maximum concentrations of almost 200 ng/g wet weight. The data shows a difference in the loads of UV filters entering receiving water dependent on the extent of wastewater treatment. Primary screening alone is insufficient for the removal of selected UV filters (BP3, Padimate, EHMC, OC, UV-234, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329). Likely due in part to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the UV filters studied, particulate loading and organic carbon content appear to be related to concentrations of UV filters in landfill leachate and an order of magnitude difference in these parameters correlates with an order of magnitude difference in the effluent concentrations of selected UV filters (Fig. 2). From the data, it is possible that under certain low flow conditions selected organic UV filters may pose a risk to surface waters but under the present conditions the risk is low, but some UV filters will potentially accumulate through the trophic food chain. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Aquatic Organisms - chemistry Geologic Sediments - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Sunscreening Agents - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Sewage - chemistry Sunscreening Agents - chemistry Fresh Water - chemistry Waste Water - chemistry Reid, Malcolm J oth Fjeld, Eirik oth Øxnevad, Sigurd oth Thomas, Kevin V oth Enthalten in Environment international New York, NY [u.a.] : Pergamon Press, 1978 80(2015), Seite 1-7 (DE-627)130256250 (DE-600)554791-X (DE-576)019338546 0160-4120 nnns volume:80 year:2015 pages:1-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.012 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827264 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-IBL SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 80 2015 1-7 |
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environmental occurrence and risk of organic uv filters and stabilizers in multiple matrices in norway |
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Environmental occurrence and risk of organic UV filters and stabilizers in multiple matrices in Norway |
| abstract |
Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potential for trophic accumulation. All of the cod livers analysed were contaminated with at least 1 UV filter, and a maximum concentration of almost 12 μg/g wet weight for octocrylene (OC) was measured in one individual. 80% of the cod livers contained OC, and approximately 50% of cod liver and prawn samples contained benzophenone (BP3). Lower concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in freshwater species and the data of most interest is the 4 individual whitefish that contained both BP3 and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate (EHMC) with maximum concentrations of almost 200 ng/g wet weight. The data shows a difference in the loads of UV filters entering receiving water dependent on the extent of wastewater treatment. Primary screening alone is insufficient for the removal of selected UV filters (BP3, Padimate, EHMC, OC, UV-234, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329). Likely due in part to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the UV filters studied, particulate loading and organic carbon content appear to be related to concentrations of UV filters in landfill leachate and an order of magnitude difference in these parameters correlates with an order of magnitude difference in the effluent concentrations of selected UV filters (Fig. 2). From the data, it is possible that under certain low flow conditions selected organic UV filters may pose a risk to surface waters but under the present conditions the risk is low, but some UV filters will potentially accumulate through the trophic food chain. |
| abstractGer |
Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potential for trophic accumulation. All of the cod livers analysed were contaminated with at least 1 UV filter, and a maximum concentration of almost 12 μg/g wet weight for octocrylene (OC) was measured in one individual. 80% of the cod livers contained OC, and approximately 50% of cod liver and prawn samples contained benzophenone (BP3). Lower concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in freshwater species and the data of most interest is the 4 individual whitefish that contained both BP3 and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate (EHMC) with maximum concentrations of almost 200 ng/g wet weight. The data shows a difference in the loads of UV filters entering receiving water dependent on the extent of wastewater treatment. Primary screening alone is insufficient for the removal of selected UV filters (BP3, Padimate, EHMC, OC, UV-234, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329). Likely due in part to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the UV filters studied, particulate loading and organic carbon content appear to be related to concentrations of UV filters in landfill leachate and an order of magnitude difference in these parameters correlates with an order of magnitude difference in the effluent concentrations of selected UV filters (Fig. 2). From the data, it is possible that under certain low flow conditions selected organic UV filters may pose a risk to surface waters but under the present conditions the risk is low, but some UV filters will potentially accumulate through the trophic food chain. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Eight organic UV filters and stabilizers were quantitatively determined in wastewater sludge and effluent, landfill leachate, sediments, and marine and freshwater biota. Crab, prawn and cod from Oslofjord, and perch, whitefish and burbot from Lake Mjøsa were selected in order to evaluate the potential for trophic accumulation. All of the cod livers analysed were contaminated with at least 1 UV filter, and a maximum concentration of almost 12 μg/g wet weight for octocrylene (OC) was measured in one individual. 80% of the cod livers contained OC, and approximately 50% of cod liver and prawn samples contained benzophenone (BP3). Lower concentrations and detection frequencies were observed in freshwater species and the data of most interest is the 4 individual whitefish that contained both BP3 and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate (EHMC) with maximum concentrations of almost 200 ng/g wet weight. The data shows a difference in the loads of UV filters entering receiving water dependent on the extent of wastewater treatment. Primary screening alone is insufficient for the removal of selected UV filters (BP3, Padimate, EHMC, OC, UV-234, UV-327, UV-328, UV-329). Likely due in part to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the UV filters studied, particulate loading and organic carbon content appear to be related to concentrations of UV filters in landfill leachate and an order of magnitude difference in these parameters correlates with an order of magnitude difference in the effluent concentrations of selected UV filters (Fig. 2). From the data, it is possible that under certain low flow conditions selected organic UV filters may pose a risk to surface waters but under the present conditions the risk is low, but some UV filters will potentially accumulate through the trophic food chain. |
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