Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water

The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water...
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Autor*in:	Liu, Airong [verfasserIn] Liu, Jing Zhang, Wei-Xian

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2015

Rechteinformationen:	Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Schlagwörter:	Water - chemistry Iron Compounds - chemistry Iron - chemistry Borohydrides - chemistry

Systematik:	AR 10100

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Chemosphere - Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier Science, 1972, 119(2015), Seite 1068-1074
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:119 ; year:2015 ; pages:1068-1074

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026

Katalog-ID:	OLC1963053362

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520			\|a The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions.
540			\|a Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
650		4	\|a Water - chemistry
650		4	\|a Iron Compounds - chemistry
650		4	\|a Iron - chemistry
650		4	\|a Borohydrides - chemistry
700	1		\|a Liu, Jing \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Zhang, Wei-Xian \|4 oth
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Chemosphere \|d Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier Science, 1972 \|g 119(2015), Seite 1068-1074 \|w (DE-627)129288586 \|w (DE-600)120089-6 \|w (DE-576)014470187 \|x 0045-6535 \|7 nnns
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856	4	1	\|u http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 \|3 Volltext
856	4	2	\|u http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317915
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matchkey_str	article:00456535:2015----::rnfrainncmoiinvltoonnsaeeoaetrnziyteiebbrh
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allfields	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963053362 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963053362 (PRQ)c1625-4cb11405348d748f76a8ada59d6ed6578103edea2cf41cf46a1cd0c1b4d8095e0 (KEY)0012464820150000119000001068transformationandcompositionevolutionofnanoscaleze DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 DNB AR 10100 AVZ rvk 38.32 bkl 35.00 bkl Liu, Airong verfasserin aut Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Water - chemistry Iron Compounds - chemistry Iron - chemistry Borohydrides - chemistry Liu, Jing oth Zhang, Wei-Xian oth Enthalten in Chemosphere Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier Science, 1972 119(2015), Seite 1068-1074 (DE-627)129288586 (DE-600)120089-6 (DE-576)014470187 0045-6535 nnns volume:119 year:2015 pages:1068-1074 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317915 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 10100 38.32 AVZ 35.00 AVZ AR 119 2015 1068-1074
spelling	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963053362 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963053362 (PRQ)c1625-4cb11405348d748f76a8ada59d6ed6578103edea2cf41cf46a1cd0c1b4d8095e0 (KEY)0012464820150000119000001068transformationandcompositionevolutionofnanoscaleze DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 DNB AR 10100 AVZ rvk 38.32 bkl 35.00 bkl Liu, Airong verfasserin aut Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Water - chemistry Iron Compounds - chemistry Iron - chemistry Borohydrides - chemistry Liu, Jing oth Zhang, Wei-Xian oth Enthalten in Chemosphere Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier Science, 1972 119(2015), Seite 1068-1074 (DE-627)129288586 (DE-600)120089-6 (DE-576)014470187 0045-6535 nnns volume:119 year:2015 pages:1068-1074 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317915 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 10100 38.32 AVZ 35.00 AVZ AR 119 2015 1068-1074
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963053362 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963053362 (PRQ)c1625-4cb11405348d748f76a8ada59d6ed6578103edea2cf41cf46a1cd0c1b4d8095e0 (KEY)0012464820150000119000001068transformationandcompositionevolutionofnanoscaleze DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 DNB AR 10100 AVZ rvk 38.32 bkl 35.00 bkl Liu, Airong verfasserin aut Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Water - chemistry Iron Compounds - chemistry Iron - chemistry Borohydrides - chemistry Liu, Jing oth Zhang, Wei-Xian oth Enthalten in Chemosphere Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier Science, 1972 119(2015), Seite 1068-1074 (DE-627)129288586 (DE-600)120089-6 (DE-576)014470187 0045-6535 nnns volume:119 year:2015 pages:1068-1074 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317915 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 10100 38.32 AVZ 35.00 AVZ AR 119 2015 1068-1074
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963053362 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963053362 (PRQ)c1625-4cb11405348d748f76a8ada59d6ed6578103edea2cf41cf46a1cd0c1b4d8095e0 (KEY)0012464820150000119000001068transformationandcompositionevolutionofnanoscaleze DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 DNB AR 10100 AVZ rvk 38.32 bkl 35.00 bkl Liu, Airong verfasserin aut Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Water - chemistry Iron Compounds - chemistry Iron - chemistry Borohydrides - chemistry Liu, Jing oth Zhang, Wei-Xian oth Enthalten in Chemosphere Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier Science, 1972 119(2015), Seite 1068-1074 (DE-627)129288586 (DE-600)120089-6 (DE-576)014470187 0045-6535 nnns volume:119 year:2015 pages:1068-1074 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317915 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 10100 38.32 AVZ 35.00 AVZ AR 119 2015 1068-1074
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963053362 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963053362 (PRQ)c1625-4cb11405348d748f76a8ada59d6ed6578103edea2cf41cf46a1cd0c1b4d8095e0 (KEY)0012464820150000119000001068transformationandcompositionevolutionofnanoscaleze DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 333.7 DNB AR 10100 AVZ rvk 38.32 bkl 35.00 bkl Liu, Airong verfasserin aut Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Water - chemistry Iron Compounds - chemistry Iron - chemistry Borohydrides - chemistry Liu, Jing oth Zhang, Wei-Xian oth Enthalten in Chemosphere Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier Science, 1972 119(2015), Seite 1068-1074 (DE-627)129288586 (DE-600)120089-6 (DE-576)014470187 0045-6535 nnns volume:119 year:2015 pages:1068-1074 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317915 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 10100 38.32 AVZ 35.00 AVZ AR 119 2015 1068-1074
language	English
source	Enthalten in Chemosphere 119(2015), Seite 1068-1074 volume:119 year:2015 pages:1068-1074
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institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Water - chemistry Iron Compounds - chemistry Iron - chemistry Borohydrides - chemistry
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Liu, Airong @@aut@@ Liu, Jing @@oth@@ Zhang, Wei-Xian @@oth@@
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In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="540" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 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author	Liu, Airong
spellingShingle	Liu, Airong ddc 333.7 rvk AR 10100 bkl 38.32 bkl 35.00 misc Water - chemistry misc Iron Compounds - chemistry misc Iron - chemistry misc Borohydrides - chemistry Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water
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topic_title	333.7 DNB AR 10100 AVZ rvk 38.32 bkl 35.00 bkl Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water Water - chemistry Iron Compounds - chemistry Iron - chemistry Borohydrides - chemistry
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title	Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water
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title_full	Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water
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title_sort	transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nzvi) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water
title_auth	Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water
abstract	The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions.
abstractGer	The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions.
abstract_unstemmed	The reactivity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) toward targeted contaminants is affected by the initial nZVI composition and the iron oxides formed during the aging process in aquatic systems. In this paper, the aging effects of nZVI, prepared using a borohydride reduction method in static water over a period of 90 days (d), are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the corrosion products of nZVI. Results show that both the structures and the compositions of the corrosion products change with the process of aging. The products of nZVI aged for 5 d in static water media are mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), accompanied by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH). For products aged 10 d, XRD data show the formation of ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite. When aged up to 90 d, the products are mainly γ-FeOOH mixed with small amounts of Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) images show that the core-shell structure forms into a hollow spherical shape after 30 d of aging in aquatic media. The results indicate first that iron ions in the Fe(0) core diffuse outwardly toward the shell, and hollowed-out iron oxide shells emerge. Then, the iron oxide shell collapses and becomes a flaky, acicular-shaped structure. The type and the crystal phase of second iron oxide minerals are vastly different at various aging times. This study helps to explain the patterns of occurrence of specific iron oxides in different natural conditions.
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title_short	Transformation and composition evolution of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) synthesized by borohydride reduction in static water
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.026 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317915
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up_date	2024-07-04T04:52:04.614Z
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