N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility
Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviol...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Sgroi, Massimiliano [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015 |
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| Rechteinformationen: |
Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Water research - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, Pergamon, 1967, 70(2015), Seite 174-183 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:70 ; year:2015 ; pages:174-183 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 |
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| 520 | |a Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Dimethylnitrosamine - chemical synthesis | |
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10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963550099 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963550099 (PRQ)c1267-85e0540bf8cb682ab8d39b1a985cd81e55dc876ff22b1c16ef9b89f71e908ef50 (KEY)0018203620150000070000000174nnitrosodimethylaminendmaformationatanindirectpota DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Sgroi, Massimiliano verfasserin aut N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Ozone - chemistry Dimethylnitrosamine - chemical synthesis Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry Roccaro, Paolo oth Oelker, Gregg L oth Snyder, Shane A oth Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, Pergamon, 1967 70(2015), Seite 174-183 (DE-627)129471860 (DE-600)202613-2 (DE-576)014841630 0043-1354 nnns volume:70 year:2015 pages:174-183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25528547 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4219 AR 70 2015 174-183 |
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10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963550099 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963550099 (PRQ)c1267-85e0540bf8cb682ab8d39b1a985cd81e55dc876ff22b1c16ef9b89f71e908ef50 (KEY)0018203620150000070000000174nnitrosodimethylaminendmaformationatanindirectpota DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Sgroi, Massimiliano verfasserin aut N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Ozone - chemistry Dimethylnitrosamine - chemical synthesis Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry Roccaro, Paolo oth Oelker, Gregg L oth Snyder, Shane A oth Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, Pergamon, 1967 70(2015), Seite 174-183 (DE-627)129471860 (DE-600)202613-2 (DE-576)014841630 0043-1354 nnns volume:70 year:2015 pages:174-183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25528547 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4219 AR 70 2015 174-183 |
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10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963550099 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963550099 (PRQ)c1267-85e0540bf8cb682ab8d39b1a985cd81e55dc876ff22b1c16ef9b89f71e908ef50 (KEY)0018203620150000070000000174nnitrosodimethylaminendmaformationatanindirectpota DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Sgroi, Massimiliano verfasserin aut N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Ozone - chemistry Dimethylnitrosamine - chemical synthesis Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry Roccaro, Paolo oth Oelker, Gregg L oth Snyder, Shane A oth Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, Pergamon, 1967 70(2015), Seite 174-183 (DE-627)129471860 (DE-600)202613-2 (DE-576)014841630 0043-1354 nnns volume:70 year:2015 pages:174-183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25528547 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4219 AR 70 2015 174-183 |
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10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963550099 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963550099 (PRQ)c1267-85e0540bf8cb682ab8d39b1a985cd81e55dc876ff22b1c16ef9b89f71e908ef50 (KEY)0018203620150000070000000174nnitrosodimethylaminendmaformationatanindirectpota DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Sgroi, Massimiliano verfasserin aut N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Ozone - chemistry Dimethylnitrosamine - chemical synthesis Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry Roccaro, Paolo oth Oelker, Gregg L oth Snyder, Shane A oth Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, Pergamon, 1967 70(2015), Seite 174-183 (DE-627)129471860 (DE-600)202613-2 (DE-576)014841630 0043-1354 nnns volume:70 year:2015 pages:174-183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25528547 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4219 AR 70 2015 174-183 |
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10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1963550099 (DE-599)GBVOLC1963550099 (PRQ)c1267-85e0540bf8cb682ab8d39b1a985cd81e55dc876ff22b1c16ef9b89f71e908ef50 (KEY)0018203620150000070000000174nnitrosodimethylaminendmaformationatanindirectpota DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB Sgroi, Massimiliano verfasserin aut N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Ozone - chemistry Dimethylnitrosamine - chemical synthesis Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry Roccaro, Paolo oth Oelker, Gregg L oth Snyder, Shane A oth Enthalten in Water research Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, Pergamon, 1967 70(2015), Seite 174-183 (DE-627)129471860 (DE-600)202613-2 (DE-576)014841630 0043-1354 nnns volume:70 year:2015 pages:174-183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.051 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25528547 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4219 AR 70 2015 174-183 |
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n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility |
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N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility |
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Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled. |
| abstractGer |
Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Full-scale experiments to evaluate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and attenuation were performed within an advanced indirect potable reuse (IPR) treatment system, which includes, sequentially: chloramination for membrane fouling control, microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), ultraviolet irradiation with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂), final chloramination, and pH stabilization. Results of the study demonstrate that while RO does effectively remove the vast majority of NDMA precursors, RO permeate can still contain significant concentrations of NDMA precursors resulting in additional NDMA formation during chloramination. Thus, it is possible for this advanced treatment system to produce water with NDMA levels higher than regional requirements for potable applications (10 ng/L). The presence of H2O2 during UV oxidation reduced NDMA photolysis efficiency and increased NDMA formation (∼22 ng/L) during the secondary chloramination and lime stabilization. This is likely due to formation of UV/H₂O₂ degradation by-products with higher NDMA formation rate than the parent compounds. However, this effect was diminished with higher UV doses. Bench-scale experiments confirmed an enhanced NDMA formation during chloramination after UV/H2O2 treatment of dimethylformamide, a compound detected in RO permeate and used as model precursor in this study. The effect of pre-ozonation for membrane fouling control on NDMA formation was also evaluated at pilot- (ozone-MF-RO) and bench-scale. Relatively large NDMA formation (117-227 ng/L) occurred through ozone application that was dose dependent, whereas chloramination under typical dosages and contact times of IPR systems resulted in only a relatively small increase of NDMA (∼20 ng/L). Thus, this research shows that NDMA formation within a potable water reuse facility can be challenging and must be carefully evaluated and controlled. |
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N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility |
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