Curing of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Diol Using Isocyanate, Isocyanate‐Free, Synchronous Dual, and Sequential Dual Curing Systems
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the n...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Hagen, Trond H [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015 |
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| Rechteinformationen: |
Nutzungsrecht: © 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 1982, 40(2015), 2, Seite 275-284 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:40 ; year:2015 ; number:2 ; pages:275-284 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1002/prep.201400146 |
|---|
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| 520 | |a Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the nature of the binder system and the binder‐filler interactions. In this work, we report a detailed investigation into curing systems for GAP diol with the objective of attaining the best possible mechanical characteristics as evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing of non‐plasticized polymer specimens. We started out by investigating isocyanate and isocyanate‐free curing systems, the latter by using the crystalline and easily soluble alkyne curing agent bispropargylhydroquinone (BPHQ). In the course of the presented study, we then assessed the feasibility of dual curing systems, either by using BPHQ and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) simultaneously (synchronous dual curing), or by applying propargyl alcohol and IPDI consecutively (sequential dual curing). The latter method, which employs propargyl alcohol as a readily available and adjustable hydroxyl‐telechelic branching agent for GAP through thermal triazole formation, gave rise to polymer specimens with mechanical characteristics that compared favorably with the best polymer specimens obtained from GAP diol and mixed isocyanate curatives. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of non‐plasticized samples was heightened when triazole‐based curing agents were included, but when plasticized with nitratoethylnitramine (NENA) plasticizer, T g values were very similar, irrespective of the curing method. | ||
| 540 | |a Nutzungsrecht: © 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a GAP | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Isocyanate curing | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Branched GAP | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Azide‐alkyne curing | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Dual curing | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Jensen, Tomas L |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Unneberg, Erik |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Stenstrøm, Yngve H |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kristensen, Tor E |4 oth | |
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10.1002/prep.201400146 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965351190 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965351190 (PRQ)c2296-b08a553a34813ca2a4c403c7ce7f6bf66a75c6783afc19fb2a0ac32189c6fbb03 (KEY)0043344620150000040000200275curingofglycidylazidepolymergapdiolusingisocyanate DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 42 660 670 760 770 DNB 660 AVZ Hagen, Trond H verfasserin aut Curing of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Diol Using Isocyanate, Isocyanate‐Free, Synchronous Dual, and Sequential Dual Curing Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the nature of the binder system and the binder‐filler interactions. In this work, we report a detailed investigation into curing systems for GAP diol with the objective of attaining the best possible mechanical characteristics as evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing of non‐plasticized polymer specimens. We started out by investigating isocyanate and isocyanate‐free curing systems, the latter by using the crystalline and easily soluble alkyne curing agent bispropargylhydroquinone (BPHQ). In the course of the presented study, we then assessed the feasibility of dual curing systems, either by using BPHQ and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) simultaneously (synchronous dual curing), or by applying propargyl alcohol and IPDI consecutively (sequential dual curing). The latter method, which employs propargyl alcohol as a readily available and adjustable hydroxyl‐telechelic branching agent for GAP through thermal triazole formation, gave rise to polymer specimens with mechanical characteristics that compared favorably with the best polymer specimens obtained from GAP diol and mixed isocyanate curatives. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of non‐plasticized samples was heightened when triazole‐based curing agents were included, but when plasticized with nitratoethylnitramine (NENA) plasticizer, T g values were very similar, irrespective of the curing method. Nutzungsrecht: © 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim GAP Isocyanate curing Branched GAP Azide‐alkyne curing Dual curing Printing industry Curing Jensen, Tomas L oth Unneberg, Erik oth Stenstrøm, Yngve H oth Kristensen, Tor E oth Enthalten in Propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 1982 40(2015), 2, Seite 275-284 (DE-627)129619957 (DE-600)245919-X (DE-576)015125769 0721-3115 nnns volume:40 year:2015 number:2 pages:275-284 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201400146 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prep.201400146/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1670923596 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 AR 40 2015 2 275-284 |
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10.1002/prep.201400146 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965351190 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965351190 (PRQ)c2296-b08a553a34813ca2a4c403c7ce7f6bf66a75c6783afc19fb2a0ac32189c6fbb03 (KEY)0043344620150000040000200275curingofglycidylazidepolymergapdiolusingisocyanate DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 42 660 670 760 770 DNB 660 AVZ Hagen, Trond H verfasserin aut Curing of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Diol Using Isocyanate, Isocyanate‐Free, Synchronous Dual, and Sequential Dual Curing Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the nature of the binder system and the binder‐filler interactions. In this work, we report a detailed investigation into curing systems for GAP diol with the objective of attaining the best possible mechanical characteristics as evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing of non‐plasticized polymer specimens. We started out by investigating isocyanate and isocyanate‐free curing systems, the latter by using the crystalline and easily soluble alkyne curing agent bispropargylhydroquinone (BPHQ). In the course of the presented study, we then assessed the feasibility of dual curing systems, either by using BPHQ and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) simultaneously (synchronous dual curing), or by applying propargyl alcohol and IPDI consecutively (sequential dual curing). The latter method, which employs propargyl alcohol as a readily available and adjustable hydroxyl‐telechelic branching agent for GAP through thermal triazole formation, gave rise to polymer specimens with mechanical characteristics that compared favorably with the best polymer specimens obtained from GAP diol and mixed isocyanate curatives. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of non‐plasticized samples was heightened when triazole‐based curing agents were included, but when plasticized with nitratoethylnitramine (NENA) plasticizer, T g values were very similar, irrespective of the curing method. Nutzungsrecht: © 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim GAP Isocyanate curing Branched GAP Azide‐alkyne curing Dual curing Printing industry Curing Jensen, Tomas L oth Unneberg, Erik oth Stenstrøm, Yngve H oth Kristensen, Tor E oth Enthalten in Propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 1982 40(2015), 2, Seite 275-284 (DE-627)129619957 (DE-600)245919-X (DE-576)015125769 0721-3115 nnns volume:40 year:2015 number:2 pages:275-284 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201400146 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prep.201400146/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1670923596 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 AR 40 2015 2 275-284 |
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10.1002/prep.201400146 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965351190 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965351190 (PRQ)c2296-b08a553a34813ca2a4c403c7ce7f6bf66a75c6783afc19fb2a0ac32189c6fbb03 (KEY)0043344620150000040000200275curingofglycidylazidepolymergapdiolusingisocyanate DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 42 660 670 760 770 DNB 660 AVZ Hagen, Trond H verfasserin aut Curing of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Diol Using Isocyanate, Isocyanate‐Free, Synchronous Dual, and Sequential Dual Curing Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the nature of the binder system and the binder‐filler interactions. In this work, we report a detailed investigation into curing systems for GAP diol with the objective of attaining the best possible mechanical characteristics as evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing of non‐plasticized polymer specimens. We started out by investigating isocyanate and isocyanate‐free curing systems, the latter by using the crystalline and easily soluble alkyne curing agent bispropargylhydroquinone (BPHQ). In the course of the presented study, we then assessed the feasibility of dual curing systems, either by using BPHQ and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) simultaneously (synchronous dual curing), or by applying propargyl alcohol and IPDI consecutively (sequential dual curing). The latter method, which employs propargyl alcohol as a readily available and adjustable hydroxyl‐telechelic branching agent for GAP through thermal triazole formation, gave rise to polymer specimens with mechanical characteristics that compared favorably with the best polymer specimens obtained from GAP diol and mixed isocyanate curatives. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of non‐plasticized samples was heightened when triazole‐based curing agents were included, but when plasticized with nitratoethylnitramine (NENA) plasticizer, T g values were very similar, irrespective of the curing method. Nutzungsrecht: © 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim GAP Isocyanate curing Branched GAP Azide‐alkyne curing Dual curing Printing industry Curing Jensen, Tomas L oth Unneberg, Erik oth Stenstrøm, Yngve H oth Kristensen, Tor E oth Enthalten in Propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 1982 40(2015), 2, Seite 275-284 (DE-627)129619957 (DE-600)245919-X (DE-576)015125769 0721-3115 nnns volume:40 year:2015 number:2 pages:275-284 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201400146 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prep.201400146/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1670923596 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 AR 40 2015 2 275-284 |
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10.1002/prep.201400146 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965351190 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965351190 (PRQ)c2296-b08a553a34813ca2a4c403c7ce7f6bf66a75c6783afc19fb2a0ac32189c6fbb03 (KEY)0043344620150000040000200275curingofglycidylazidepolymergapdiolusingisocyanate DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 42 660 670 760 770 DNB 660 AVZ Hagen, Trond H verfasserin aut Curing of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Diol Using Isocyanate, Isocyanate‐Free, Synchronous Dual, and Sequential Dual Curing Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the nature of the binder system and the binder‐filler interactions. In this work, we report a detailed investigation into curing systems for GAP diol with the objective of attaining the best possible mechanical characteristics as evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing of non‐plasticized polymer specimens. We started out by investigating isocyanate and isocyanate‐free curing systems, the latter by using the crystalline and easily soluble alkyne curing agent bispropargylhydroquinone (BPHQ). In the course of the presented study, we then assessed the feasibility of dual curing systems, either by using BPHQ and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) simultaneously (synchronous dual curing), or by applying propargyl alcohol and IPDI consecutively (sequential dual curing). The latter method, which employs propargyl alcohol as a readily available and adjustable hydroxyl‐telechelic branching agent for GAP through thermal triazole formation, gave rise to polymer specimens with mechanical characteristics that compared favorably with the best polymer specimens obtained from GAP diol and mixed isocyanate curatives. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of non‐plasticized samples was heightened when triazole‐based curing agents were included, but when plasticized with nitratoethylnitramine (NENA) plasticizer, T g values were very similar, irrespective of the curing method. Nutzungsrecht: © 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim GAP Isocyanate curing Branched GAP Azide‐alkyne curing Dual curing Printing industry Curing Jensen, Tomas L oth Unneberg, Erik oth Stenstrøm, Yngve H oth Kristensen, Tor E oth Enthalten in Propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 1982 40(2015), 2, Seite 275-284 (DE-627)129619957 (DE-600)245919-X (DE-576)015125769 0721-3115 nnns volume:40 year:2015 number:2 pages:275-284 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201400146 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prep.201400146/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1670923596 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 AR 40 2015 2 275-284 |
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10.1002/prep.201400146 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965351190 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965351190 (PRQ)c2296-b08a553a34813ca2a4c403c7ce7f6bf66a75c6783afc19fb2a0ac32189c6fbb03 (KEY)0043344620150000040000200275curingofglycidylazidepolymergapdiolusingisocyanate DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 42 660 670 760 770 DNB 660 AVZ Hagen, Trond H verfasserin aut Curing of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Diol Using Isocyanate, Isocyanate‐Free, Synchronous Dual, and Sequential Dual Curing Systems 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the nature of the binder system and the binder‐filler interactions. In this work, we report a detailed investigation into curing systems for GAP diol with the objective of attaining the best possible mechanical characteristics as evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing of non‐plasticized polymer specimens. We started out by investigating isocyanate and isocyanate‐free curing systems, the latter by using the crystalline and easily soluble alkyne curing agent bispropargylhydroquinone (BPHQ). In the course of the presented study, we then assessed the feasibility of dual curing systems, either by using BPHQ and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) simultaneously (synchronous dual curing), or by applying propargyl alcohol and IPDI consecutively (sequential dual curing). The latter method, which employs propargyl alcohol as a readily available and adjustable hydroxyl‐telechelic branching agent for GAP through thermal triazole formation, gave rise to polymer specimens with mechanical characteristics that compared favorably with the best polymer specimens obtained from GAP diol and mixed isocyanate curatives. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of non‐plasticized samples was heightened when triazole‐based curing agents were included, but when plasticized with nitratoethylnitramine (NENA) plasticizer, T g values were very similar, irrespective of the curing method. Nutzungsrecht: © 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim GAP Isocyanate curing Branched GAP Azide‐alkyne curing Dual curing Printing industry Curing Jensen, Tomas L oth Unneberg, Erik oth Stenstrøm, Yngve H oth Kristensen, Tor E oth Enthalten in Propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 1982 40(2015), 2, Seite 275-284 (DE-627)129619957 (DE-600)245919-X (DE-576)015125769 0721-3115 nnns volume:40 year:2015 number:2 pages:275-284 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201400146 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/prep.201400146/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1670923596 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-CHE GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_2018 AR 40 2015 2 275-284 |
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curing of glycidyl azide polymer (gap) diol using isocyanate, isocyanate‐free, synchronous dual, and sequential dual curing systems |
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Curing of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Diol Using Isocyanate, Isocyanate‐Free, Synchronous Dual, and Sequential Dual Curing Systems |
| abstract |
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the nature of the binder system and the binder‐filler interactions. In this work, we report a detailed investigation into curing systems for GAP diol with the objective of attaining the best possible mechanical characteristics as evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing of non‐plasticized polymer specimens. We started out by investigating isocyanate and isocyanate‐free curing systems, the latter by using the crystalline and easily soluble alkyne curing agent bispropargylhydroquinone (BPHQ). In the course of the presented study, we then assessed the feasibility of dual curing systems, either by using BPHQ and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) simultaneously (synchronous dual curing), or by applying propargyl alcohol and IPDI consecutively (sequential dual curing). The latter method, which employs propargyl alcohol as a readily available and adjustable hydroxyl‐telechelic branching agent for GAP through thermal triazole formation, gave rise to polymer specimens with mechanical characteristics that compared favorably with the best polymer specimens obtained from GAP diol and mixed isocyanate curatives. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of non‐plasticized samples was heightened when triazole‐based curing agents were included, but when plasticized with nitratoethylnitramine (NENA) plasticizer, T g values were very similar, irrespective of the curing method. |
| abstractGer |
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the nature of the binder system and the binder‐filler interactions. In this work, we report a detailed investigation into curing systems for GAP diol with the objective of attaining the best possible mechanical characteristics as evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing of non‐plasticized polymer specimens. We started out by investigating isocyanate and isocyanate‐free curing systems, the latter by using the crystalline and easily soluble alkyne curing agent bispropargylhydroquinone (BPHQ). In the course of the presented study, we then assessed the feasibility of dual curing systems, either by using BPHQ and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) simultaneously (synchronous dual curing), or by applying propargyl alcohol and IPDI consecutively (sequential dual curing). The latter method, which employs propargyl alcohol as a readily available and adjustable hydroxyl‐telechelic branching agent for GAP through thermal triazole formation, gave rise to polymer specimens with mechanical characteristics that compared favorably with the best polymer specimens obtained from GAP diol and mixed isocyanate curatives. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of non‐plasticized samples was heightened when triazole‐based curing agents were included, but when plasticized with nitratoethylnitramine (NENA) plasticizer, T g values were very similar, irrespective of the curing method. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an important energetic binder candidate for new minimum signature solid composite rocket propellants, but the mechanical properties of such GAP propellants are often limited. The mechanical characteristics of composite rocket propellants are mainly determined by the nature of the binder system and the binder‐filler interactions. In this work, we report a detailed investigation into curing systems for GAP diol with the objective of attaining the best possible mechanical characteristics as evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing of non‐plasticized polymer specimens. We started out by investigating isocyanate and isocyanate‐free curing systems, the latter by using the crystalline and easily soluble alkyne curing agent bispropargylhydroquinone (BPHQ). In the course of the presented study, we then assessed the feasibility of dual curing systems, either by using BPHQ and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) simultaneously (synchronous dual curing), or by applying propargyl alcohol and IPDI consecutively (sequential dual curing). The latter method, which employs propargyl alcohol as a readily available and adjustable hydroxyl‐telechelic branching agent for GAP through thermal triazole formation, gave rise to polymer specimens with mechanical characteristics that compared favorably with the best polymer specimens obtained from GAP diol and mixed isocyanate curatives. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) of non‐plasticized samples was heightened when triazole‐based curing agents were included, but when plasticized with nitratoethylnitramine (NENA) plasticizer, T g values were very similar, irrespective of the curing method. |
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