Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice
In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for col...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Komarov, Alexander S [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
winter snow thickness retrieval Electromagnetic wave scattering C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections snow-covered first-year sea ice |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing - New York, NY : IEEE, 1964, 53(2015), 7, Seite 4063-4078 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:53 ; year:2015 ; number:7 ; pages:4063-4078 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 |
|---|
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OLC1965773265 |
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| 520 | |a In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Atmospheric modeling | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sea surface | |
| 650 | 4 | |a polarization | |
| 650 | 4 | |a thick-snow-cover case | |
| 650 | 4 | |a sea ice | |
| 650 | 4 | |a oceanographic techniques | |
| 650 | 4 | |a cold winter conditions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a wave propagation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a rough interfaces | |
| 650 | 4 | |a C-band radar backscatter | |
| 650 | 4 | |a icebreaker | |
| 650 | 4 | |a brine volume contents | |
| 650 | 4 | |a perturbation theory | |
| 650 | 4 | |a oceanographic regions | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Scattering | |
| 650 | 4 | |a snow-covered sea ice | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ocean temperature | |
| 650 | 4 | |a snow | |
| 650 | 4 | |a radar observations | |
| 650 | 4 | |a winter snow thickness retrieval | |
| 650 | 4 | |a radar polarimetry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a small perturbation theory | |
| 650 | 4 | |a AD 2008 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a thin-snow pack | |
| 650 | 4 | |a incidence angles | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Electromagnetic wave scattering | |
| 650 | 4 | |a approximation theory | |
| 650 | 4 | |a C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections | |
| 650 | 4 | |a thick-snow pack | |
| 650 | 4 | |a snow-covered first-year sea ice | |
| 650 | 4 | |a continuously layered snow | |
| 650 | 4 | |a C-band HH normalized radar cross-sections | |
| 650 | 4 | |a circumpolar flaw lead system | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Amundsen | |
| 650 | 4 | |a layered media | |
| 650 | 4 | |a snow-ice rough interfaces | |
| 650 | 4 | |a backscattering coefficients | |
| 650 | 4 | |a first-order approximation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a air-snow rough interfaces | |
| 650 | 4 | |a NRCS values | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Isleifson, Dustin |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Barber, David G |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Shafai, Lotfollah |4 oth | |
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10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965773265 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965773265 (PRQ)c1310-b1ca69d03d071ed197693f88aed0aba685b2314ed0513ccd33310d4a0a1534420 (KEY)0048677920150000053000704063modelingandmeasurementofcbandradarbackscatterfroms DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Komarov, Alexander S verfasserin aut Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions. Atmospheric modeling Sea surface polarization thick-snow-cover case sea ice oceanographic techniques cold winter conditions wave propagation rough interfaces C-band radar backscatter icebreaker brine volume contents perturbation theory oceanographic regions Scattering snow-covered sea ice Ocean temperature snow radar observations winter snow thickness retrieval radar polarimetry small perturbation theory AD 2008 thin-snow pack incidence angles Electromagnetic wave scattering approximation theory C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections thick-snow pack snow-covered first-year sea ice continuously layered snow C-band HH normalized radar cross-sections circumpolar flaw lead system Amundsen layered media snow-ice rough interfaces backscattering coefficients first-order approximation air-snow rough interfaces NRCS values Isleifson, Dustin oth Barber, David G oth Shafai, Lotfollah oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 53(2015), 7, Seite 4063-4078 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:53 year:2015 number:7 pages:4063-4078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7047848 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 AR 53 2015 7 4063-4078 |
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10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965773265 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965773265 (PRQ)c1310-b1ca69d03d071ed197693f88aed0aba685b2314ed0513ccd33310d4a0a1534420 (KEY)0048677920150000053000704063modelingandmeasurementofcbandradarbackscatterfroms DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Komarov, Alexander S verfasserin aut Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions. Atmospheric modeling Sea surface polarization thick-snow-cover case sea ice oceanographic techniques cold winter conditions wave propagation rough interfaces C-band radar backscatter icebreaker brine volume contents perturbation theory oceanographic regions Scattering snow-covered sea ice Ocean temperature snow radar observations winter snow thickness retrieval radar polarimetry small perturbation theory AD 2008 thin-snow pack incidence angles Electromagnetic wave scattering approximation theory C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections thick-snow pack snow-covered first-year sea ice continuously layered snow C-band HH normalized radar cross-sections circumpolar flaw lead system Amundsen layered media snow-ice rough interfaces backscattering coefficients first-order approximation air-snow rough interfaces NRCS values Isleifson, Dustin oth Barber, David G oth Shafai, Lotfollah oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 53(2015), 7, Seite 4063-4078 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:53 year:2015 number:7 pages:4063-4078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7047848 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 AR 53 2015 7 4063-4078 |
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10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965773265 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965773265 (PRQ)c1310-b1ca69d03d071ed197693f88aed0aba685b2314ed0513ccd33310d4a0a1534420 (KEY)0048677920150000053000704063modelingandmeasurementofcbandradarbackscatterfroms DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Komarov, Alexander S verfasserin aut Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions. Atmospheric modeling Sea surface polarization thick-snow-cover case sea ice oceanographic techniques cold winter conditions wave propagation rough interfaces C-band radar backscatter icebreaker brine volume contents perturbation theory oceanographic regions Scattering snow-covered sea ice Ocean temperature snow radar observations winter snow thickness retrieval radar polarimetry small perturbation theory AD 2008 thin-snow pack incidence angles Electromagnetic wave scattering approximation theory C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections thick-snow pack snow-covered first-year sea ice continuously layered snow C-band HH normalized radar cross-sections circumpolar flaw lead system Amundsen layered media snow-ice rough interfaces backscattering coefficients first-order approximation air-snow rough interfaces NRCS values Isleifson, Dustin oth Barber, David G oth Shafai, Lotfollah oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 53(2015), 7, Seite 4063-4078 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:53 year:2015 number:7 pages:4063-4078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7047848 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 AR 53 2015 7 4063-4078 |
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10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965773265 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965773265 (PRQ)c1310-b1ca69d03d071ed197693f88aed0aba685b2314ed0513ccd33310d4a0a1534420 (KEY)0048677920150000053000704063modelingandmeasurementofcbandradarbackscatterfroms DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Komarov, Alexander S verfasserin aut Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions. Atmospheric modeling Sea surface polarization thick-snow-cover case sea ice oceanographic techniques cold winter conditions wave propagation rough interfaces C-band radar backscatter icebreaker brine volume contents perturbation theory oceanographic regions Scattering snow-covered sea ice Ocean temperature snow radar observations winter snow thickness retrieval radar polarimetry small perturbation theory AD 2008 thin-snow pack incidence angles Electromagnetic wave scattering approximation theory C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections thick-snow pack snow-covered first-year sea ice continuously layered snow C-band HH normalized radar cross-sections circumpolar flaw lead system Amundsen layered media snow-ice rough interfaces backscattering coefficients first-order approximation air-snow rough interfaces NRCS values Isleifson, Dustin oth Barber, David G oth Shafai, Lotfollah oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 53(2015), 7, Seite 4063-4078 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:53 year:2015 number:7 pages:4063-4078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7047848 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 AR 53 2015 7 4063-4078 |
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10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 doi PQ20160617 (DE-627)OLC1965773265 (DE-599)GBVOLC1965773265 (PRQ)c1310-b1ca69d03d071ed197693f88aed0aba685b2314ed0513ccd33310d4a0a1534420 (KEY)0048677920150000053000704063modelingandmeasurementofcbandradarbackscatterfroms DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Komarov, Alexander S verfasserin aut Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions. Atmospheric modeling Sea surface polarization thick-snow-cover case sea ice oceanographic techniques cold winter conditions wave propagation rough interfaces C-band radar backscatter icebreaker brine volume contents perturbation theory oceanographic regions Scattering snow-covered sea ice Ocean temperature snow radar observations winter snow thickness retrieval radar polarimetry small perturbation theory AD 2008 thin-snow pack incidence angles Electromagnetic wave scattering approximation theory C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections thick-snow pack snow-covered first-year sea ice continuously layered snow C-band HH normalized radar cross-sections circumpolar flaw lead system Amundsen layered media snow-ice rough interfaces backscattering coefficients first-order approximation air-snow rough interfaces NRCS values Isleifson, Dustin oth Barber, David G oth Shafai, Lotfollah oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 53(2015), 7, Seite 4063-4078 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:53 year:2015 number:7 pages:4063-4078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2390192 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7047848 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_2027 AR 53 2015 7 4063-4078 |
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Komarov, Alexander S |
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Komarov, Alexander S ddc 620 misc Atmospheric modeling misc Sea surface misc polarization misc thick-snow-cover case misc sea ice misc oceanographic techniques misc cold winter conditions misc wave propagation misc rough interfaces misc C-band radar backscatter misc icebreaker misc brine volume contents misc perturbation theory misc oceanographic regions misc Scattering misc snow-covered sea ice misc Ocean temperature misc snow misc radar observations misc winter snow thickness retrieval misc radar polarimetry misc small perturbation theory misc AD 2008 misc thin-snow pack misc incidence angles misc Electromagnetic wave scattering misc approximation theory misc C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections misc thick-snow pack misc snow-covered first-year sea ice misc continuously layered snow misc C-band HH normalized radar cross-sections misc circumpolar flaw lead system misc Amundsen misc layered media misc snow-ice rough interfaces misc backscattering coefficients misc first-order approximation misc air-snow rough interfaces misc NRCS values Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice |
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620 550 DNB Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice Atmospheric modeling Sea surface polarization thick-snow-cover case sea ice oceanographic techniques cold winter conditions wave propagation rough interfaces C-band radar backscatter icebreaker brine volume contents perturbation theory oceanographic regions Scattering snow-covered sea ice Ocean temperature snow radar observations winter snow thickness retrieval radar polarimetry small perturbation theory AD 2008 thin-snow pack incidence angles Electromagnetic wave scattering approximation theory C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections thick-snow pack snow-covered first-year sea ice continuously layered snow C-band HH normalized radar cross-sections circumpolar flaw lead system Amundsen layered media snow-ice rough interfaces backscattering coefficients first-order approximation air-snow rough interfaces NRCS values |
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ddc 620 misc Atmospheric modeling misc Sea surface misc polarization misc thick-snow-cover case misc sea ice misc oceanographic techniques misc cold winter conditions misc wave propagation misc rough interfaces misc C-band radar backscatter misc icebreaker misc brine volume contents misc perturbation theory misc oceanographic regions misc Scattering misc snow-covered sea ice misc Ocean temperature misc snow misc radar observations misc winter snow thickness retrieval misc radar polarimetry misc small perturbation theory misc AD 2008 misc thin-snow pack misc incidence angles misc Electromagnetic wave scattering misc approximation theory misc C-band VV normalized radar cross-sections misc thick-snow pack misc snow-covered first-year sea ice misc continuously layered snow misc C-band HH normalized radar cross-sections misc circumpolar flaw lead system misc Amundsen misc layered media misc snow-ice rough interfaces misc backscattering coefficients misc first-order approximation misc air-snow rough interfaces misc NRCS values |
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modeling and measurement of c-band radar backscatter from snow-covered first-year sea ice |
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Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice |
| abstract |
In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions. |
| abstractGer |
In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
In this paper, we present model and measurement results for C-band HH and VV normalized radar cross-sections (NRCS) from winter snow-covered first-year sea ice with average snow thicknesses of 16, 4, and 3 cm. The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions. |
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Modeling and Measurement of C-Band Radar Backscatter From Snow-Covered First-Year Sea Ice |
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The brine content in snow pack was low in all three case studies, which is typical for cold winter conditions. We used the first-order approximation of the small perturbation theory accounting for surface scattering from the air-snow and snow-ice rough interfaces and continuously layered snow and sea ice. The experimental data were collected during the Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study in the winter of 2008 in the southern Beaufort Sea from the research icebreaker Amundsen. Good agreement between the model and experimental data were observed for all three case studies. The model results revealed that the scattering at the snow-ice rough interface is usually stronger than that at the air-snow interface. Furthermore, both model and experimental NRCS values (at VV and HH polarizations) were considerably higher for thin-snow cover compared with the thick-snow-cover case. We associate this effect with the lower attenuation of the propagated wave within the thin-snow pack in comparison to the thick-snow pack. We also demonstrated that different brine volume contents in snow with close thicknesses of 4 and 3 cm did not affect the backscattering coefficients at certain incidence angles and polarization. Our findings provide the physical basis for winter snow thickness retrieval and suggest that such retrievals may be possible from radar observations under particular scattering conditions.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Atmospheric modeling</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Sea surface</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">polarization</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">thick-snow-cover case</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">sea ice</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">oceanographic techniques</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">cold winter conditions</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">wave 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