Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizo...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2015 |
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| Rechteinformationen: |
Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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| Schlagwörter: |
Sinorhizobium meliloti - drug effects Medicago sativa - drug effects |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: The science of the total environment - Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1972, 515-516(2015), Seite 60-69 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:515-516 ; year:2015 ; pages:60-69 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 |
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| 520 | |a ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. | ||
| 540 | |a Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Zinc Oxide - toxicity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sinorhizobium meliloti - drug effects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Medicago sativa - physiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Medicago sativa - drug effects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Soil Pollutants - toxicity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Medicago sativa - microbiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanoparticles - toxicity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sinorhizobium meliloti - physiology | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Plascencia-Villa, Germán |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a José-Yacamán, Miguel |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bandyopadhyay, Susmita |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rico, Cyren M |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mukherjee, Arnab |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Peralta-Videa, Jose R |4 oth | |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 doi PQ20160211 (DE-627)OLC1969688114 (DE-599)GBVOLC1969688114 (PRQ)c1897-e040c787ee88b2492fd10d62f477be19c19e723b116b49ea549d1bfc77396af60 (KEY)0073664320150000515000000060comparativephytotoxicityofznonpsbulkznoandioniczin DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 610 DNB Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L verfasserin aut Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Zinc Oxide - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - drug effects Medicago sativa - physiology Medicago sativa - drug effects Soil Pollutants - toxicity Medicago sativa - microbiology Nanoparticles - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - physiology Plascencia-Villa, Germán oth José-Yacamán, Miguel oth Bandyopadhyay, Susmita oth Rico, Cyren M oth Mukherjee, Arnab oth Peralta-Videa, Jose R oth Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1972 515-516(2015), Seite 60-69 (DE-627)129297917 (DE-600)121506-1 (DE-576)014490919 0048-9697 nnns volume:515-516 year:2015 pages:60-69 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698520 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 515-516 2015 60-69 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 doi PQ20160211 (DE-627)OLC1969688114 (DE-599)GBVOLC1969688114 (PRQ)c1897-e040c787ee88b2492fd10d62f477be19c19e723b116b49ea549d1bfc77396af60 (KEY)0073664320150000515000000060comparativephytotoxicityofznonpsbulkznoandioniczin DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 610 DNB Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L verfasserin aut Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Zinc Oxide - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - drug effects Medicago sativa - physiology Medicago sativa - drug effects Soil Pollutants - toxicity Medicago sativa - microbiology Nanoparticles - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - physiology Plascencia-Villa, Germán oth José-Yacamán, Miguel oth Bandyopadhyay, Susmita oth Rico, Cyren M oth Mukherjee, Arnab oth Peralta-Videa, Jose R oth Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1972 515-516(2015), Seite 60-69 (DE-627)129297917 (DE-600)121506-1 (DE-576)014490919 0048-9697 nnns volume:515-516 year:2015 pages:60-69 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698520 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 515-516 2015 60-69 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 doi PQ20160211 (DE-627)OLC1969688114 (DE-599)GBVOLC1969688114 (PRQ)c1897-e040c787ee88b2492fd10d62f477be19c19e723b116b49ea549d1bfc77396af60 (KEY)0073664320150000515000000060comparativephytotoxicityofznonpsbulkznoandioniczin DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 610 DNB Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L verfasserin aut Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Zinc Oxide - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - drug effects Medicago sativa - physiology Medicago sativa - drug effects Soil Pollutants - toxicity Medicago sativa - microbiology Nanoparticles - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - physiology Plascencia-Villa, Germán oth José-Yacamán, Miguel oth Bandyopadhyay, Susmita oth Rico, Cyren M oth Mukherjee, Arnab oth Peralta-Videa, Jose R oth Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1972 515-516(2015), Seite 60-69 (DE-627)129297917 (DE-600)121506-1 (DE-576)014490919 0048-9697 nnns volume:515-516 year:2015 pages:60-69 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698520 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 515-516 2015 60-69 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 doi PQ20160211 (DE-627)OLC1969688114 (DE-599)GBVOLC1969688114 (PRQ)c1897-e040c787ee88b2492fd10d62f477be19c19e723b116b49ea549d1bfc77396af60 (KEY)0073664320150000515000000060comparativephytotoxicityofznonpsbulkznoandioniczin DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 610 DNB Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L verfasserin aut Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Zinc Oxide - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - drug effects Medicago sativa - physiology Medicago sativa - drug effects Soil Pollutants - toxicity Medicago sativa - microbiology Nanoparticles - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - physiology Plascencia-Villa, Germán oth José-Yacamán, Miguel oth Bandyopadhyay, Susmita oth Rico, Cyren M oth Mukherjee, Arnab oth Peralta-Videa, Jose R oth Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1972 515-516(2015), Seite 60-69 (DE-627)129297917 (DE-600)121506-1 (DE-576)014490919 0048-9697 nnns volume:515-516 year:2015 pages:60-69 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698520 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 515-516 2015 60-69 |
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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 doi PQ20160211 (DE-627)OLC1969688114 (DE-599)GBVOLC1969688114 (PRQ)c1897-e040c787ee88b2492fd10d62f477be19c19e723b116b49ea549d1bfc77396af60 (KEY)0073664320150000515000000060comparativephytotoxicityofznonpsbulkznoandioniczin DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 333.7 610 DNB Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L verfasserin aut Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil 2015 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. Nutzungsrecht: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Zinc Oxide - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - drug effects Medicago sativa - physiology Medicago sativa - drug effects Soil Pollutants - toxicity Medicago sativa - microbiology Nanoparticles - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - physiology Plascencia-Villa, Germán oth José-Yacamán, Miguel oth Bandyopadhyay, Susmita oth Rico, Cyren M oth Mukherjee, Arnab oth Peralta-Videa, Jose R oth Enthalten in The science of the total environment Amsterdam : Elsevier, 1972 515-516(2015), Seite 60-69 (DE-627)129297917 (DE-600)121506-1 (DE-576)014490919 0048-9697 nnns volume:515-516 year:2015 pages:60-69 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 Volltext http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698520 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-UMW SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_4012 AR 515-516 2015 60-69 |
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Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L ddc 570 misc Zinc Oxide - toxicity misc Sinorhizobium meliloti - drug effects misc Medicago sativa - physiology misc Medicago sativa - drug effects misc Soil Pollutants - toxicity misc Medicago sativa - microbiology misc Nanoparticles - toxicity misc Sinorhizobium meliloti - physiology Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil |
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570 333.7 610 DNB Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil Zinc Oxide - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - drug effects Medicago sativa - physiology Medicago sativa - drug effects Soil Pollutants - toxicity Medicago sativa - microbiology Nanoparticles - toxicity Sinorhizobium meliloti - physiology |
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Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil |
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comparative phytotoxicity of zno nps, bulk zno, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with sinorhizobium meliloti in soil |
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Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil |
| abstract |
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. |
| abstractGer |
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are reported as potentially phytotoxic in hydroponic and soil media. However, studies on ZnO NPs toxicity in a plant inoculated with bacterium in soil are limited. In this study, ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl₂ were exposed to the symbiotic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-Sinorhizobium meliloti association at concentrations ranging from 0 to 750 mg/kg soil. Plant growth, Zn bioaccumulation, dry biomass, leaf area, total protein, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in 30 day-old plants. Results showed 50% germination reduction by bulk ZnO at 500 and 750 mg/kg and all ZnCl₂ concentrations. ZnO NPs and ionic Zn reduced root and shoot biomass by 80% and 25%, respectively. Conversely, bulk ZnO at 750 mg/kg increased shoot and root biomass by 225% and 10%, respectively, compared to control. At 500 and 750 mg/kg, ZnCl₂ reduced CAT activity in stems and leaves. Total leaf protein significantly decreased as external ZnCl₂ concentration increased. STEM-EDX imaging revealed the presence of ZnO particles in the root, stem, leaf, and nodule tissues. ZnO NPs showed less toxicity compared to ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO found to be growth enhancing on measured traits. These findings are significant to reveal the toxicity effects of different Zn species (NPs, bulk, and ionic Zn) into environmentally important plant-bacterial system in soil. |
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| title_short |
Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.014 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698520 |
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