Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions

Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Albert, Jay M [verfasserIn] Starks, Michael J Horne, Richard B Meredith, Nigel P Glauert, Sarah A

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2016

Rechteinformationen:	Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Schlagwörter:	pitch angle distributions

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Geophysical research letters - Washington, DC : Union, 1974, 43(2016), 6, Seite 2381-2388
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:43 ; year:2016 ; number:6 ; pages:2381-2388

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1002/2016GL067938

Katalog-ID:	OLC1972637983

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520			\|a Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. Hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitters can cause butterfly distributions at L = 2 Cross diffusion and boundary conditions must be treated properly to reproduce the distributions The butterfly distributions may be enhanced by magnetosonic waves
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allfields	10.1002/2016GL067938 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1972637983 (DE-599)GBVOLC1972637983 (PRQ)p950-c2e8cac9d0bf55482167c16969a7c6897db326098f11ba6c507e276e5e4101e90 (KEY)0026932820160000043000602381quasilinearsimulationsofinnerradiationbeltelectron DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Albert, Jay M verfasserin aut Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. Hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitters can cause butterfly distributions at L = 2 Cross diffusion and boundary conditions must be treated properly to reproduce the distributions The butterfly distributions may be enhanced by magnetosonic waves Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. pitch angle distributions Starks, Michael J oth Horne, Richard B oth Meredith, Nigel P oth Glauert, Sarah A oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 6, Seite 2381-2388 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:6 pages:2381-2388 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067938 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL067938/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1782348387 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 6 2381-2388
spelling	10.1002/2016GL067938 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1972637983 (DE-599)GBVOLC1972637983 (PRQ)p950-c2e8cac9d0bf55482167c16969a7c6897db326098f11ba6c507e276e5e4101e90 (KEY)0026932820160000043000602381quasilinearsimulationsofinnerradiationbeltelectron DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Albert, Jay M verfasserin aut Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. Hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitters can cause butterfly distributions at L = 2 Cross diffusion and boundary conditions must be treated properly to reproduce the distributions The butterfly distributions may be enhanced by magnetosonic waves Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. pitch angle distributions Starks, Michael J oth Horne, Richard B oth Meredith, Nigel P oth Glauert, Sarah A oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 6, Seite 2381-2388 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:6 pages:2381-2388 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067938 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL067938/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1782348387 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 6 2381-2388
allfields_unstemmed	10.1002/2016GL067938 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1972637983 (DE-599)GBVOLC1972637983 (PRQ)p950-c2e8cac9d0bf55482167c16969a7c6897db326098f11ba6c507e276e5e4101e90 (KEY)0026932820160000043000602381quasilinearsimulationsofinnerradiationbeltelectron DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Albert, Jay M verfasserin aut Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. Hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitters can cause butterfly distributions at L = 2 Cross diffusion and boundary conditions must be treated properly to reproduce the distributions The butterfly distributions may be enhanced by magnetosonic waves Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. pitch angle distributions Starks, Michael J oth Horne, Richard B oth Meredith, Nigel P oth Glauert, Sarah A oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 6, Seite 2381-2388 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:6 pages:2381-2388 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067938 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL067938/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1782348387 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 6 2381-2388
allfieldsGer	10.1002/2016GL067938 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1972637983 (DE-599)GBVOLC1972637983 (PRQ)p950-c2e8cac9d0bf55482167c16969a7c6897db326098f11ba6c507e276e5e4101e90 (KEY)0026932820160000043000602381quasilinearsimulationsofinnerradiationbeltelectron DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Albert, Jay M verfasserin aut Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. Hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitters can cause butterfly distributions at L = 2 Cross diffusion and boundary conditions must be treated properly to reproduce the distributions The butterfly distributions may be enhanced by magnetosonic waves Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. pitch angle distributions Starks, Michael J oth Horne, Richard B oth Meredith, Nigel P oth Glauert, Sarah A oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 6, Seite 2381-2388 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:6 pages:2381-2388 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067938 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL067938/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1782348387 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 6 2381-2388
allfieldsSound	10.1002/2016GL067938 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1972637983 (DE-599)GBVOLC1972637983 (PRQ)p950-c2e8cac9d0bf55482167c16969a7c6897db326098f11ba6c507e276e5e4101e90 (KEY)0026932820160000043000602381quasilinearsimulationsofinnerradiationbeltelectron DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Albert, Jay M verfasserin aut Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. Hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitters can cause butterfly distributions at L = 2 Cross diffusion and boundary conditions must be treated properly to reproduce the distributions The butterfly distributions may be enhanced by magnetosonic waves Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. pitch angle distributions Starks, Michael J oth Horne, Richard B oth Meredith, Nigel P oth Glauert, Sarah A oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 6, Seite 2381-2388 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:6 pages:2381-2388 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067938 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL067938/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1782348387 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 6 2381-2388
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title	Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions
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title_full	Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions
author_sort	Albert, Jay M
journal	Geophysical research letters
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author_browse	Albert, Jay M
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author-letter	Albert, Jay M
doi_str_mv	10.1002/2016GL067938
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title_sort	quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions
title_auth	Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions
abstract	Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. Hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitters can cause butterfly distributions at L = 2 Cross diffusion and boundary conditions must be treated properly to reproduce the distributions The butterfly distributions may be enhanced by magnetosonic waves
abstractGer	Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. Hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitters can cause butterfly distributions at L = 2 Cross diffusion and boundary conditions must be treated properly to reproduce the distributions The butterfly distributions may be enhanced by magnetosonic waves
abstract_unstemmed	Peculiar” or “butterfly” electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90°, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two‐dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200 keV and 1 MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. Hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitters can cause butterfly distributions at L = 2 Cross diffusion and boundary conditions must be treated properly to reproduce the distributions The butterfly distributions may be enhanced by magnetosonic waves
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container_issue	6
title_short	Quasi‐linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067938 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL067938/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1782348387
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author2	Starks, Michael J Horne, Richard B Meredith, Nigel P Glauert, Sarah A
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doi_str	10.1002/2016GL067938
up_date	2024-07-03T23:56:21.511Z
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