Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests

Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inli...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Madsen, Nathan M [verfasserIn] Long, David G

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2016

Schlagwörter:	Radar measurements RapidScat scatterometer Extraterrestrial measurements QuikSCAT Azimuth Calibration Spaceborne radar Sea measurements

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing - New York, NY : IEEE, 1964, 54(2016), 5, Seite 2846-2854
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:54 ; year:2016 ; number:5 ; pages:2846-2854

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463

Katalog-ID:	OLC1973720817

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520			\|a Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inline-formula> of the ocean's surface. Measurements are also collected over land. The ISS orbit permits, for the first time, the observation of the diurnal variation in Ku-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> at mid- to high-incidence angles. To complement calibration efforts over the ocean, in this paper the calibration and validation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are performed using natural land targets, namely the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The diurnal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> cycle of the targets is estimated with respect to incidence angle, azimuth angle, and season using measurements from previous sensors. Understanding this diurnal backscatter response enables the comparison of RapidScat measurements with measurements from the QuikSCAT, NASA Scatterometer, SeaWinds, and Oceansat-II scatterometers. RapidScat <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are found to be consistent but biased low compared to those of QuikSCAT by up to 0.3 dB. The effectiveness of slice balancing is evaluated and found to be dependent on the pitch of the ISS. Extreme pitches of the ISS are also found to introduce azimuth dependencies in egg measurements. By accounting for seasonal and diurnal cycles, we find that the rainforests are well suited for scatterometer sensor cross-calibration, even for disjoint years.
650		4	\|a Radar measurements
650		4	\|a RapidScat
650		4	\|a scatterometer
650		4	\|a Extraterrestrial measurements
650		4	\|a QuikSCAT
650		4	\|a Azimuth
650		4	\|a Calibration
650		4	\|a Spaceborne radar
650		4	\|a Sea measurements
700	1		\|a Long, David G \|4 oth
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing \|d New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 \|g 54(2016), 5, Seite 2846-2854 \|w (DE-627)129601667 \|w (DE-600)241439-9 \|w (DE-576)015095282 \|x 0196-2892 \|7 nnns
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allfields	10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1973720817 (DE-599)GBVOLC1973720817 (PRQ)c955-3aa94689f1d45300974502084dc7b45a642f78ebb1d25da7301b19b5e0d3099a0 (KEY)0048677920160000054000502846calibrationandvalidationoftherapidscatscatteromete DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Madsen, Nathan M verfasserin aut Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inline-formula> of the ocean's surface. Measurements are also collected over land. The ISS orbit permits, for the first time, the observation of the diurnal variation in Ku-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> at mid- to high-incidence angles. To complement calibration efforts over the ocean, in this paper the calibration and validation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are performed using natural land targets, namely the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The diurnal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> cycle of the targets is estimated with respect to incidence angle, azimuth angle, and season using measurements from previous sensors. Understanding this diurnal backscatter response enables the comparison of RapidScat measurements with measurements from the QuikSCAT, NASA Scatterometer, SeaWinds, and Oceansat-II scatterometers. RapidScat <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are found to be consistent but biased low compared to those of QuikSCAT by up to 0.3 dB. The effectiveness of slice balancing is evaluated and found to be dependent on the pitch of the ISS. Extreme pitches of the ISS are also found to introduce azimuth dependencies in egg measurements. By accounting for seasonal and diurnal cycles, we find that the rainforests are well suited for scatterometer sensor cross-calibration, even for disjoint years. Radar measurements RapidScat scatterometer Extraterrestrial measurements QuikSCAT Azimuth Calibration Spaceborne radar Sea measurements Long, David G oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 54(2016), 5, Seite 2846-2854 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:54 year:2016 number:5 pages:2846-2854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7368148 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 AR 54 2016 5 2846-2854
spelling	10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1973720817 (DE-599)GBVOLC1973720817 (PRQ)c955-3aa94689f1d45300974502084dc7b45a642f78ebb1d25da7301b19b5e0d3099a0 (KEY)0048677920160000054000502846calibrationandvalidationoftherapidscatscatteromete DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Madsen, Nathan M verfasserin aut Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inline-formula> of the ocean's surface. Measurements are also collected over land. The ISS orbit permits, for the first time, the observation of the diurnal variation in Ku-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> at mid- to high-incidence angles. To complement calibration efforts over the ocean, in this paper the calibration and validation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are performed using natural land targets, namely the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The diurnal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> cycle of the targets is estimated with respect to incidence angle, azimuth angle, and season using measurements from previous sensors. Understanding this diurnal backscatter response enables the comparison of RapidScat measurements with measurements from the QuikSCAT, NASA Scatterometer, SeaWinds, and Oceansat-II scatterometers. RapidScat <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are found to be consistent but biased low compared to those of QuikSCAT by up to 0.3 dB. The effectiveness of slice balancing is evaluated and found to be dependent on the pitch of the ISS. Extreme pitches of the ISS are also found to introduce azimuth dependencies in egg measurements. By accounting for seasonal and diurnal cycles, we find that the rainforests are well suited for scatterometer sensor cross-calibration, even for disjoint years. Radar measurements RapidScat scatterometer Extraterrestrial measurements QuikSCAT Azimuth Calibration Spaceborne radar Sea measurements Long, David G oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 54(2016), 5, Seite 2846-2854 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:54 year:2016 number:5 pages:2846-2854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7368148 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 AR 54 2016 5 2846-2854
allfields_unstemmed	10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1973720817 (DE-599)GBVOLC1973720817 (PRQ)c955-3aa94689f1d45300974502084dc7b45a642f78ebb1d25da7301b19b5e0d3099a0 (KEY)0048677920160000054000502846calibrationandvalidationoftherapidscatscatteromete DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Madsen, Nathan M verfasserin aut Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inline-formula> of the ocean's surface. Measurements are also collected over land. The ISS orbit permits, for the first time, the observation of the diurnal variation in Ku-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> at mid- to high-incidence angles. To complement calibration efforts over the ocean, in this paper the calibration and validation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are performed using natural land targets, namely the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The diurnal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> cycle of the targets is estimated with respect to incidence angle, azimuth angle, and season using measurements from previous sensors. Understanding this diurnal backscatter response enables the comparison of RapidScat measurements with measurements from the QuikSCAT, NASA Scatterometer, SeaWinds, and Oceansat-II scatterometers. RapidScat <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are found to be consistent but biased low compared to those of QuikSCAT by up to 0.3 dB. The effectiveness of slice balancing is evaluated and found to be dependent on the pitch of the ISS. Extreme pitches of the ISS are also found to introduce azimuth dependencies in egg measurements. By accounting for seasonal and diurnal cycles, we find that the rainforests are well suited for scatterometer sensor cross-calibration, even for disjoint years. Radar measurements RapidScat scatterometer Extraterrestrial measurements QuikSCAT Azimuth Calibration Spaceborne radar Sea measurements Long, David G oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 54(2016), 5, Seite 2846-2854 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:54 year:2016 number:5 pages:2846-2854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7368148 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 AR 54 2016 5 2846-2854
allfieldsGer	10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1973720817 (DE-599)GBVOLC1973720817 (PRQ)c955-3aa94689f1d45300974502084dc7b45a642f78ebb1d25da7301b19b5e0d3099a0 (KEY)0048677920160000054000502846calibrationandvalidationoftherapidscatscatteromete DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Madsen, Nathan M verfasserin aut Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inline-formula> of the ocean's surface. Measurements are also collected over land. The ISS orbit permits, for the first time, the observation of the diurnal variation in Ku-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> at mid- to high-incidence angles. To complement calibration efforts over the ocean, in this paper the calibration and validation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are performed using natural land targets, namely the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The diurnal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> cycle of the targets is estimated with respect to incidence angle, azimuth angle, and season using measurements from previous sensors. Understanding this diurnal backscatter response enables the comparison of RapidScat measurements with measurements from the QuikSCAT, NASA Scatterometer, SeaWinds, and Oceansat-II scatterometers. RapidScat <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are found to be consistent but biased low compared to those of QuikSCAT by up to 0.3 dB. The effectiveness of slice balancing is evaluated and found to be dependent on the pitch of the ISS. Extreme pitches of the ISS are also found to introduce azimuth dependencies in egg measurements. By accounting for seasonal and diurnal cycles, we find that the rainforests are well suited for scatterometer sensor cross-calibration, even for disjoint years. Radar measurements RapidScat scatterometer Extraterrestrial measurements QuikSCAT Azimuth Calibration Spaceborne radar Sea measurements Long, David G oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 54(2016), 5, Seite 2846-2854 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:54 year:2016 number:5 pages:2846-2854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7368148 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 AR 54 2016 5 2846-2854
allfieldsSound	10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC1973720817 (DE-599)GBVOLC1973720817 (PRQ)c955-3aa94689f1d45300974502084dc7b45a642f78ebb1d25da7301b19b5e0d3099a0 (KEY)0048677920160000054000502846calibrationandvalidationoftherapidscatscatteromete DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 550 DNB Madsen, Nathan M verfasserin aut Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inline-formula> of the ocean's surface. Measurements are also collected over land. The ISS orbit permits, for the first time, the observation of the diurnal variation in Ku-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> at mid- to high-incidence angles. To complement calibration efforts over the ocean, in this paper the calibration and validation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are performed using natural land targets, namely the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The diurnal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> cycle of the targets is estimated with respect to incidence angle, azimuth angle, and season using measurements from previous sensors. Understanding this diurnal backscatter response enables the comparison of RapidScat measurements with measurements from the QuikSCAT, NASA Scatterometer, SeaWinds, and Oceansat-II scatterometers. RapidScat <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are found to be consistent but biased low compared to those of QuikSCAT by up to 0.3 dB. The effectiveness of slice balancing is evaluated and found to be dependent on the pitch of the ISS. Extreme pitches of the ISS are also found to introduce azimuth dependencies in egg measurements. By accounting for seasonal and diurnal cycles, we find that the rainforests are well suited for scatterometer sensor cross-calibration, even for disjoint years. Radar measurements RapidScat scatterometer Extraterrestrial measurements QuikSCAT Azimuth Calibration Spaceborne radar Sea measurements Long, David G oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing New York, NY : IEEE, 1964 54(2016), 5, Seite 2846-2854 (DE-627)129601667 (DE-600)241439-9 (DE-576)015095282 0196-2892 nnns volume:54 year:2016 number:5 pages:2846-2854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7368148 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-ARC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_70 AR 54 2016 5 2846-2854
language	English
source	Enthalten in IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 54(2016), 5, Seite 2846-2854 volume:54 year:2016 number:5 pages:2846-2854
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topic_facet	Radar measurements RapidScat scatterometer Extraterrestrial measurements QuikSCAT Azimuth Calibration Spaceborne radar Sea measurements
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container_title	IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing
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author	Madsen, Nathan M
spellingShingle	Madsen, Nathan M ddc 620 misc Radar measurements misc RapidScat misc scatterometer misc Extraterrestrial measurements misc QuikSCAT misc Azimuth misc Calibration misc Spaceborne radar misc Sea measurements Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests
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topic_title	620 550 DNB Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests Radar measurements RapidScat scatterometer Extraterrestrial measurements QuikSCAT Azimuth Calibration Spaceborne radar Sea measurements
topic	ddc 620 misc Radar measurements misc RapidScat misc scatterometer misc Extraterrestrial measurements misc QuikSCAT misc Azimuth misc Calibration misc Spaceborne radar misc Sea measurements
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title	Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests
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title_full	Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests
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title_sort	calibration and validation of the rapidscat scatterometer using tropical rainforests
title_auth	Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests
abstract	Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inline-formula> of the ocean's surface. Measurements are also collected over land. The ISS orbit permits, for the first time, the observation of the diurnal variation in Ku-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> at mid- to high-incidence angles. To complement calibration efforts over the ocean, in this paper the calibration and validation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are performed using natural land targets, namely the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The diurnal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> cycle of the targets is estimated with respect to incidence angle, azimuth angle, and season using measurements from previous sensors. Understanding this diurnal backscatter response enables the comparison of RapidScat measurements with measurements from the QuikSCAT, NASA Scatterometer, SeaWinds, and Oceansat-II scatterometers. RapidScat <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are found to be consistent but biased low compared to those of QuikSCAT by up to 0.3 dB. The effectiveness of slice balancing is evaluated and found to be dependent on the pitch of the ISS. Extreme pitches of the ISS are also found to introduce azimuth dependencies in egg measurements. By accounting for seasonal and diurnal cycles, we find that the rainforests are well suited for scatterometer sensor cross-calibration, even for disjoint years.
abstractGer	Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inline-formula> of the ocean's surface. Measurements are also collected over land. The ISS orbit permits, for the first time, the observation of the diurnal variation in Ku-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> at mid- to high-incidence angles. To complement calibration efforts over the ocean, in this paper the calibration and validation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are performed using natural land targets, namely the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The diurnal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> cycle of the targets is estimated with respect to incidence angle, azimuth angle, and season using measurements from previous sensors. Understanding this diurnal backscatter response enables the comparison of RapidScat measurements with measurements from the QuikSCAT, NASA Scatterometer, SeaWinds, and Oceansat-II scatterometers. RapidScat <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are found to be consistent but biased low compared to those of QuikSCAT by up to 0.3 dB. The effectiveness of slice balancing is evaluated and found to be dependent on the pitch of the ISS. Extreme pitches of the ISS are also found to introduce azimuth dependencies in egg measurements. By accounting for seasonal and diurnal cycles, we find that the rainforests are well suited for scatterometer sensor cross-calibration, even for disjoint years.
abstract_unstemmed	Launched in September 2014, RapidScat is currently operating on the International Space Station (ISS). RapidScat estimates ocean vector winds via the measurement of the normalized radar coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\sigma^0)</tex-math></inline-formula> of the ocean's surface. Measurements are also collected over land. The ISS orbit permits, for the first time, the observation of the diurnal variation in Ku-band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> at mid- to high-incidence angles. To complement calibration efforts over the ocean, in this paper the calibration and validation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are performed using natural land targets, namely the Amazon and Congo rainforests. The diurnal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> cycle of the targets is estimated with respect to incidence angle, azimuth angle, and season using measurements from previous sensors. Understanding this diurnal backscatter response enables the comparison of RapidScat measurements with measurements from the QuikSCAT, NASA Scatterometer, SeaWinds, and Oceansat-II scatterometers. RapidScat <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sigma^0</tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are found to be consistent but biased low compared to those of QuikSCAT by up to 0.3 dB. The effectiveness of slice balancing is evaluated and found to be dependent on the pitch of the ISS. Extreme pitches of the ISS are also found to introduce azimuth dependencies in egg measurements. By accounting for seasonal and diurnal cycles, we find that the rainforests are well suited for scatterometer sensor cross-calibration, even for disjoint years.
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container_issue	5
title_short	Calibration and Validation of the RapidScat Scatterometer Using Tropical Rainforests
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2506463 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7368148
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up_date	2024-07-04T03:00:42.168Z
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