Depth of Interaction Calibration and Capabilities in 2 \times 2 Discrete Crystal Arrays and Digital Silicon Photomultipliers
Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution a...
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| Autor*in: |
Lehnert, Adrienne L [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2016 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: IEEE transactions on nuclear science - New York, NY : IEEE, 1963, 63(2016), 1, Seite 4-7 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:63 ; year:2016 ; number:1 ; pages:4-7 |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 |
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| 520 | |a Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution are possible when photon depth of interaction (DOI) is available, as this reduces parallax error caused by mispositioning events at the peripheral field of view. These improvements are desirable in smaller ring diameter PET systems, such as whole body PET/MRI. In this study we quantify the DOI capabilities of a unique crystal array design (termed dual light sharing arrays or DLSA) that takes advantage of the 2-by-2-pixel die readout logic of a PDPC dSiPM (Philips Digital Photon Counting 3200) device by Philips Medical Systems. The DLSA is comprised of a 2 \times 2 array of 4 \times 4 \times 22~\hbox{mm}^3 LYSO crystals; inter-crystal surfaces were optically coupled in part with high-index optical adhesive and optically isolated in complimentary parts with mirror-film reflector such that light sharing was depth-dependent and different along two axes. The DLSA was mounted to one die of a PDPC and its depth-dependent response to 511-keV gamma rays was calibrated using a coincidence-collimated beam from both side and entrance surfaces. Entrance surface DOI calibration was performed through an iterative application of maximum likelihood calculations based on the signal ratio in crystals adjacent to the crystal of interaction. Results showed timing resolutions of 350-370 ps and energy resolutions of 10-12% while achieving a DOI position estimation of 6-7 mm FWHM. Significant improvements in depth estimation error were found when using maximum likelihood estimation and 3-4 depth bins. Furthermore, similar calibration results were obtained for both side-surface and entrance-surface illumination methods, which suggest that PET system calibrations may be easily performed using a monoenergetic flood source with entrance surface illumination. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Timing | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Photonics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Energy resolution | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Positron emission tomography | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Calibration | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Depth of interaction | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Crystals | |
| 650 | 4 | |a PET | |
| 650 | 4 | |a PET instrumentation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a digital photon counter | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Microcell networks | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hunter, William C. J |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lewellen, Tom K |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Miyaoka, Robert S |4 oth | |
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10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC197374905X (DE-599)GBVOLC197374905X (PRQ)ieee_primary_0b00006484f91b290 (KEY)0054996720160000063000100004depthofinteractioncalibrationandcapabilitiesin2tim DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Lehnert, Adrienne L verfasserin aut Depth of Interaction Calibration and Capabilities in 2 \times 2 Discrete Crystal Arrays and Digital Silicon Photomultipliers 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution are possible when photon depth of interaction (DOI) is available, as this reduces parallax error caused by mispositioning events at the peripheral field of view. These improvements are desirable in smaller ring diameter PET systems, such as whole body PET/MRI. In this study we quantify the DOI capabilities of a unique crystal array design (termed dual light sharing arrays or DLSA) that takes advantage of the 2-by-2-pixel die readout logic of a PDPC dSiPM (Philips Digital Photon Counting 3200) device by Philips Medical Systems. The DLSA is comprised of a 2 \times 2 array of 4 \times 4 \times 22~\hbox{mm}^3 LYSO crystals; inter-crystal surfaces were optically coupled in part with high-index optical adhesive and optically isolated in complimentary parts with mirror-film reflector such that light sharing was depth-dependent and different along two axes. The DLSA was mounted to one die of a PDPC and its depth-dependent response to 511-keV gamma rays was calibrated using a coincidence-collimated beam from both side and entrance surfaces. Entrance surface DOI calibration was performed through an iterative application of maximum likelihood calculations based on the signal ratio in crystals adjacent to the crystal of interaction. Results showed timing resolutions of 350-370 ps and energy resolutions of 10-12% while achieving a DOI position estimation of 6-7 mm FWHM. Significant improvements in depth estimation error were found when using maximum likelihood estimation and 3-4 depth bins. Furthermore, similar calibration results were obtained for both side-surface and entrance-surface illumination methods, which suggest that PET system calibrations may be easily performed using a monoenergetic flood source with entrance surface illumination. Timing Photonics Energy resolution Positron emission tomography Calibration Depth of interaction Crystals PET PET instrumentation digital photon counter Microcell networks Hunter, William C. J oth Lewellen, Tom K oth Miyaoka, Robert S oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on nuclear science New York, NY : IEEE, 1963 63(2016), 1, Seite 4-7 (DE-627)129547352 (DE-600)218510-6 (DE-576)014998238 0018-9499 nnns volume:63 year:2016 number:1 pages:4-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7407500 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_70 AR 63 2016 1 4-7 |
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10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC197374905X (DE-599)GBVOLC197374905X (PRQ)ieee_primary_0b00006484f91b290 (KEY)0054996720160000063000100004depthofinteractioncalibrationandcapabilitiesin2tim DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Lehnert, Adrienne L verfasserin aut Depth of Interaction Calibration and Capabilities in 2 \times 2 Discrete Crystal Arrays and Digital Silicon Photomultipliers 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution are possible when photon depth of interaction (DOI) is available, as this reduces parallax error caused by mispositioning events at the peripheral field of view. These improvements are desirable in smaller ring diameter PET systems, such as whole body PET/MRI. In this study we quantify the DOI capabilities of a unique crystal array design (termed dual light sharing arrays or DLSA) that takes advantage of the 2-by-2-pixel die readout logic of a PDPC dSiPM (Philips Digital Photon Counting 3200) device by Philips Medical Systems. The DLSA is comprised of a 2 \times 2 array of 4 \times 4 \times 22~\hbox{mm}^3 LYSO crystals; inter-crystal surfaces were optically coupled in part with high-index optical adhesive and optically isolated in complimentary parts with mirror-film reflector such that light sharing was depth-dependent and different along two axes. The DLSA was mounted to one die of a PDPC and its depth-dependent response to 511-keV gamma rays was calibrated using a coincidence-collimated beam from both side and entrance surfaces. Entrance surface DOI calibration was performed through an iterative application of maximum likelihood calculations based on the signal ratio in crystals adjacent to the crystal of interaction. Results showed timing resolutions of 350-370 ps and energy resolutions of 10-12% while achieving a DOI position estimation of 6-7 mm FWHM. Significant improvements in depth estimation error were found when using maximum likelihood estimation and 3-4 depth bins. Furthermore, similar calibration results were obtained for both side-surface and entrance-surface illumination methods, which suggest that PET system calibrations may be easily performed using a monoenergetic flood source with entrance surface illumination. Timing Photonics Energy resolution Positron emission tomography Calibration Depth of interaction Crystals PET PET instrumentation digital photon counter Microcell networks Hunter, William C. J oth Lewellen, Tom K oth Miyaoka, Robert S oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on nuclear science New York, NY : IEEE, 1963 63(2016), 1, Seite 4-7 (DE-627)129547352 (DE-600)218510-6 (DE-576)014998238 0018-9499 nnns volume:63 year:2016 number:1 pages:4-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7407500 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_70 AR 63 2016 1 4-7 |
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10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC197374905X (DE-599)GBVOLC197374905X (PRQ)ieee_primary_0b00006484f91b290 (KEY)0054996720160000063000100004depthofinteractioncalibrationandcapabilitiesin2tim DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Lehnert, Adrienne L verfasserin aut Depth of Interaction Calibration and Capabilities in 2 \times 2 Discrete Crystal Arrays and Digital Silicon Photomultipliers 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution are possible when photon depth of interaction (DOI) is available, as this reduces parallax error caused by mispositioning events at the peripheral field of view. These improvements are desirable in smaller ring diameter PET systems, such as whole body PET/MRI. In this study we quantify the DOI capabilities of a unique crystal array design (termed dual light sharing arrays or DLSA) that takes advantage of the 2-by-2-pixel die readout logic of a PDPC dSiPM (Philips Digital Photon Counting 3200) device by Philips Medical Systems. The DLSA is comprised of a 2 \times 2 array of 4 \times 4 \times 22~\hbox{mm}^3 LYSO crystals; inter-crystal surfaces were optically coupled in part with high-index optical adhesive and optically isolated in complimentary parts with mirror-film reflector such that light sharing was depth-dependent and different along two axes. The DLSA was mounted to one die of a PDPC and its depth-dependent response to 511-keV gamma rays was calibrated using a coincidence-collimated beam from both side and entrance surfaces. Entrance surface DOI calibration was performed through an iterative application of maximum likelihood calculations based on the signal ratio in crystals adjacent to the crystal of interaction. Results showed timing resolutions of 350-370 ps and energy resolutions of 10-12% while achieving a DOI position estimation of 6-7 mm FWHM. Significant improvements in depth estimation error were found when using maximum likelihood estimation and 3-4 depth bins. Furthermore, similar calibration results were obtained for both side-surface and entrance-surface illumination methods, which suggest that PET system calibrations may be easily performed using a monoenergetic flood source with entrance surface illumination. Timing Photonics Energy resolution Positron emission tomography Calibration Depth of interaction Crystals PET PET instrumentation digital photon counter Microcell networks Hunter, William C. J oth Lewellen, Tom K oth Miyaoka, Robert S oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on nuclear science New York, NY : IEEE, 1963 63(2016), 1, Seite 4-7 (DE-627)129547352 (DE-600)218510-6 (DE-576)014998238 0018-9499 nnns volume:63 year:2016 number:1 pages:4-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7407500 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_70 AR 63 2016 1 4-7 |
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10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC197374905X (DE-599)GBVOLC197374905X (PRQ)ieee_primary_0b00006484f91b290 (KEY)0054996720160000063000100004depthofinteractioncalibrationandcapabilitiesin2tim DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Lehnert, Adrienne L verfasserin aut Depth of Interaction Calibration and Capabilities in 2 \times 2 Discrete Crystal Arrays and Digital Silicon Photomultipliers 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution are possible when photon depth of interaction (DOI) is available, as this reduces parallax error caused by mispositioning events at the peripheral field of view. These improvements are desirable in smaller ring diameter PET systems, such as whole body PET/MRI. In this study we quantify the DOI capabilities of a unique crystal array design (termed dual light sharing arrays or DLSA) that takes advantage of the 2-by-2-pixel die readout logic of a PDPC dSiPM (Philips Digital Photon Counting 3200) device by Philips Medical Systems. The DLSA is comprised of a 2 \times 2 array of 4 \times 4 \times 22~\hbox{mm}^3 LYSO crystals; inter-crystal surfaces were optically coupled in part with high-index optical adhesive and optically isolated in complimentary parts with mirror-film reflector such that light sharing was depth-dependent and different along two axes. The DLSA was mounted to one die of a PDPC and its depth-dependent response to 511-keV gamma rays was calibrated using a coincidence-collimated beam from both side and entrance surfaces. Entrance surface DOI calibration was performed through an iterative application of maximum likelihood calculations based on the signal ratio in crystals adjacent to the crystal of interaction. Results showed timing resolutions of 350-370 ps and energy resolutions of 10-12% while achieving a DOI position estimation of 6-7 mm FWHM. Significant improvements in depth estimation error were found when using maximum likelihood estimation and 3-4 depth bins. Furthermore, similar calibration results were obtained for both side-surface and entrance-surface illumination methods, which suggest that PET system calibrations may be easily performed using a monoenergetic flood source with entrance surface illumination. Timing Photonics Energy resolution Positron emission tomography Calibration Depth of interaction Crystals PET PET instrumentation digital photon counter Microcell networks Hunter, William C. J oth Lewellen, Tom K oth Miyaoka, Robert S oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on nuclear science New York, NY : IEEE, 1963 63(2016), 1, Seite 4-7 (DE-627)129547352 (DE-600)218510-6 (DE-576)014998238 0018-9499 nnns volume:63 year:2016 number:1 pages:4-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7407500 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_70 AR 63 2016 1 4-7 |
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10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 doi PQ20160430 (DE-627)OLC197374905X (DE-599)GBVOLC197374905X (PRQ)ieee_primary_0b00006484f91b290 (KEY)0054996720160000063000100004depthofinteractioncalibrationandcapabilitiesin2tim DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 620 DNB Lehnert, Adrienne L verfasserin aut Depth of Interaction Calibration and Capabilities in 2 \times 2 Discrete Crystal Arrays and Digital Silicon Photomultipliers 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution are possible when photon depth of interaction (DOI) is available, as this reduces parallax error caused by mispositioning events at the peripheral field of view. These improvements are desirable in smaller ring diameter PET systems, such as whole body PET/MRI. In this study we quantify the DOI capabilities of a unique crystal array design (termed dual light sharing arrays or DLSA) that takes advantage of the 2-by-2-pixel die readout logic of a PDPC dSiPM (Philips Digital Photon Counting 3200) device by Philips Medical Systems. The DLSA is comprised of a 2 \times 2 array of 4 \times 4 \times 22~\hbox{mm}^3 LYSO crystals; inter-crystal surfaces were optically coupled in part with high-index optical adhesive and optically isolated in complimentary parts with mirror-film reflector such that light sharing was depth-dependent and different along two axes. The DLSA was mounted to one die of a PDPC and its depth-dependent response to 511-keV gamma rays was calibrated using a coincidence-collimated beam from both side and entrance surfaces. Entrance surface DOI calibration was performed through an iterative application of maximum likelihood calculations based on the signal ratio in crystals adjacent to the crystal of interaction. Results showed timing resolutions of 350-370 ps and energy resolutions of 10-12% while achieving a DOI position estimation of 6-7 mm FWHM. Significant improvements in depth estimation error were found when using maximum likelihood estimation and 3-4 depth bins. Furthermore, similar calibration results were obtained for both side-surface and entrance-surface illumination methods, which suggest that PET system calibrations may be easily performed using a monoenergetic flood source with entrance surface illumination. Timing Photonics Energy resolution Positron emission tomography Calibration Depth of interaction Crystals PET PET instrumentation digital photon counter Microcell networks Hunter, William C. J oth Lewellen, Tom K oth Miyaoka, Robert S oth Enthalten in IEEE transactions on nuclear science New York, NY : IEEE, 1963 63(2016), 1, Seite 4-7 (DE-627)129547352 (DE-600)218510-6 (DE-576)014998238 0018-9499 nnns volume:63 year:2016 number:1 pages:4-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2015.2498524 Volltext http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=7407500 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-TEC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_70 AR 63 2016 1 4-7 |
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Depth of Interaction Calibration and Capabilities in 2 \times 2 Discrete Crystal Arrays and Digital Silicon Photomultipliers |
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Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution are possible when photon depth of interaction (DOI) is available, as this reduces parallax error caused by mispositioning events at the peripheral field of view. These improvements are desirable in smaller ring diameter PET systems, such as whole body PET/MRI. In this study we quantify the DOI capabilities of a unique crystal array design (termed dual light sharing arrays or DLSA) that takes advantage of the 2-by-2-pixel die readout logic of a PDPC dSiPM (Philips Digital Photon Counting 3200) device by Philips Medical Systems. The DLSA is comprised of a 2 \times 2 array of 4 \times 4 \times 22~\hbox{mm}^3 LYSO crystals; inter-crystal surfaces were optically coupled in part with high-index optical adhesive and optically isolated in complimentary parts with mirror-film reflector such that light sharing was depth-dependent and different along two axes. The DLSA was mounted to one die of a PDPC and its depth-dependent response to 511-keV gamma rays was calibrated using a coincidence-collimated beam from both side and entrance surfaces. Entrance surface DOI calibration was performed through an iterative application of maximum likelihood calculations based on the signal ratio in crystals adjacent to the crystal of interaction. Results showed timing resolutions of 350-370 ps and energy resolutions of 10-12% while achieving a DOI position estimation of 6-7 mm FWHM. Significant improvements in depth estimation error were found when using maximum likelihood estimation and 3-4 depth bins. Furthermore, similar calibration results were obtained for both side-surface and entrance-surface illumination methods, which suggest that PET system calibrations may be easily performed using a monoenergetic flood source with entrance surface illumination. |
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Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution are possible when photon depth of interaction (DOI) is available, as this reduces parallax error caused by mispositioning events at the peripheral field of view. These improvements are desirable in smaller ring diameter PET systems, such as whole body PET/MRI. In this study we quantify the DOI capabilities of a unique crystal array design (termed dual light sharing arrays or DLSA) that takes advantage of the 2-by-2-pixel die readout logic of a PDPC dSiPM (Philips Digital Photon Counting 3200) device by Philips Medical Systems. The DLSA is comprised of a 2 \times 2 array of 4 \times 4 \times 22~\hbox{mm}^3 LYSO crystals; inter-crystal surfaces were optically coupled in part with high-index optical adhesive and optically isolated in complimentary parts with mirror-film reflector such that light sharing was depth-dependent and different along two axes. The DLSA was mounted to one die of a PDPC and its depth-dependent response to 511-keV gamma rays was calibrated using a coincidence-collimated beam from both side and entrance surfaces. Entrance surface DOI calibration was performed through an iterative application of maximum likelihood calculations based on the signal ratio in crystals adjacent to the crystal of interaction. Results showed timing resolutions of 350-370 ps and energy resolutions of 10-12% while achieving a DOI position estimation of 6-7 mm FWHM. Significant improvements in depth estimation error were found when using maximum likelihood estimation and 3-4 depth bins. Furthermore, similar calibration results were obtained for both side-surface and entrance-surface illumination methods, which suggest that PET system calibrations may be easily performed using a monoenergetic flood source with entrance surface illumination. |
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Digital silicon photomultiplers (dSiPMs) have potential in the advancement of PET detectors. Their advantages include decreased dark counts through selective microcell activation, fast timing, and flexibility configuring event triggering and collection. Further improvements in PET image resolution are possible when photon depth of interaction (DOI) is available, as this reduces parallax error caused by mispositioning events at the peripheral field of view. These improvements are desirable in smaller ring diameter PET systems, such as whole body PET/MRI. In this study we quantify the DOI capabilities of a unique crystal array design (termed dual light sharing arrays or DLSA) that takes advantage of the 2-by-2-pixel die readout logic of a PDPC dSiPM (Philips Digital Photon Counting 3200) device by Philips Medical Systems. The DLSA is comprised of a 2 \times 2 array of 4 \times 4 \times 22~\hbox{mm}^3 LYSO crystals; inter-crystal surfaces were optically coupled in part with high-index optical adhesive and optically isolated in complimentary parts with mirror-film reflector such that light sharing was depth-dependent and different along two axes. The DLSA was mounted to one die of a PDPC and its depth-dependent response to 511-keV gamma rays was calibrated using a coincidence-collimated beam from both side and entrance surfaces. Entrance surface DOI calibration was performed through an iterative application of maximum likelihood calculations based on the signal ratio in crystals adjacent to the crystal of interaction. Results showed timing resolutions of 350-370 ps and energy resolutions of 10-12% while achieving a DOI position estimation of 6-7 mm FWHM. Significant improvements in depth estimation error were found when using maximum likelihood estimation and 3-4 depth bins. Furthermore, similar calibration results were obtained for both side-surface and entrance-surface illumination methods, which suggest that PET system calibrations may be easily performed using a monoenergetic flood source with entrance surface illumination. |
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