ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions

A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Ni...
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Autor*in:	Pausata, Francesco S. R [verfasserIn] Karamperidou, Christina Caballero, Rodrigo Battisti, David S

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2016

Rechteinformationen:	Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Schlagwörter:	extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions initial conditions tropical Pacific ENSO predictability Volcanoes Meteorology Ocean temperature

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Geophysical research letters - Washington, DC : Union, 1974, 43(2016), 16, Seite 8694-8702
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:43 ; year:2016 ; number:16 ; pages:8694-8702

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1002/2016GL069575

Katalog-ID:	OLC1981422641

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245	1	0	\|a ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions
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520			\|a A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Niño‐like anomalies are almost three times larger when the eruption occurs during an incipient La Niña or during a neutral state compared to an incipient El Niño. The differential response results from stronger atmosphere‐ocean coupling and extra‐tropical feedbacks during an incipient La Niña compared to El Niño. Differences in the response continue through the second and third years following the eruption. When the eruption happens in a year of an incipient El Niño, a large cold (La Niña‐like) anomaly develops in year 2; if the eruption occurs in a year of an incipient La Niña, no anomalies are simulated in year 2 and a La Niña‐like response appears in year 3. After the El Niño‐like anomaly in the first winter, the overall tendency of ENSO in the following 2 years is toward a La Niña state. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of tropical Pacific dynamics under volcanic forcing to the ENSO initial state and lay the groundwork for improved predictions of the global climatic response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. HL eruptions alter the mean state of ENSO, and detectable anomalies are seen up to 3 years after the eruption Stronger El Niño‐like anomalies on year 1 when eruptions occurs under developing La Niñas La Niña‐like anomalies on year 2 and year 3 when eruptions occurs under developing El Niños and La Niñas, respectively
540			\|a Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
650		4	\|a extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions
650		4	\|a initial conditions
650		4	\|a tropical Pacific
650		4	\|a ENSO predictability
650		4	\|a Volcanoes
650		4	\|a Meteorology
650		4	\|a Ocean temperature
700	1		\|a Karamperidou, Christina \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Caballero, Rodrigo \|4 oth
700	1		\|a Battisti, David S \|4 oth
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Geophysical research letters \|d Washington, DC : Union, 1974 \|g 43(2016), 16, Seite 8694-8702 \|w (DE-627)129095109 \|w (DE-600)7403-2 \|w (DE-576)01443122X \|x 0094-8276 \|7 nnns
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856	4	1	\|u http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069575 \|3 Volltext
856	4	2	\|u http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069575/abstract
856	4	2	\|u http://search.proquest.com/docview/1818734821
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matchkey_str	article:00948276:2016----::noepneoihaiueocncrpiniteoteneipeeh
hierarchy_sort_str	2016
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allfields	10.1002/2016GL069575 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1981422641 (DE-599)GBVOLC1981422641 (PRQ)p956-1bcdde95799818fb93ac0db799b033d297e754f8df02d6fdafc5290ac636a0450 (KEY)0026932820160000043001608694ensoresponsetohighlatitudevolcaniceruptionsintheno DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Pausata, Francesco S. R verfasserin aut ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Niño‐like anomalies are almost three times larger when the eruption occurs during an incipient La Niña or during a neutral state compared to an incipient El Niño. The differential response results from stronger atmosphere‐ocean coupling and extra‐tropical feedbacks during an incipient La Niña compared to El Niño. Differences in the response continue through the second and third years following the eruption. When the eruption happens in a year of an incipient El Niño, a large cold (La Niña‐like) anomaly develops in year 2; if the eruption occurs in a year of an incipient La Niña, no anomalies are simulated in year 2 and a La Niña‐like response appears in year 3. After the El Niño‐like anomaly in the first winter, the overall tendency of ENSO in the following 2 years is toward a La Niña state. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of tropical Pacific dynamics under volcanic forcing to the ENSO initial state and lay the groundwork for improved predictions of the global climatic response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. HL eruptions alter the mean state of ENSO, and detectable anomalies are seen up to 3 years after the eruption Stronger El Niño‐like anomalies on year 1 when eruptions occurs under developing La Niñas La Niña‐like anomalies on year 2 and year 3 when eruptions occurs under developing El Niños and La Niñas, respectively Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions initial conditions tropical Pacific ENSO predictability Volcanoes Meteorology Ocean temperature Karamperidou, Christina oth Caballero, Rodrigo oth Battisti, David S oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 16, Seite 8694-8702 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:16 pages:8694-8702 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069575 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069575/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1818734821 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 16 8694-8702
spelling	10.1002/2016GL069575 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1981422641 (DE-599)GBVOLC1981422641 (PRQ)p956-1bcdde95799818fb93ac0db799b033d297e754f8df02d6fdafc5290ac636a0450 (KEY)0026932820160000043001608694ensoresponsetohighlatitudevolcaniceruptionsintheno DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Pausata, Francesco S. R verfasserin aut ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Niño‐like anomalies are almost three times larger when the eruption occurs during an incipient La Niña or during a neutral state compared to an incipient El Niño. The differential response results from stronger atmosphere‐ocean coupling and extra‐tropical feedbacks during an incipient La Niña compared to El Niño. Differences in the response continue through the second and third years following the eruption. When the eruption happens in a year of an incipient El Niño, a large cold (La Niña‐like) anomaly develops in year 2; if the eruption occurs in a year of an incipient La Niña, no anomalies are simulated in year 2 and a La Niña‐like response appears in year 3. After the El Niño‐like anomaly in the first winter, the overall tendency of ENSO in the following 2 years is toward a La Niña state. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of tropical Pacific dynamics under volcanic forcing to the ENSO initial state and lay the groundwork for improved predictions of the global climatic response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. HL eruptions alter the mean state of ENSO, and detectable anomalies are seen up to 3 years after the eruption Stronger El Niño‐like anomalies on year 1 when eruptions occurs under developing La Niñas La Niña‐like anomalies on year 2 and year 3 when eruptions occurs under developing El Niños and La Niñas, respectively Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions initial conditions tropical Pacific ENSO predictability Volcanoes Meteorology Ocean temperature Karamperidou, Christina oth Caballero, Rodrigo oth Battisti, David S oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 16, Seite 8694-8702 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:16 pages:8694-8702 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069575 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069575/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1818734821 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 16 8694-8702
allfields_unstemmed	10.1002/2016GL069575 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1981422641 (DE-599)GBVOLC1981422641 (PRQ)p956-1bcdde95799818fb93ac0db799b033d297e754f8df02d6fdafc5290ac636a0450 (KEY)0026932820160000043001608694ensoresponsetohighlatitudevolcaniceruptionsintheno DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Pausata, Francesco S. R verfasserin aut ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Niño‐like anomalies are almost three times larger when the eruption occurs during an incipient La Niña or during a neutral state compared to an incipient El Niño. The differential response results from stronger atmosphere‐ocean coupling and extra‐tropical feedbacks during an incipient La Niña compared to El Niño. Differences in the response continue through the second and third years following the eruption. When the eruption happens in a year of an incipient El Niño, a large cold (La Niña‐like) anomaly develops in year 2; if the eruption occurs in a year of an incipient La Niña, no anomalies are simulated in year 2 and a La Niña‐like response appears in year 3. After the El Niño‐like anomaly in the first winter, the overall tendency of ENSO in the following 2 years is toward a La Niña state. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of tropical Pacific dynamics under volcanic forcing to the ENSO initial state and lay the groundwork for improved predictions of the global climatic response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. HL eruptions alter the mean state of ENSO, and detectable anomalies are seen up to 3 years after the eruption Stronger El Niño‐like anomalies on year 1 when eruptions occurs under developing La Niñas La Niña‐like anomalies on year 2 and year 3 when eruptions occurs under developing El Niños and La Niñas, respectively Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions initial conditions tropical Pacific ENSO predictability Volcanoes Meteorology Ocean temperature Karamperidou, Christina oth Caballero, Rodrigo oth Battisti, David S oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 16, Seite 8694-8702 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:16 pages:8694-8702 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069575 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069575/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1818734821 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 16 8694-8702
allfieldsGer	10.1002/2016GL069575 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1981422641 (DE-599)GBVOLC1981422641 (PRQ)p956-1bcdde95799818fb93ac0db799b033d297e754f8df02d6fdafc5290ac636a0450 (KEY)0026932820160000043001608694ensoresponsetohighlatitudevolcaniceruptionsintheno DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Pausata, Francesco S. R verfasserin aut ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Niño‐like anomalies are almost three times larger when the eruption occurs during an incipient La Niña or during a neutral state compared to an incipient El Niño. The differential response results from stronger atmosphere‐ocean coupling and extra‐tropical feedbacks during an incipient La Niña compared to El Niño. Differences in the response continue through the second and third years following the eruption. When the eruption happens in a year of an incipient El Niño, a large cold (La Niña‐like) anomaly develops in year 2; if the eruption occurs in a year of an incipient La Niña, no anomalies are simulated in year 2 and a La Niña‐like response appears in year 3. After the El Niño‐like anomaly in the first winter, the overall tendency of ENSO in the following 2 years is toward a La Niña state. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of tropical Pacific dynamics under volcanic forcing to the ENSO initial state and lay the groundwork for improved predictions of the global climatic response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. HL eruptions alter the mean state of ENSO, and detectable anomalies are seen up to 3 years after the eruption Stronger El Niño‐like anomalies on year 1 when eruptions occurs under developing La Niñas La Niña‐like anomalies on year 2 and year 3 when eruptions occurs under developing El Niños and La Niñas, respectively Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions initial conditions tropical Pacific ENSO predictability Volcanoes Meteorology Ocean temperature Karamperidou, Christina oth Caballero, Rodrigo oth Battisti, David S oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 16, Seite 8694-8702 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:16 pages:8694-8702 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069575 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069575/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1818734821 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 16 8694-8702
allfieldsSound	10.1002/2016GL069575 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1981422641 (DE-599)GBVOLC1981422641 (PRQ)p956-1bcdde95799818fb93ac0db799b033d297e754f8df02d6fdafc5290ac636a0450 (KEY)0026932820160000043001608694ensoresponsetohighlatitudevolcaniceruptionsintheno DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 550 DNB 38.70 bkl Pausata, Francesco S. R verfasserin aut ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Niño‐like anomalies are almost three times larger when the eruption occurs during an incipient La Niña or during a neutral state compared to an incipient El Niño. The differential response results from stronger atmosphere‐ocean coupling and extra‐tropical feedbacks during an incipient La Niña compared to El Niño. Differences in the response continue through the second and third years following the eruption. When the eruption happens in a year of an incipient El Niño, a large cold (La Niña‐like) anomaly develops in year 2; if the eruption occurs in a year of an incipient La Niña, no anomalies are simulated in year 2 and a La Niña‐like response appears in year 3. After the El Niño‐like anomaly in the first winter, the overall tendency of ENSO in the following 2 years is toward a La Niña state. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of tropical Pacific dynamics under volcanic forcing to the ENSO initial state and lay the groundwork for improved predictions of the global climatic response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. HL eruptions alter the mean state of ENSO, and detectable anomalies are seen up to 3 years after the eruption Stronger El Niño‐like anomalies on year 1 when eruptions occurs under developing La Niñas La Niña‐like anomalies on year 2 and year 3 when eruptions occurs under developing El Niños and La Niñas, respectively Nutzungsrecht: © 2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions initial conditions tropical Pacific ENSO predictability Volcanoes Meteorology Ocean temperature Karamperidou, Christina oth Caballero, Rodrigo oth Battisti, David S oth Enthalten in Geophysical research letters Washington, DC : Union, 1974 43(2016), 16, Seite 8694-8702 (DE-627)129095109 (DE-600)7403-2 (DE-576)01443122X 0094-8276 nnns volume:43 year:2016 number:16 pages:8694-8702 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069575 Volltext http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069575/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1818734821 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OPC-GGO SSG-OPC-GEO GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_2279 38.70 AVZ AR 43 2016 16 8694-8702
language	English
source	Enthalten in Geophysical research letters 43(2016), 16, Seite 8694-8702 volume:43 year:2016 number:16 pages:8694-8702
sourceStr	Enthalten in Geophysical research letters 43(2016), 16, Seite 8694-8702 volume:43 year:2016 number:16 pages:8694-8702
format_phy_str_mv	Article
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topic_facet	extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions initial conditions tropical Pacific ENSO predictability Volcanoes Meteorology Ocean temperature
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container_title	Geophysical research letters
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Pausata, Francesco S. R @@aut@@ Karamperidou, Christina @@oth@@ Caballero, Rodrigo @@oth@@ Battisti, David S @@oth@@
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R</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2016</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen</subfield><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Band</subfield><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. 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author	Pausata, Francesco S. R
spellingShingle	Pausata, Francesco S. R ddc 550 bkl 38.70 misc extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions misc initial conditions misc tropical Pacific misc ENSO predictability misc Volcanoes misc Meteorology misc Ocean temperature ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions
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topic_title	550 DNB 38.70 bkl ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions initial conditions tropical Pacific ENSO predictability Volcanoes Meteorology Ocean temperature
topic	ddc 550 bkl 38.70 misc extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions misc initial conditions misc tropical Pacific misc ENSO predictability misc Volcanoes misc Meteorology misc Ocean temperature
topic_unstemmed	ddc 550 bkl 38.70 misc extra‐tropical volcanic eruptions misc initial conditions misc tropical Pacific misc ENSO predictability misc Volcanoes misc Meteorology misc Ocean temperature
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title	ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions
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title_full	ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions
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title_sort	enso response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the northern hemisphere: the role of the initial conditions
title_auth	ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions
abstract	A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Niño‐like anomalies are almost three times larger when the eruption occurs during an incipient La Niña or during a neutral state compared to an incipient El Niño. The differential response results from stronger atmosphere‐ocean coupling and extra‐tropical feedbacks during an incipient La Niña compared to El Niño. Differences in the response continue through the second and third years following the eruption. When the eruption happens in a year of an incipient El Niño, a large cold (La Niña‐like) anomaly develops in year 2; if the eruption occurs in a year of an incipient La Niña, no anomalies are simulated in year 2 and a La Niña‐like response appears in year 3. After the El Niño‐like anomaly in the first winter, the overall tendency of ENSO in the following 2 years is toward a La Niña state. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of tropical Pacific dynamics under volcanic forcing to the ENSO initial state and lay the groundwork for improved predictions of the global climatic response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. HL eruptions alter the mean state of ENSO, and detectable anomalies are seen up to 3 years after the eruption Stronger El Niño‐like anomalies on year 1 when eruptions occurs under developing La Niñas La Niña‐like anomalies on year 2 and year 3 when eruptions occurs under developing El Niños and La Niñas, respectively
abstractGer	A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Niño‐like anomalies are almost three times larger when the eruption occurs during an incipient La Niña or during a neutral state compared to an incipient El Niño. The differential response results from stronger atmosphere‐ocean coupling and extra‐tropical feedbacks during an incipient La Niña compared to El Niño. Differences in the response continue through the second and third years following the eruption. When the eruption happens in a year of an incipient El Niño, a large cold (La Niña‐like) anomaly develops in year 2; if the eruption occurs in a year of an incipient La Niña, no anomalies are simulated in year 2 and a La Niña‐like response appears in year 3. After the El Niño‐like anomaly in the first winter, the overall tendency of ENSO in the following 2 years is toward a La Niña state. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of tropical Pacific dynamics under volcanic forcing to the ENSO initial state and lay the groundwork for improved predictions of the global climatic response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. HL eruptions alter the mean state of ENSO, and detectable anomalies are seen up to 3 years after the eruption Stronger El Niño‐like anomalies on year 1 when eruptions occurs under developing La Niñas La Niña‐like anomalies on year 2 and year 3 when eruptions occurs under developing El Niños and La Niñas, respectively
abstract_unstemmed	A large ensemble of Earth System Model simulations is analyzed to show that high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions give rise to El Niño‐like anomalies in the winter following the eruption, the amplitude of which depends on the state of the tropical Pacific at the time of the eruption. The El Niño‐like anomalies are almost three times larger when the eruption occurs during an incipient La Niña or during a neutral state compared to an incipient El Niño. The differential response results from stronger atmosphere‐ocean coupling and extra‐tropical feedbacks during an incipient La Niña compared to El Niño. Differences in the response continue through the second and third years following the eruption. When the eruption happens in a year of an incipient El Niño, a large cold (La Niña‐like) anomaly develops in year 2; if the eruption occurs in a year of an incipient La Niña, no anomalies are simulated in year 2 and a La Niña‐like response appears in year 3. After the El Niño‐like anomaly in the first winter, the overall tendency of ENSO in the following 2 years is toward a La Niña state. Our results highlight the high sensitivity of tropical Pacific dynamics under volcanic forcing to the ENSO initial state and lay the groundwork for improved predictions of the global climatic response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions. HL eruptions alter the mean state of ENSO, and detectable anomalies are seen up to 3 years after the eruption Stronger El Niño‐like anomalies on year 1 when eruptions occurs under developing La Niñas La Niña‐like anomalies on year 2 and year 3 when eruptions occurs under developing El Niños and La Niñas, respectively
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container_issue	16
title_short	ENSO response to high‐latitude volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere: The role of the initial conditions
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069575 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069575/abstract http://search.proquest.com/docview/1818734821
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