A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c

Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population...
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Autor*in:	Julien de Wit [verfasserIn] Hannah R Wakeford Michaël Gillon Nikole K Lewis Jeff A Valenti Brice-Olivier Demory Adam J Burgasser Artem Burdanov Laetitia Delrez Emmanuël Jehin Susan M Lederer Didier Queloz Amaury H M J Triaud Valérie Van Grootel

Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2016

Schlagwörter:	Temperature Astronomy Dwarf stars Atmosphere Planets Extrasolar planets Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics

Übergeordnetes Werk:	Enthalten in: Nature - London : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 1869, 537(2016), 7618, Seite 69-72
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:537 ; year:2016 ; number:7618 ; pages:69-72

Links:	Volltext Link aufrufen Link aufrufen

DOI / URN:	10.1038/nature18641

Katalog-ID:	OLC1982119330

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allfields	10.1038/nature18641 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1982119330 (DE-599)GBVOLC1982119330 (PRQ)a2084-3acc690be561cb6532c30867c2aa72e2d203216f3cce1639e20baeae9a35f3300 (KEY)0072945020160000537761800069combinedtransmissionspectrumoftheearthsizedexoplan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 070 500 DE-101 500 AVZ BIODIV fid Julien de Wit verfasserin aut A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first transiting example. Theoretical predictions span the entire atmospheric range, from depleted to extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Here we report observations of the combined transmission spectrum of the two inner planets during their simultaneous transits on 4 May 2016. The lack of features in the combined spectrum rules out cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmospheres for each planet at ≥10σ levels; TRAPPIST-1 b and c are therefore unlikely to have an extended gas envelope as they occupy a region of parameter space in which high-altitude cloud/haze formation is not expected to be significant for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Many denser atmospheres remain consistent with the featureless transmission spectrum-from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one. Temperature Astronomy Dwarf stars Atmosphere Planets Extrasolar planets Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics Hannah R Wakeford oth Michaël Gillon oth Nikole K Lewis oth Jeff A Valenti oth Brice-Olivier Demory oth Adam J Burgasser oth Artem Burdanov oth Laetitia Delrez oth Emmanuël Jehin oth Susan M Lederer oth Didier Queloz oth Amaury H M J Triaud oth Valérie Van Grootel oth Enthalten in Nature London : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 1869 537(2016), 7618, Seite 69-72 (DE-627)129292834 (DE-600)120714-3 (DE-576)014473941 0028-0836 nnns volume:537 year:2016 number:7618 pages:69-72 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18641 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1816795507 http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01103 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-SPO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_55 GBV_ILN_59 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_290 GBV_ILN_294 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_754 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2120 GBV_ILN_2121 GBV_ILN_2219 GBV_ILN_2221 GBV_ILN_2279 GBV_ILN_2286 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4317 GBV_ILN_4320 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 537 2016 7618 69-72
spelling	10.1038/nature18641 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1982119330 (DE-599)GBVOLC1982119330 (PRQ)a2084-3acc690be561cb6532c30867c2aa72e2d203216f3cce1639e20baeae9a35f3300 (KEY)0072945020160000537761800069combinedtransmissionspectrumoftheearthsizedexoplan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 070 500 DE-101 500 AVZ BIODIV fid Julien de Wit verfasserin aut A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first transiting example. Theoretical predictions span the entire atmospheric range, from depleted to extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Here we report observations of the combined transmission spectrum of the two inner planets during their simultaneous transits on 4 May 2016. The lack of features in the combined spectrum rules out cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmospheres for each planet at ≥10σ levels; TRAPPIST-1 b and c are therefore unlikely to have an extended gas envelope as they occupy a region of parameter space in which high-altitude cloud/haze formation is not expected to be significant for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Many denser atmospheres remain consistent with the featureless transmission spectrum-from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one. Temperature Astronomy Dwarf stars Atmosphere Planets Extrasolar planets Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics Hannah R Wakeford oth Michaël Gillon oth Nikole K Lewis oth Jeff A Valenti oth Brice-Olivier Demory oth Adam J Burgasser oth Artem Burdanov oth Laetitia Delrez oth Emmanuël Jehin oth Susan M Lederer oth Didier Queloz oth Amaury H M J Triaud oth Valérie Van Grootel oth Enthalten in Nature London : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 1869 537(2016), 7618, Seite 69-72 (DE-627)129292834 (DE-600)120714-3 (DE-576)014473941 0028-0836 nnns volume:537 year:2016 number:7618 pages:69-72 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18641 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1816795507 http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01103 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-SPO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_55 GBV_ILN_59 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_290 GBV_ILN_294 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_754 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2120 GBV_ILN_2121 GBV_ILN_2219 GBV_ILN_2221 GBV_ILN_2279 GBV_ILN_2286 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4317 GBV_ILN_4320 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 537 2016 7618 69-72
allfields_unstemmed	10.1038/nature18641 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1982119330 (DE-599)GBVOLC1982119330 (PRQ)a2084-3acc690be561cb6532c30867c2aa72e2d203216f3cce1639e20baeae9a35f3300 (KEY)0072945020160000537761800069combinedtransmissionspectrumoftheearthsizedexoplan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 070 500 DE-101 500 AVZ BIODIV fid Julien de Wit verfasserin aut A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first transiting example. Theoretical predictions span the entire atmospheric range, from depleted to extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Here we report observations of the combined transmission spectrum of the two inner planets during their simultaneous transits on 4 May 2016. The lack of features in the combined spectrum rules out cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmospheres for each planet at ≥10σ levels; TRAPPIST-1 b and c are therefore unlikely to have an extended gas envelope as they occupy a region of parameter space in which high-altitude cloud/haze formation is not expected to be significant for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Many denser atmospheres remain consistent with the featureless transmission spectrum-from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one. Temperature Astronomy Dwarf stars Atmosphere Planets Extrasolar planets Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics Hannah R Wakeford oth Michaël Gillon oth Nikole K Lewis oth Jeff A Valenti oth Brice-Olivier Demory oth Adam J Burgasser oth Artem Burdanov oth Laetitia Delrez oth Emmanuël Jehin oth Susan M Lederer oth Didier Queloz oth Amaury H M J Triaud oth Valérie Van Grootel oth Enthalten in Nature London : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 1869 537(2016), 7618, Seite 69-72 (DE-627)129292834 (DE-600)120714-3 (DE-576)014473941 0028-0836 nnns volume:537 year:2016 number:7618 pages:69-72 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18641 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1816795507 http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01103 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-SPO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_55 GBV_ILN_59 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_290 GBV_ILN_294 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_754 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2120 GBV_ILN_2121 GBV_ILN_2219 GBV_ILN_2221 GBV_ILN_2279 GBV_ILN_2286 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4317 GBV_ILN_4320 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 537 2016 7618 69-72
allfieldsGer	10.1038/nature18641 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1982119330 (DE-599)GBVOLC1982119330 (PRQ)a2084-3acc690be561cb6532c30867c2aa72e2d203216f3cce1639e20baeae9a35f3300 (KEY)0072945020160000537761800069combinedtransmissionspectrumoftheearthsizedexoplan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 070 500 DE-101 500 AVZ BIODIV fid Julien de Wit verfasserin aut A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first transiting example. Theoretical predictions span the entire atmospheric range, from depleted to extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Here we report observations of the combined transmission spectrum of the two inner planets during their simultaneous transits on 4 May 2016. The lack of features in the combined spectrum rules out cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmospheres for each planet at ≥10σ levels; TRAPPIST-1 b and c are therefore unlikely to have an extended gas envelope as they occupy a region of parameter space in which high-altitude cloud/haze formation is not expected to be significant for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Many denser atmospheres remain consistent with the featureless transmission spectrum-from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one. Temperature Astronomy Dwarf stars Atmosphere Planets Extrasolar planets Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics Hannah R Wakeford oth Michaël Gillon oth Nikole K Lewis oth Jeff A Valenti oth Brice-Olivier Demory oth Adam J Burgasser oth Artem Burdanov oth Laetitia Delrez oth Emmanuël Jehin oth Susan M Lederer oth Didier Queloz oth Amaury H M J Triaud oth Valérie Van Grootel oth Enthalten in Nature London : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 1869 537(2016), 7618, Seite 69-72 (DE-627)129292834 (DE-600)120714-3 (DE-576)014473941 0028-0836 nnns volume:537 year:2016 number:7618 pages:69-72 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18641 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1816795507 http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01103 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-SPO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_55 GBV_ILN_59 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_290 GBV_ILN_294 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_754 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2120 GBV_ILN_2121 GBV_ILN_2219 GBV_ILN_2221 GBV_ILN_2279 GBV_ILN_2286 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4317 GBV_ILN_4320 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 537 2016 7618 69-72
allfieldsSound	10.1038/nature18641 doi PQ20161012 (DE-627)OLC1982119330 (DE-599)GBVOLC1982119330 (PRQ)a2084-3acc690be561cb6532c30867c2aa72e2d203216f3cce1639e20baeae9a35f3300 (KEY)0072945020160000537761800069combinedtransmissionspectrumoftheearthsizedexoplan DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 070 500 DE-101 500 AVZ BIODIV fid Julien de Wit verfasserin aut A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c 2016 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first transiting example. Theoretical predictions span the entire atmospheric range, from depleted to extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Here we report observations of the combined transmission spectrum of the two inner planets during their simultaneous transits on 4 May 2016. The lack of features in the combined spectrum rules out cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmospheres for each planet at ≥10σ levels; TRAPPIST-1 b and c are therefore unlikely to have an extended gas envelope as they occupy a region of parameter space in which high-altitude cloud/haze formation is not expected to be significant for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Many denser atmospheres remain consistent with the featureless transmission spectrum-from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one. Temperature Astronomy Dwarf stars Atmosphere Planets Extrasolar planets Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics Hannah R Wakeford oth Michaël Gillon oth Nikole K Lewis oth Jeff A Valenti oth Brice-Olivier Demory oth Adam J Burgasser oth Artem Burdanov oth Laetitia Delrez oth Emmanuël Jehin oth Susan M Lederer oth Didier Queloz oth Amaury H M J Triaud oth Valérie Van Grootel oth Enthalten in Nature London : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, 1869 537(2016), 7618, Seite 69-72 (DE-627)129292834 (DE-600)120714-3 (DE-576)014473941 0028-0836 nnns volume:537 year:2016 number:7618 pages:69-72 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18641 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1816795507 http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01103 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-PHY SSG-OLC-CHE SSG-OLC-MAT SSG-OLC-FOR SSG-OLC-SPO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-FOR GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_30 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_47 GBV_ILN_55 GBV_ILN_59 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_120 GBV_ILN_154 GBV_ILN_168 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_211 GBV_ILN_290 GBV_ILN_294 GBV_ILN_601 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_754 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2002 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2016 GBV_ILN_2018 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2095 GBV_ILN_2116 GBV_ILN_2120 GBV_ILN_2121 GBV_ILN_2219 GBV_ILN_2221 GBV_ILN_2279 GBV_ILN_2286 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4219 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4277 GBV_ILN_4302 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4314 GBV_ILN_4317 GBV_ILN_4320 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 537 2016 7618 69-72
language	English
source	Enthalten in Nature 537(2016), 7618, Seite 69-72 volume:537 year:2016 number:7618 pages:69-72
sourceStr	Enthalten in Nature 537(2016), 7618, Seite 69-72 volume:537 year:2016 number:7618 pages:69-72
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Temperature Astronomy Dwarf stars Atmosphere Planets Extrasolar planets Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics
dewey-raw	070
isfreeaccess_bool	false
container_title	Nature
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Julien de Wit @@aut@@ Hannah R Wakeford @@oth@@ Michaël Gillon @@oth@@ Nikole K Lewis @@oth@@ Jeff A Valenti @@oth@@ Brice-Olivier Demory @@oth@@ Adam J Burgasser @@oth@@ Artem Burdanov @@oth@@ Laetitia Delrez @@oth@@ Emmanuël Jehin @@oth@@ Susan M Lederer @@oth@@ Didier Queloz @@oth@@ Amaury H M J Triaud @@oth@@ Valérie Van Grootel @@oth@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	129292834
dewey-sort	270
id	OLC1982119330
language_de	englisch
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author	Julien de Wit
spellingShingle	Julien de Wit ddc 070 ddc 500 fid BIODIV misc Temperature misc Astronomy misc Dwarf stars misc Atmosphere misc Planets misc Extrasolar planets misc Earth and Planetary Astrophysics misc Astrophysics A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c
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title	A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c
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title_full	A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c
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title_sort	combined transmission spectrum of the earth-sized exoplanets trappist-1 b and c
title_auth	A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c
abstract	Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first transiting example. Theoretical predictions span the entire atmospheric range, from depleted to extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Here we report observations of the combined transmission spectrum of the two inner planets during their simultaneous transits on 4 May 2016. The lack of features in the combined spectrum rules out cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmospheres for each planet at ≥10σ levels; TRAPPIST-1 b and c are therefore unlikely to have an extended gas envelope as they occupy a region of parameter space in which high-altitude cloud/haze formation is not expected to be significant for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Many denser atmospheres remain consistent with the featureless transmission spectrum-from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one.
abstractGer	Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first transiting example. Theoretical predictions span the entire atmospheric range, from depleted to extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Here we report observations of the combined transmission spectrum of the two inner planets during their simultaneous transits on 4 May 2016. The lack of features in the combined spectrum rules out cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmospheres for each planet at ≥10σ levels; TRAPPIST-1 b and c are therefore unlikely to have an extended gas envelope as they occupy a region of parameter space in which high-altitude cloud/haze formation is not expected to be significant for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Many denser atmospheres remain consistent with the featureless transmission spectrum-from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one.
abstract_unstemmed	Three Earth-sized exoplanets were recently discovered close to the habitable zone of the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (ref. 3). The nature of these planets has yet to be determined, as their masses remain unmeasured and no observational constraint is available for the planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first transiting example. Theoretical predictions span the entire atmospheric range, from depleted to extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Here we report observations of the combined transmission spectrum of the two inner planets during their simultaneous transits on 4 May 2016. The lack of features in the combined spectrum rules out cloud-free hydrogen-dominated atmospheres for each planet at ≥10σ levels; TRAPPIST-1 b and c are therefore unlikely to have an extended gas envelope as they occupy a region of parameter space in which high-altitude cloud/haze formation is not expected to be significant for hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Many denser atmospheres remain consistent with the featureless transmission spectrum-from a cloud-free water-vapour atmosphere to a Venus-like one.
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title_short	A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18641 http://search.proquest.com/docview/1816795507 http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01103
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author2	Hannah R Wakeford Michaël Gillon Nikole K Lewis Jeff A Valenti Brice-Olivier Demory Adam J Burgasser Artem Burdanov Laetitia Delrez Emmanuël Jehin Susan M Lederer Didier Queloz Amaury H M J Triaud Valérie Van Grootel
author2Str	Hannah R Wakeford Michaël Gillon Nikole K Lewis Jeff A Valenti Brice-Olivier Demory Adam J Burgasser Artem Burdanov Laetitia Delrez Emmanuël Jehin Susan M Lederer Didier Queloz Amaury H M J Triaud Valérie Van Grootel
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up_date	2024-07-03T16:01:08.292Z
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A combined transmission spectrum of the Earth-sized exoplanets TRAPPIST-1 b and c

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