Inferring flight parameters of Mesozoic avians through multivariate analyses of forelimb elements in their living relatives
Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy cos...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Serrano, Francisco J [verfasserIn] |
|---|
| Format: |
Artikel |
|---|---|
| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2017 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
Enthalten in: Paleobiology - Jacksonville, NY : Paleontological Society, 1975, 43(2017), 1, Seite 144-169 |
|---|---|
| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:43 ; year:2017 ; number:1 ; pages:144-169 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.1017/pab.2016.35 |
|---|
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| 520 | |a Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. In addition, although our WL and AR values are based on estimates (BM, B, and S L) that have an associated error, there is no cumulative error in their calculation, and both parameters show low prediction errors. Therefore, we present the first taxonomically broad, error-calibrated estimation of these two important aerodynamic parameters in non-neornithine birds. Such estimates show that the WL and AR of the non-neornithine birds here analyzed fall within the range of variation of modern birds (i.e., Neornithes). Our results indicate that most modern flight modes (e.g., continuous flapping, flap and gliding, flap and bounding, thermal soaring) were possible for the wide range of non-neornithine avian taxa; we found no evidence for the presence of dynamic soaring among these early birds. | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Palmqvist, Paul |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chiappe, Luis M |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sanz, José L |4 oth | |
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10.1017/pab.2016.35 doi PQ20170301 (DE-627)OLC1990509223 (DE-599)GBVOLC1990509223 (PRQ)c1173-6c79a14c9f33f55423d577e508d677a0edaff9944d0eccd96fee984b172dbcb30 (KEY)0046620420170000043000100144inferringflightparametersofmesozoicaviansthroughmu DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 DNB BIODIV fid Serrano, Francisco J verfasserin aut Inferring flight parameters of Mesozoic avians through multivariate analyses of forelimb elements in their living relatives 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. In addition, although our WL and AR values are based on estimates (BM, B, and S L) that have an associated error, there is no cumulative error in their calculation, and both parameters show low prediction errors. Therefore, we present the first taxonomically broad, error-calibrated estimation of these two important aerodynamic parameters in non-neornithine birds. Such estimates show that the WL and AR of the non-neornithine birds here analyzed fall within the range of variation of modern birds (i.e., Neornithes). Our results indicate that most modern flight modes (e.g., continuous flapping, flap and gliding, flap and bounding, thermal soaring) were possible for the wide range of non-neornithine avian taxa; we found no evidence for the presence of dynamic soaring among these early birds. Palmqvist, Paul oth Chiappe, Luis M oth Sanz, José L oth Enthalten in Paleobiology Jacksonville, NY : Paleontological Society, 1975 43(2017), 1, Seite 144-169 (DE-627)129417270 (DE-600)189583-7 (DE-576)014794861 0094-8373 nnns volume:43 year:2017 number:1 pages:144-169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2016.35 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1857325909 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_2173 GBV_ILN_2408 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 43 2017 1 144-169 |
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10.1017/pab.2016.35 doi PQ20170301 (DE-627)OLC1990509223 (DE-599)GBVOLC1990509223 (PRQ)c1173-6c79a14c9f33f55423d577e508d677a0edaff9944d0eccd96fee984b172dbcb30 (KEY)0046620420170000043000100144inferringflightparametersofmesozoicaviansthroughmu DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 DNB BIODIV fid Serrano, Francisco J verfasserin aut Inferring flight parameters of Mesozoic avians through multivariate analyses of forelimb elements in their living relatives 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. In addition, although our WL and AR values are based on estimates (BM, B, and S L) that have an associated error, there is no cumulative error in their calculation, and both parameters show low prediction errors. Therefore, we present the first taxonomically broad, error-calibrated estimation of these two important aerodynamic parameters in non-neornithine birds. Such estimates show that the WL and AR of the non-neornithine birds here analyzed fall within the range of variation of modern birds (i.e., Neornithes). Our results indicate that most modern flight modes (e.g., continuous flapping, flap and gliding, flap and bounding, thermal soaring) were possible for the wide range of non-neornithine avian taxa; we found no evidence for the presence of dynamic soaring among these early birds. Palmqvist, Paul oth Chiappe, Luis M oth Sanz, José L oth Enthalten in Paleobiology Jacksonville, NY : Paleontological Society, 1975 43(2017), 1, Seite 144-169 (DE-627)129417270 (DE-600)189583-7 (DE-576)014794861 0094-8373 nnns volume:43 year:2017 number:1 pages:144-169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2016.35 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1857325909 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_2173 GBV_ILN_2408 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 43 2017 1 144-169 |
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10.1017/pab.2016.35 doi PQ20170301 (DE-627)OLC1990509223 (DE-599)GBVOLC1990509223 (PRQ)c1173-6c79a14c9f33f55423d577e508d677a0edaff9944d0eccd96fee984b172dbcb30 (KEY)0046620420170000043000100144inferringflightparametersofmesozoicaviansthroughmu DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 DNB BIODIV fid Serrano, Francisco J verfasserin aut Inferring flight parameters of Mesozoic avians through multivariate analyses of forelimb elements in their living relatives 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. In addition, although our WL and AR values are based on estimates (BM, B, and S L) that have an associated error, there is no cumulative error in their calculation, and both parameters show low prediction errors. Therefore, we present the first taxonomically broad, error-calibrated estimation of these two important aerodynamic parameters in non-neornithine birds. Such estimates show that the WL and AR of the non-neornithine birds here analyzed fall within the range of variation of modern birds (i.e., Neornithes). Our results indicate that most modern flight modes (e.g., continuous flapping, flap and gliding, flap and bounding, thermal soaring) were possible for the wide range of non-neornithine avian taxa; we found no evidence for the presence of dynamic soaring among these early birds. Palmqvist, Paul oth Chiappe, Luis M oth Sanz, José L oth Enthalten in Paleobiology Jacksonville, NY : Paleontological Society, 1975 43(2017), 1, Seite 144-169 (DE-627)129417270 (DE-600)189583-7 (DE-576)014794861 0094-8373 nnns volume:43 year:2017 number:1 pages:144-169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2016.35 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1857325909 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_2173 GBV_ILN_2408 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 43 2017 1 144-169 |
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10.1017/pab.2016.35 doi PQ20170301 (DE-627)OLC1990509223 (DE-599)GBVOLC1990509223 (PRQ)c1173-6c79a14c9f33f55423d577e508d677a0edaff9944d0eccd96fee984b172dbcb30 (KEY)0046620420170000043000100144inferringflightparametersofmesozoicaviansthroughmu DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 DNB BIODIV fid Serrano, Francisco J verfasserin aut Inferring flight parameters of Mesozoic avians through multivariate analyses of forelimb elements in their living relatives 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. In addition, although our WL and AR values are based on estimates (BM, B, and S L) that have an associated error, there is no cumulative error in their calculation, and both parameters show low prediction errors. Therefore, we present the first taxonomically broad, error-calibrated estimation of these two important aerodynamic parameters in non-neornithine birds. Such estimates show that the WL and AR of the non-neornithine birds here analyzed fall within the range of variation of modern birds (i.e., Neornithes). Our results indicate that most modern flight modes (e.g., continuous flapping, flap and gliding, flap and bounding, thermal soaring) were possible for the wide range of non-neornithine avian taxa; we found no evidence for the presence of dynamic soaring among these early birds. Palmqvist, Paul oth Chiappe, Luis M oth Sanz, José L oth Enthalten in Paleobiology Jacksonville, NY : Paleontological Society, 1975 43(2017), 1, Seite 144-169 (DE-627)129417270 (DE-600)189583-7 (DE-576)014794861 0094-8373 nnns volume:43 year:2017 number:1 pages:144-169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2016.35 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1857325909 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_2173 GBV_ILN_2408 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 43 2017 1 144-169 |
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10.1017/pab.2016.35 doi PQ20170301 (DE-627)OLC1990509223 (DE-599)GBVOLC1990509223 (PRQ)c1173-6c79a14c9f33f55423d577e508d677a0edaff9944d0eccd96fee984b172dbcb30 (KEY)0046620420170000043000100144inferringflightparametersofmesozoicaviansthroughmu DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng 570 550 DNB BIODIV fid Serrano, Francisco J verfasserin aut Inferring flight parameters of Mesozoic avians through multivariate analyses of forelimb elements in their living relatives 2017 Text txt rdacontent ohne Hilfsmittel zu benutzen n rdamedia Band nc rdacarrier Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. In addition, although our WL and AR values are based on estimates (BM, B, and S L) that have an associated error, there is no cumulative error in their calculation, and both parameters show low prediction errors. Therefore, we present the first taxonomically broad, error-calibrated estimation of these two important aerodynamic parameters in non-neornithine birds. Such estimates show that the WL and AR of the non-neornithine birds here analyzed fall within the range of variation of modern birds (i.e., Neornithes). Our results indicate that most modern flight modes (e.g., continuous flapping, flap and gliding, flap and bounding, thermal soaring) were possible for the wide range of non-neornithine avian taxa; we found no evidence for the presence of dynamic soaring among these early birds. Palmqvist, Paul oth Chiappe, Luis M oth Sanz, José L oth Enthalten in Paleobiology Jacksonville, NY : Paleontological Society, 1975 43(2017), 1, Seite 144-169 (DE-627)129417270 (DE-600)189583-7 (DE-576)014794861 0094-8373 nnns volume:43 year:2017 number:1 pages:144-169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2016.35 Volltext http://search.proquest.com/docview/1857325909 GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_OLC FID-BIODIV SSG-OLC-GEO SSG-OLC-PHA SSG-OLC-DE-84 SSG-OPC-GGO GBV_ILN_21 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_2173 GBV_ILN_2408 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 43 2017 1 144-169 |
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Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. 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inferring flight parameters of mesozoic avians through multivariate analyses of forelimb elements in their living relatives |
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Inferring flight parameters of Mesozoic avians through multivariate analyses of forelimb elements in their living relatives |
| abstract |
Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. In addition, although our WL and AR values are based on estimates (BM, B, and S L) that have an associated error, there is no cumulative error in their calculation, and both parameters show low prediction errors. Therefore, we present the first taxonomically broad, error-calibrated estimation of these two important aerodynamic parameters in non-neornithine birds. Such estimates show that the WL and AR of the non-neornithine birds here analyzed fall within the range of variation of modern birds (i.e., Neornithes). Our results indicate that most modern flight modes (e.g., continuous flapping, flap and gliding, flap and bounding, thermal soaring) were possible for the wide range of non-neornithine avian taxa; we found no evidence for the presence of dynamic soaring among these early birds. |
| abstractGer |
Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. In addition, although our WL and AR values are based on estimates (BM, B, and S L) that have an associated error, there is no cumulative error in their calculation, and both parameters show low prediction errors. Therefore, we present the first taxonomically broad, error-calibrated estimation of these two important aerodynamic parameters in non-neornithine birds. Such estimates show that the WL and AR of the non-neornithine birds here analyzed fall within the range of variation of modern birds (i.e., Neornithes). Our results indicate that most modern flight modes (e.g., continuous flapping, flap and gliding, flap and bounding, thermal soaring) were possible for the wide range of non-neornithine avian taxa; we found no evidence for the presence of dynamic soaring among these early birds. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Our knowledge of the diversity, ecology, and phylogeny of Mesozoic birds has increased significantly during recent decades, yet our understanding of their flight competence remains poor. Wing loading (WL) and aspect ratio (AR) are two aerodynamically relevant parameters, as they relate to energy costs of aerial locomotion and flight maneuverability. They can be calculated in living birds (i.e., Neornithes) from body mass (BM), wingspan (B), and lift surface (S L). However, the estimates for extinct birds can be subject to biases from statistical issues, phylogeny, locomotor adaptations, and diagenetic compaction. Here we develop a sequential approach for generating reliable multivariate models that allow estimation of measurements necessary to determine WL and AR in the main clades of non-neornithine Mesozoic birds. The strength of our predictions is supported by the use of those variables that show similar scaling patterns in modern and stem taxa (i.e., non-neornithine birds) and the similarity of our predictions with measurements obtained from fossils preserving wing outlines. In addition, although our WL and AR values are based on estimates (BM, B, and S L) that have an associated error, there is no cumulative error in their calculation, and both parameters show low prediction errors. Therefore, we present the first taxonomically broad, error-calibrated estimation of these two important aerodynamic parameters in non-neornithine birds. Such estimates show that the WL and AR of the non-neornithine birds here analyzed fall within the range of variation of modern birds (i.e., Neornithes). Our results indicate that most modern flight modes (e.g., continuous flapping, flap and gliding, flap and bounding, thermal soaring) were possible for the wide range of non-neornithine avian taxa; we found no evidence for the presence of dynamic soaring among these early birds. |
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